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61. Untitled Document
and the third, and most significant for the history of benin, was the movement Jobs were created, salaries were on the rise, and benin enjoyed more
http://www.benintourisme.com/ang/country_info/dth.history.htm
Cotonou,
Country information History
Also in this section
Geo graphy Government Economy History Pre-Colonial (1600-1900) From approximately 1300-1600, three major migratory movements took place resulting in the population of the area now known as Benin. The first was the movement of the Yoruba people from Nigeria; second was the movement of the Ashanti people from Ghana; and the third, and most significant for the history of Benin, was the movement of the "Alladahanou" people from Tado, in the south-east of what is now Togo. This group, led by three brothers, initially settled in Allada. While the oldest brother became the king of Allada, the others left around 1625 and established two other kingdoms: one in what is now Porto Novo and one near Abomey. Around 1645, the Abomey kingdom conquered the neighboring kingdom of Dan and thus became known as "Dahomey," which means "in the belly of Dan" in Fon. The king of Dahomey at this time, Houegbadja, declared that the kingdom would continue to grow larger with each successive generation, for each king would leave his successor more land than he inherited. As a result, the people of Dahomey fought to expand their territory, and each king built a new palace near his predecessor's, producing a series of palaces in the city of Abomey. In 1724, Dahomey conquered the kingdom of Allada , and in 1727 they conquered Savi, on the coast near Ouidah.

62. EARLY HISTORY OF AFRICA
An important region of food production in prehistoric Africa appears to have In Nigeria, the kingdom of benin started to emerge in the twelfth century.
http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/history1.htm
HISTORY OF AFRICA Incredible @rt Dept ART HOME Lesson Plans Art Rubrics- Files ... Climate and Regions Africa . Third Edition. Indiana: Indiana University Press. Aspects of Early History and Prehistoric Africa Oral traditions were often not reliable and had to be decoded and studied within the wider cultural context. Different societies had different traditions. Those with centralized power and hereditary dynasties had selected individual entrusted with the memorization of history the griots (known as Jelis ... among the Manding groups) Archaeology Every ethnic group has legend on the beginning of history how ancestors arrived in their present area. (See examples of the Dogon). Others simply say that their present day location is the original homeland. Traditions of migration are most common and useful in understanding a great deal of African history particularly the emergence of dynasties and interactions between different groups. The movement of people contributed to the spread of new ideas and technology. There is a degree of similarity between widely separated societies. Common in the element of traditions in the formation of state is the role of the environment. Pre-Historic Africa After more than 60 million years of primate evolution, there is evidence in East Africa, dating more than 4 million years ago, of upright -walking ancestors who split away from the rest of the apes. By approximately 2.5 million years ago, ancestors show interesting new behavior patterns making and using stone tools, ushering the Stone Age.

63. ZUJI
Destination Guides Africa benin. benin. history. The history of benin isindistinguishable from that of the entire area of West Africa until the early
http://www.zuji.com.sg/dest/guide/0,1277,ZUJISG|63|337|1,00.html
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Regional Guide Introduction Fast Facts Best Time to Visit Money ... Africa : Benin Benin
History The history of Benin is indistinguishable from that of the entire area of West Africa until the early part of the 17th century. Up until this time, the area had been divided into numerous principalities. It just takes one bad apple to spoil it for the rest of them, however, and in Benin's case a chief had a row with his brother and moved to Abomey before conquering the neighbouring kingdom of Dan, which became known as Dahomey (Fon for 'in Dan's belly'). He then made a pledge - repeated by each successive king - to leave more land than he inherited. Not surprisingly, this policy led to war after war, and a particularly bad relationship with the powerful Yoruba of Nigeria. Of course, wherever there was a good fight, Europeans were never far behind, and the Portuguese and others began establishing trade posts at Porto Novo and Ouidah. The Dahomey traded with the Europeans; the hot item was prisoners of war sold into slavery in return for guns. For well over a century, an average of 10,000 slaves a year were shipped to the Americas, primarily Brazil and the Caribbean and particularly Haiti, exporting their knowledge and practice of voodoo. Benin had become perhaps the most beaten track by Europeans in Africa, and southern Benin had the dubious honour of being dubbed 'the Slave Coast'. In the 1800s the French sashayed in and gained control of the coast, making the kingdom of Dahomey part of French West Africa. Named the 'Latin Quarter of West Africa', Dahomey became famous over the next century for its educated elite, employed as regional advisors. This education process backfired on the French; the locals became vocal and began agitating for equality. They even published a newspaper critical of the French.

