61. 1) Students will discover that the indigenous people had their use of instrumentationas well. Show why the people of Brazil are mostly of African decent. http://banyan.chatham.edu/pti/Contemp_Latin/Biggs_01.htm

The Diversity of Latin American Music and the Musical Influences of Other Regions By Henry L. Biggs Rogers School for the Creative and Performing Arts Overview Curriculum Unit for Middle School General Music Classes: This unit will familiarize middle school students with the music of Latin America, the countries and regions that had an influence on its style of music, and how the change came about. The students will visit the countries of Portugal, Spain, and West Africa. The students will use the library for research projects. Standards and Benchmarks: Arts and Humanities: Standard #1) All students describe the meanings they find in various works from the visual and performing arts and literature on the basis of aesthetic understanding of the art form. Arts and Humanities: Standard #3) All students relate various works from the visual and performing arts and literature to the historical and cultural context within which they were created. Communications: Standard #1) All students use effective research and information management skills, including locating primary and secondary sources of information with traditional and emerging library technologies. The School Setting In my chorus and general music classes, students have the opportunity to sing songs in other languages. Many of them would rather sing in English because it is the familiar. However, as time goes on, they become quite fascinated by what they are hearing and begin to accept it.

62. Sculture Info African art Tribes and sculptures. These states capitalized on trade bothwith peoples of the savanna and, from the late 15th century onward, http://users.telenet.be/african-shop/sculpture-info.htm

Collection Tribes Masks museums ... fairs related articles: Home Up Eastern-Africa Western-Soudan ... American Indians sculptures Guinea-Coast Nigeria Ashanti Art-of-Benin ... African Antiques e-Newsletter Your email address will only be used to notify you about the African Antiques free e-newsletter. You should join if you want to read the last news and learn everything about the new exhibitions African art fairs auctions , buying tips, tribes stolen pieces , interesting opinions, museums , etc.. It will not be used for any other purpose. Discover a new World ! visit our other site and Discover a new World ! visit our other site and BuyAfricanAntiques David Norden Sint-katelijnevest 27 ANTWERPEN-Belgium Tel +32 3 227 35 40 Join our discussion group: Discussions AntiquesAfricaines en Français (100 membres) var site="sm5african" Sculptures and associated arts See also African Tribe info and african people Although wood is the best-known medium of African sculpture, many others are employed: copper alloys, iron, ivory, pottery, unfired clay, and, infrequently, stone. Unfired clay is and probably always was the most widely used medium in the whole continent, but, partly because it is so fragile and therefore difficult to collect, it has been largely ignored in the literature. Join our interesting discussion list (1000 members now): Click to subscribe to AfricanAntiques Small Daima clay figures. Neolitic period.

63. Remnants Of Ritual - The David Gelbard Collection Of African Art And Culture From African masks to African figures, Remnants of Ritual features the DavidGelbard Collection I wonder if an indigenous member of a group could do it. http://www.remnantsofritual.com/dialog.html

Understanding Narrative The Praise Song Cultural Borrowing Objects of Power ... In and Out of Context The second part of this introductory essay consists of conversations between the authors. Bourgeois and Rodolitz have team-taught a web-based course on this subject for more than five years utilizing a dialogue medium that lends itself to immediacy and informality. Essays in the usual sense speak TO the reader; dialogue, however, allows the reader to participate, if only in an imaginary sense. Additionally, in the medium of dialogue, the evolution of thought is more apparent than in an edited essay. Often, the journey to a conclusion is as important as the conclusion itself. The reader is encouraged to join in this ongoing exploration. AB: Why don't we begin by considering a group of related objects, not necessarily related by culture but by function?

64. Carnival Wings Their costumes represent the indigenous people of the Americas , inspired When the african people arrived in the New World, they brought their orishas http://www.latinbeat.co.nz/carnivalwings.html

LatinBeat at the Cuba St Carnival 26 February 2005 LatinBeat's Carnival Components Official Cuba Street Carnival Site Carnival Pictures LatinBeat will be participating in the Cuba Street Carnival Night Parade on Saturday 26 February 2005. And LatinBeat Carnival is all about bringing latin dance, music and energy to the streets of Wellington What is Carnival? LATINBEAT OPENING COMMISSION The LatinBeat component of the Cuba Street Carnival Night Parade 2005 will be opened by The LatinBeat King and Queen of Carnival and the LatinBeat Flagbearers More about the Opening Commission here LATINBEAT RUMBA LatinBeat Rumba will comprise several wings of dancers, covering a wide range of ages and abilities. The dancers will be accompanied by floats and live music from Group Bembe Costumes The rumba costumes are pure Cuban Carnival fantasy. Dance Style Rumba is all about free style rhythm and groove. Keen to find out more about LatinBeat Rumba’s plans for Carnival 2005? Check out our Rumba Costumes and Floats here LATINBEAT SALSA LatinBeat Salsa has been dancing salsa in the Cuba Street Carnival Night Parade for a few years now.

65. Para Tours The treaty was an attempt by Portugal to consolidate its African empire andprotect it from further the indigenous people of Cabinda’s jungle interior. http://www.cabinda.net/mercenary.htm

An account of an American mercenary in the service of Chevron-Texaco in Cabinda during is 3 months professional paid job as a mercenary, (Paid to kill for profit, for this ex-us military, human life is just a commodity by Rob Krott Have gun will travel, a low life paid mercenary It's largely inactive and lingers on the periphery as a threat to Angola's national security. "That's what one learned analyst says about the resistance freedom fighters in the occupied nation of Cabinda. It may be an accurate analysis but when you're up close and personal with them on the ground and the tracers are flying it's a different story. A largely active resistance force is akin to being "kind of pregnant." Angolan Weapons Black Gold Cabinda City Negotiations resulted in further setbacks for the hard-line advocates of Cabindan independence. Luanda granted an unofficial amnesty in 1983 and in 1985 the government signed a cease-fire agreement and began further negotiations. President Dos Santos recently initiated a limited autonomy plan and an economic aid package which increases the share of Angola’s oil revenues spent on Cabinda from 1 percent to 10 percent; still but a drop in the huge oil bucket. Cabindans are skeptical of Luanda’s offers of autonomy they’ve heard it all before. FLEC wants nothing to do with such a stopgap measure. They want it all. Whether it’s altruistic regional economics or blatant self-centered greed, well, I don’t know ... or as they say in Portuguese "No se."

66. Angola : Geography, People, Politics, Government, Economy, Transport Angola Geography, People, Policy, Government, Economy, Communication, Southern africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/infopays/wfb.php3?CODEPAYS=AGL

67. Welcome To PulseWave Percussion Groups of people bring a secular version of the music and dance to the streets bembe (bem bey) is the name of a family of rhythms and drums from Nigeria http://www.pulsewave.com/glossary/rhythm_content.html

Glossary of Rhythms Glossary of Instruments Aba Cua (ah bah kwa ) is a rhythm and dance from a men's secret society in Cuba. The music, based in 6 feel, has strong elements of cross and polyrhythm, which add to its mysterious nature. Traditional instrumentation consists of three small single headed drums held on the shoulder and played with one hand, two basket rattles, a bell and one lead drum called bonko (bong koh ) which is the size of a small ashiko. It is held vertically and played with two hands in the same manner as a conga. Aba Cua has strong ties to Rumba Columbia and is sung in an African tongue from a region of Southwest Nigeria. Afoxe' (ah foh shay ) is the common name of a social dance and music from Salvador da Bahia in the northeast of Brazil. The rhythm, which is properly called Ijexa, is from the Afro Brazilian Candomble (kahn dohm bley) tradition. Groups of people bring a secular version of the music and dance to the streets during Carnaval. Afoxe' (or afuche) is the name of a beaded gourd instrument used during parades. The rhythm and dance has became known by the name of the instrument. learn Afoxe' Arara (ah raah raah ) is a music and dance form found in Cuba which is derived from the Fon and Eve (eh veh) culture of Ghana, Togo and Dahomey, now known as Benin. The dances and rhythms are extremely sophisticated and are considered less Creolized than other AfroCuban forms, due to the fact that the Arara slaves were brought to Cuba quite late in the history of colonialism. Arara music has it's own particular drums which are carved from logs and have a peg tuning system. The drums are played with sticks, stick and hand, and hands.

68. World Atlas Angola, Africa, Information Page Location, Southern africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and local short form Angola former People s Republic of Angola http://wonderclub.com/Atlas/aocia.htm

World Wonders Atlas Wildlife Celebrities ... South America Angola (Source of information on this page credited to the CIA's - The World Factbook Background: Angola Geography Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S, 18 30 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: sq km Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries: total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 220 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km Coastline: 1,600 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean m highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m

69. Congo, Republic Of The UNHCR reported that all Central African Republic refugees had returned home by indigenous People. The Constitution prohibits discrimination based on http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27722.htm

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Releases Human Rights Africa Congo, Republic of Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004 The Republic of Congo The security forces include the police, the Gendarmerie, and the armed forces; however, the functional distinction between these forces is not always clear. In theory, the police respond first to security incidents, with gendarmes and army units intervening later if necessary; however, in practice overlapping operations were common. At times, the Government did not have full control over some members or units of the security forces. The Angolan armed forces, under a bilateral agreement to provide security, had departed by year's end. Some members of the security forces committed serious human rights abuses. The economy, which was in transition from a state-directed economy to a market-oriented economy, suffered serious revenue losses by year's end, mostly from a drop in oil prices and in revenue from the non-oil sector. However, oil exports remained the country's main sources of foreign exchange. Approximately 70 percent of the population lived in poverty. Lack of transparency and inefficient government operations hindered rehabilitation and development. In 2002, there were reports that rebel militias under Pasteur Ntumi, known as the "Ninjas," committed serious human rights abuses; however, there were fewer reports after the signing of the March 17 Peace Accord.