64. History Of NIGERIA
history of NIGERIA from historyWorld.net including Historic regions, regional hostilities are a feature of independent Nigeria from the start,
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad41

65. Catholic Bishops Conference Of Nigeria - A Brief History Of The Catholic Church
Thus the Oba of benin and the Olu of Warri during this period had many contacts with In the region of Nigeria Yoruba liberated slaves were the most
http://www.cbcn.org/aspscripts/page1.ASP
Home Catholic Secretariat History of the Church News ... Login
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A brief history of the Church
The Catholic Church in Nigeria - A brief history The Initial Contact with Christian Mission - 15th to 18 th century
The first wave of contact our people had with Christians and missionaries under the protection of Portugal was between the 15 th and 18 th th century were confessing Christians. A son of such a ruler was even sent to train as a priest in Portugal as the Portuguese felt that Africans might be the best missionaries to themselves. Despite the close connection between trade and mission work at this time, a lot of heroism was noted on the part of missionaries and Nigerian Christians. The evils of the society between the 16 th and 18 th
From the 19 th to the 20 th centuries:
The second wave of mission in the 19 th century West African sub-region started with the Protestants. The sheer burden of this missionary work lay with the liberated slaves and lay men and women of the West African region. In the region of Nigeria Yoruba liberated slaves were the most enterprising both in trade and in spreading Christianity. Henry Townsend and Ajai Crowther stand out clearly, as missionaries of no mean stature in the western, Niger and delta areas of Nigeria. The church they founded, made up initially of liberated slaves, later included the indigenes of the southern Nigeria area. Similar to the first wave of evangelisation from the 16

66. The Nigerian Embassy - History
The emergence of the benin Empire goes back to prehistoric times. was theearliest empire that came clearly into the light of history within the region.
http://nigerianembassy-argentina.org/nigeria/xhistory.shtml
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Long before colonial rule, the peoples of Nigeria had established their own indigenous system of government. The various ethnic groups in Nigeria had different patterns of government. The Hausa-Fulani, Igbo and Yoruba in particular had each established political systems that were distinct. Evidence of contact between the peoples on the northern part of Africa and Nigerians can be found in the legends of some ethnic groups. The Hausas, for example, 'have a legend which traces their ancestry to migrants from the Far-east. So also does a Yoruba legend. One can assume that as the Sahara began to desiccate, some of the groups who lived in what was changing into an inhospitable region moved out. The few who probably moved south into what became Nigeria would in turn displace those already living there, forcing the latter to repeat the process elsewhere.
The Benin Empire
Kanem-Borno Empire
Hausa States
To the West of the Kanem Borrio empire, were Hausa states. The Hausa legend of a common origin also idenifies seven of the state - Biramo, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano and Zauzau - as the oldest, while another seven - Gwari, Yoruba, Kebbi, Kororofa, Zamfara, Nupe and Yauri - are regraded as relatively more recent. The Hausa states were not united until the opening years of the 19th century, although in the 16th century the borders of the Songhai Empire extended to some of the western states. Nevertheless, their geographical position enabled them to thrive and prosper, for they were able to exploit the agricultural potentials of the northern region and to carry on a vigorous, trade with caravans from across the Sahara as well as with the people of Southern Nigeria.

67. African New World Studies Online Newsletter
The cultural history of YorubaEdo region in Nigeria has been the main focus Filling A Gap in the Ife-benin Interaction Field (13th-16th centuries AD)
http://www.fiu.edu/~africana/newsletter/spring2003/news_spotlight.htm
Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Akin Ogundiran I teach classes in the history, archaeology, and culture of Africa, and in comparative world civilizations. My research and teaching are interdisciplinary, intersecting the traditional boundaries of history, archaeology, and anthropology. Convinced that the historical experience of Africa can be assessed from diverse sources, my pursuit of interdisciplinary approach to cultural historical analysis makes me aware of the many theatres in which history has been and is being produced, (re)enacted, and lived. Research
I have conducted research in Nigeria (West Africa), Ethiopia (East Africa), and the United States. In these regions, I have collaborated (Ethiopia and U.S.A.) and initiated (Nigeria) projects on different aspects of African cultural history stretching as far back as 100 A.D. in the case of Aksumite Civilization in Ethiopia, 1200 A.D. for Yoruba civilization in West Africa, and as recent as early 19th century in the case of urban African-American culture in Boston (USA).
ultimate goal of the project is to provide insights into the socio-cultural transformations that took place in the Bight of Benin between 1500 and 1900 as a result of the integration of the region into the Atlantic economic system.