70. Angola - Facts indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.) Languages.Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages. Literacy http://www.aneki.com/facts/Angola.html

aneki .com Home Richest Most Populated Largest ... More Lists... World Regions Africa Middle East Europe Asia ... Consulates Resources Quickly find facts and figures for 192 countries with the world almanac tool. Compare any two countries with the country comparisons tool. Explore potential vacation spots with the destination planner. Angola Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational Issues More Angola Information More information about Angola including positions in various world rankings Angola map Angola flag New Additions Countries with the Highest Recycling Rates Countries with the Most Women in Parliament Countries with the Biggest TV Watchers Countries with the Highest Incidence of Lung Cancer ... more lists Most Popular Richest Countries Poorest Countries Countries to have won the most Beauty Pageants Most Expensive Countries to Live in ... more lists

71. Zaire: IRIN Briefing, 1 DEVELOPMENTS DURING SEPTEMBER 1996 On 9 September local people in Uvira town The africa Policy EJournal is a free information service provided by http://www.africaaction.org/docs96/zair9610.1.htm

Home About Us Archives Africa Policy E-Journal Zaire: IRIN Briefing, 1 Programs Baraza Annual Reports Contact Us ... Archives Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Africa Policy E-Journal Any links to other sites in this file from 1996 are not clickable, given the difficulty in maintaining up-to-date links in old files. However, we hope they may still provide leads for your research. The Africa Policy E-Journal is a free information service provided by Africa Action, including both original commentary and reposted documents. Africa Action provides this information and analysis in order to promote U.S. and international policies toward Africa that advance economic, political and social justice and the full spectrum of human rights. Documents previously distributed in the e-journal are available on the Africa Action website: http://www.africaaction.org

72. ASA 2000 Conference On Participating In Development Approaches A good twenty years ago, anthropology became interested in ´indigenous knowledge People in South Kivu easily remember that the Banyamulenge helped the http://www.asa2000.anthropology.ac.uk/poittier/poittier.html

ASA 2000 Conference on "Participating in Development: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge". SOAS, 2-5 April 2000. Draft paper MODERN INFORMATION WARFARE VERSUS EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE: Johan Pottier Anthropology Department SOAS London University Introduction: Anthropology and "Indigenous Knowledge" and extract for use in science. If local knowledge had anything useful to offer, so the reasoning went, it was because science could make use of it. in situ of germplasm. On the other hand, we also know, particularly from experiences in rural development and food security, that powerful processes of disempowerment are as inherently worthless , so worthless they can be appropriated in ways that deny local communities, however defined, the right to grow and experiment with their own food crops (IDRC 1994; Shiva 1992). Today, with accelerated pace, American, European, Japanese and transnational companies are acquiring patents on the properties of staple foods. And there is a continual merging of exceedingly powerful multinational and transnational organisations. The processes of (potential) disempowerment beg the question whether the optimistic approach to understanding hegemony can be sustained. The concerns voiced by African governments and demonstrators at the recent WTO conference in Seattle indicate the seriousness of this issue. The Power of Information Warfare: Rwanda invades Zaire, 1996

73. Angola, Map And Flag africa, Angola Pictures. Angola Photos and Pictures and Forum Introduction Map Geography People Government Economy Communications http://www.greatestcities.com/Africa/Angola.html

login or join GC Web greatestcities.com World Africa Angola Angola info Map Africa, Angola - Pictures Angola Real Estate Bars Restaurants Hotels ... Angola info Angola People - photos and pictures about Angola Angola Journals: jscampb seedsaver hifaz arkadios in Susah View from the boat Mediterranean Sea.... Comment on this Angola Forum Introduction ... Transnational Issue Introduction Angola Background: Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. The death of insurgent leader Jonas SAVIMBI in 2002 and a subsequent cease-fire with UNITA may bode well for the country. Geography Angola Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

74. University Of Georgia Cuba Study Abroad Program the families and mixed together people from the different African ethnic groups M?sica Yoruba ( a recordin on the bembe label) consists entirely of http://art.uga.edu/cuba/html/index.php?cat=4

75. Angola - Wikitravel Location Southern africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia former People s Republic of Angola local long form Republica de Angola http://wikitravel.org/en/Angola

Angola From Wikitravel Angola is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Namibia in the south, Zambia in the east and the Republic of Congo , as well as the Democratic Republic of Congo in the north. Flag Quick Facts Capital Luanda Government republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system Currency 1 kwanza (AOA) = 100 Lwei Area total: 1,246,700 sq km water: sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km Population 10,593,171 (July 2002 est.) Language Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Religion indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Regions 2 Cities 3 Other destinations 4 Understand ... edit Regions edit Cities Luanda the capital of the country Benguela Huambo Lobito Lubango ... edit Other destinations edit Understand A very low percentage of the local population can communicate in English. Traveling in Angola therefore requires a minimum of knowledge of the Portuguese language. Both for the normal traveler on a normal day and for the adventurous or the unlucky. There is little literature on Angola available at all, and most of the available literature is in Portuguese or (in some cases) French.