68. Vita
The cultural history of YorubaEdo region in Nigeria has been the main focus of Cultural Translations of the Atlantic Experience in the Bight of benin,
http://www.fiu.edu/~history/Faculty/ogundiran/ogundiran.html
FIU Home
Undergraduates Graduate Studies Courses ... Contact us
Akin Ogundiran
Assistant Professor, Boston University, 2000 DM 385B; ogundira@fiu.edu Professor Ogundiran has conducted research in Nigeria (West Africa), Ethiopia (East Africa), and the United States. In these countries, he has collaborated (Ethiopia and U.S.A.) and initiated (Nigeria) projects on different aspects of African cultural history stretching as far back as 100 A.D. in the case of Aksumite Civilization in Ethiopia, 1200 A.D. for Yoruba Civilization in West Africa, and as recent as early 19th century in the case of urban African-American communities in Boston (USA). The cultural history of Yoruba-Edo region in Nigeria has been the main focus of his research since 1990. The major theme of the research is the articulation of local historical experience in regional and global contexts. He is interested in how historical communities, peoples, and cultural ecumenes responded to, manipulated, and became part of regional and global historical processes (e.g, the Atlantic economy). He is also interested in how the cultural institutions and daily lives of African societies have been transformed as a result of these global/regional encounters. Within the framework of global/regional/local intersections, his archaeological-historical research has been drawn to topics such as migrations, inter-group relations, ethnogenesis, political formation, material culture, and origins and transformations of cultural institutions.

69. Postgraduate Prospectus : History - University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne
regional history, MRes. 12 months full time. Aims. To study the history of regionsand regionalism across time and space at an advanced level,
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/subjects/history/courses/403
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University of
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History.
Regional History, MRes
12 months full time
Aims
To study the history of regions and regionalism across time and space at an advanced level, through an extended programme of research training and teaching in the approaches used by regional historians.
School Web pages:
Programme Description
This unique new research training programme is designed to provide a springboard to PhD-level work. It is offered in collaboration with the AHRB Centre for North-East England History, which means students benefit from the combined expertise of regional historians based in the universities of Durham, Newcastle, Northumbria, Sunderland and Teesside. Compulsory modules (120 credits) are offered through a programme of workshops and seminars, covering a wide range of topics including: introduction to information skills; dissertation preparation; research methods in history; IT and history; issues in regional history; approaches to regional history. All modules are assessed by submitted course work. In the final semester students complete a dissertation on their chosen aspect of regional history (60 credits).
Entrance Requirements
A good 2:1 Honours degree in history or a related field. Applicants whose first language is not English require IELTS 6.5, TOEFL 575 (paper-based) or 233 (computer-based), or equivalent.

70. Nigeria: History
In southwest Nigeria two states—Oyo and benin—had developed by the 14th In the Western region, a bloc of the Action Group split off (1962) under SI
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860005.html
in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia
Daily Almanac for
Sep 19, 2005

71. History And Government, Benin. Information About Benin, Complete Guide For Benin
history benin was the seat of one of the great medieval African kingdoms. benin s territory expanded to cover a region between the Niger river delta
http://destinia.com/guide/the world/africa/benin/1-30001-30034/16/en
History and Government, Benin. Tourism guide for Benin, information about Benin, Book online or call home hotels beaches paradores ... guide All about your favorite travel destination: Europe Asia North America South America ... Africa you are in the... Travel guide
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Africa Benin Hotels History and Government - Benin
History : Benin was the seat of one of the great medieval African kingdoms. During the 13th century, the indigenous Edo people were run by a group of local chieftains. However, by the 15th century, a single ruler, known as the oba , had asserted control. Under the dynasty established by Ewuare the Great ? the most famous of the obas ? Benin's territory expanded to cover a region between the Niger river delta and what is now the Nigerian city of Lagos. The obas brought great prosperity and a highly organised state to Benin. They also established good relations and an extensive trade (which included slaves) with the Portuguese and Dutch, who arrived from the 15th century onwards.

72. GWP - West Africa
The regional West African Water Partnership is a privileged forum to meet the Presently, data has been collected from Burkina Faso, benin, Ghana, Niger,
http://www.gwpforum.org/servlet/PSP?iNodeID=134

73. AEGiS: Benin
Information about benin. strengthen national, regional and global structuresand networks for improved monitoring and surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs.
http://www.aegis.com/countries/benin.html
Local time in Porto-Novo:
Facts and Figures
Official Name
Republic of Benin
Capital City Porto-Novo is the official capital; Cotonou is the seat of government.
Languages French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north).
Official Currency CFA Franc.
Ethnic Groups African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500.
Religions Indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%.
Population
Land Area
110,620 sq km (42,710 sq miles).
History Dahomey gained its independence from France in 1960; the name was changed to Benin in 1975. From 1974 to 1989 the country was a socialist state; free elections were reestablished in 1991. UNAIDS Epidemiological
Fact Sheets
[English] [French] Global Surveillance of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a joint effort of WHO and UNAIDS. The UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, initiated in November 1996, guides respective activities. The primary objective of the working group is to strengthen national, regional and global structures and networks for improved monitoring and surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs. For this purpose, the working group collaborates closely with national AIDS programmes and a number of national and international experts and institutions. The goal of this collaboration is to compile the best information available and to improve the quality of data needed for informed decision-making and planning at national, regional and global levels. The Epidemiological Fact Sheets are one of the products of this close and fruitful collaboration across the globe.

74. Abidjan Regional Delegation (Benin, Côte D’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Togo)
Of the countries covered by the regional delegation, benin and Ghana were stablein 1998, while the three others – Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Togo
http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList165/92DFE0149B5C6146C1256B890033
About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page Annual Report Abidjan Regional delegation (Benin, C´te d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Togo)
Of the countries covered by the regional delegation, Benin and Ghana were stable in 1998, while the three others – C´te d’Ivoire, Guinea and Togo – experienced some form of instability or unrest.
Tensions in C´te d’Ivoire
With two years to go before the presidential elections scheduled for 2000, tension was already mounting in C´te d’Ivoire. The government took a number of steps, including measures strengthening the role of the army in maintaining law and order and giving the Head of State greater powers over the postponement or cancellation of the electoral process. The opposition responded by calling on the civilian population to take to the streets in protest. Meanwhile, the military presence was increased in western C´te d'Ivoire, which is traditionally the focal point for opposition to the government and where some 150,000 Liberians had taken refuge.
Guinea affected by Sierra Leone conflict
In 1998, Guinea was involved militarily on two fronts. In June, it sent several hundred troops to Guinea-Bissau to help the government deal with the mutineers, [9] and Guinean forces clashed on several occasions with Sierra Leone rebels along the border in Guinea Foresti¨re. The country also experienced internal tensions linked to the presidential elections in December.

75. Lagos, Regional Delegation (Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo)
Throughout the year the ICRC s regional delegation in Lagos maintained and The benin armed forces expressed their support for the ICRC in its attempts
http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList140/40B68D889CDBEEC5C1256B660059
About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page Annual Report Lagos, regional delegation (Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo)
Introduction
Unrest in Ghana, Nigeria and Togo subsided by the end of 1994, although the root causes of the various political crises remained unresolved. Throughout the year the ICRC's regional delegation in Lagos maintained and strengthened its contacts with the political players in the different contexts. Dissemination of international humanitarian law to security forces remained one of its key activities, with positive developments in all four countries covered. Another priority for the ICRC was to help the region's National Red Cross Societies increase their emergency preparedness.
In view of the complexity of the situation in Nigeria, the ICRC decided to make its regional delegation in Lagos responsible for that country alone as from the beginning of 1995, and to transfer responsibility for Benin, Ghana and Togo to the regional delegation in Abidjan.
BENIN

GHANA

NIGERIA

TOGO

BENIN
The ICRC funded and took part in six seminars on the law of war, attended by 120 officers and 60 non-commissioned officers from the Benin armed forces, the gendarmerie and the police. One of the seminars, in December, concentrated on the obligations and responsibilities of States with regard to the implementation of international humanitarian law. The Benin armed forces expressed their support for the ICRC in its attempts to obtain legislative protection for the red cross emblem.

76. Benin (Africa) Genealogy: Resources For Family History Research
benin (Africa) Genealogy history Culture. Miscellaneous Resources. 007 WebDirectory Genealogy NedGen.com; Adoption Resources
http://www.kindredtrails.com/benin.html
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Start your Genealogy Data CD collection now! Space Benin (Africa) Genealogy FREE 14-Day Access to almost 2 Billion Records @ Ancestry.com Census, Voter and Tax Records Military Records Directories General Resource Links Ethnic Genealogy Resources

77. Footnotes To History- B
benin benin is a region of Nigeria s central coast occupied by the Edo people.Invaded by Biafra in August of 1967, the Edo responded by declaring
http://www.buckyogi.com/footnotes/natb.htm
Babbio see Ossola Bactria - Bactria was a remnant of the conquests of Alexander the Great, located in the area known today as Afghanistan. Ruled and dominated by the descendants of Greek mercenaries, it seceded from the Seleucid Empire in 250 BCE. It managed to outlast every other Hellenic kingdom in the East by over a century, finally succumbing to Scythian invaders in 50 BCE. Badakhshan Bahia, Republic of - In November of 1837, a cabal of discontented army officers and civilian radicals under the leadership of Francisco Sabino took the city of Salvador, the capital of the Brazilian state of Bahia. The revolutionary forces, which became known as the Sabinada, were flooded with mulatto and black volunteers. As these new recruits began agitating for the adoption of their own goals, the Sabinada quickly adopted a strong anti-slavery posture. While the onset of the winter rains prevented campaigning, many of Salvador's landowning aristocracy fled to the hinterlands around the mouth of the Amazon and recruited a mercenary force. A fleet of Brazilian warships also began a blockade of Salvador's harbor. The seige began in earnest in March of 1838, and Sabinada defenses cracked in less than four days. Several hundred Sabinada members, including Sabino, were executed for treason. Baja California see also Lower California th century, and supported them as fellow resisters of U.S. hegemony. He organized an expedition to set up an anarchist commune in Baja California, but was arrested before the declared republic could claim any territory. He died in Fort Leavenworth in 1922, of what was apparently a heart attack.

78. Best Of History Web Sites: Ancient History
Visit Best of history Web Sites for the best Ancient history web sites reviewedand The timelines— accompanied by world, regional, and subregional
http://www.besthistorysites.net/AncientBiblical.shtml
Go to Teaching with Technology
displayMenu(0);
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Tradition and Memory: World Cultures to 1500

A terrific overview of Ancient and Medieval History can be found here as part of an online course, based at Washington State University. The free online resources feature clear and informative lecture notes, maps, a photo gallery, timelines, links to relevant sites, and and a World Civilizations Glossary. Main sections include What is Culture?, The Agricultural Revolution, Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, The Hebrews, Minos and Mycenea, Ancient Greece, Hellenistic Greece, Rome, Early Christianity, Ancient India, Buddhism, Ancient China, Ancient China, Islam and Civilizations in Africa. World Cultures to 1500 explores the factors that come together to create "civilization:" social, political, and economic systems; environmental contexts; the creation of states; and philosophy, technology, and the arts. An introductory-level college course, but online materials are accessible to upper secondary students. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
The Internet History Sourcebooks are wonderful collections of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts for educational use by Paul Halsall of Fordham University. The Internet Ancient History Sourcebook contains hundreds of well-organized sources; the main sections are Human Origins, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, Israel, Greece, Hellenistic World, Rome, Late Antiquity, and Christian Origins. The Ancient History Sourcebook also includes links to visual and aural material, as art and archeology play a prominent role in the study of Ancient history. There are also pages designed specifically to help teacher and students: Ancient History in the Movies, Using Primary Sources, Nature of Historiography, Other Sources of Information on Ancient History, and more.

79. Benin - Art History Online Reference And Guide
benin Your Art history Reference Guide! ArthistoryClub Information Site onbenin Art history, Art history Search Art history Browse Classroom
http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Benin

80. MISSIO IMMACULATAE: Missionary Page Of The Franciscans Of The Immaculate
Shortly after the rise of Ife, the kingdom of benin emerged to the east. The regional power bases of these parties foreshadowed the divisive regional
http://www.marymediatrix.com/mission/kb/kb15/2.shtml
FI MISSION IN NIGERIA List of Articles about Nigerian Mission FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Introduction History Land and Resources
The People
... Culture and Arts FACTS AT A GLANCE Country name:
Federal Republic of Nigeria Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Population: Ethnic groups: more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani
29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% Nationality: Nigerian Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population:57.1%

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