76. Art/Auctions: African & Oceanic Art Auction At Sotheby's November 11, 2004 of JJ Klejman is Lot 117, a male ancestor figure, Prebembe, Sikasingo. See The City Review article on the Fall 1999 African and Oceanic Art auction http://www.thecityreview.com/f04strib.html

African and Oceanic Art Sotheby's 10:15AM, November 11, 2004 (Lots 1-132) Sale 8029 Lot 22, "Flute-stopper Male Figure," New Guinea, Lower Sepik River, Yuat River, Biwat, 18 ½ inches high By Carter B. Horsley Once again Sotheby's has put its Pre-Columbian Art auction into the same catalogue as its African and Oceanic Art auction. See the separate article on the Pre-Columbian Art auction that occurs at 2PM November 11, 2004. This morning auction November 11, 2004 at Sotheby's of African and Oceanic Art is highlighted by a spectacular flute-stopper from New Guinea, a magnificent Yoruba Ram's Head Altarpiece, an impressive Benin bracelet, and a Kongo power figure. Oceanic Art Lot 22 is a magnificent flute-stopper in the form of a male figure with a fabulous feathered headdress from the Lower Sepik River, Yuat River, Biwat region of New Guinea. According to the catalogue entry for this lot, the Biwat carved "elaborate sacred flutes, haiyang, sometimes up to eight to ten feet in length." "Aggressively stanced figures such as this," it continued, "were inserted at the top of the flute when not it use. It was these flutes which the Biwat themselves considered their most important and sacred objects. Their social, ceremonial and religious significance was tremendous. Although several cults existed, these figures are often considered to be the children of the mother crocodile spirit, a powerful being that performed creative deeds in primeval times and let initiates be reborn by symbolically swallowing and throwing out the candidates."

77. CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Political Pressure Groups And Leader Bolivia, Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions; Nigeria,Niger Delta People s Volunteer Force or NDPVF Mujahid Dokubo ASARI; http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/fields/2115.html

Field Listing - Political pressure groups and leaders Home Reference Maps Appendixes Country Political pressure groups and leaders Afghanistan Jamiat-e Islami (Society of Islam) [former President Burhanuddin RABBANI]; Ittihad-e Islami (Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan), [Abdul Rasul SAYYAF]; there are also small monarchist, communist, and democratic groups Albania Confederation of Trade Unions of Albania or KSSH [Kastriot MUCO]; Front for Albanian National Unification or FBKSH [Gafur ADILI]; Omonia [Jani JANI]; Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim KALAJA] Algeria The Algerian Human Rights League or LADH or LADDH [Yahia Ali ABDENOUR]; SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR]; Somoud [Ali MERABET] American Samoa NA Andorra NA Angola Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE] note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province Anguilla NA Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]

78. Christian Response-ABILITY About Angola Location Southern africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, Religionsindigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.) http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/umwtest/globalhealth-yth/cdrom/geography/angola.htm

Angola Bolivia Brazil Dominican Republic ... United States Angola Angola Introduction [Top of Page] Background: Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. Geography [Top of Page] Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S, 18 30 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: sq km Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries: total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 220 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

79. CD Baby: WORLD: African - Music You Will Love. KABIOSILE Bata y bembe de Matanzas la presentación de un Iyawo de Chango The music of Rasheed Ali and Rain People heats up the exciting African http://www.cdbaby.com/style/159/all

WORLD: African Go back to the main page for African ABDOULI DIAKITE : JebeBara - The Bamana Djembe Traditional West African djembe drumming with two grandmasters of the djembe. The CD was recorded live in West Africa. This CD is a goldmine of information for the djembe enthusiast. ADAAWE : Six Women Strong ADAM SOLOMON : Safari World beat, afro pop dance music, high energy with drumming hot feelings good for your spirit ADAM SOLOMON : "Rocket Express II " African Renaissance Blues African Renaissance Blues / wicked guitar style, origin roots of the delta blues / blues like Ali Farka Toure's AFRICAN GOSPEL RHYTHMS : Project Maine African Gospel Rhythms "Project Maine" CD represents a blending of cultures, musical styles and has brought a spirit of praise and worship from Africa to Maine. Many of the songs on the CD are traditional songs from Zambia, Rwanda, Zimbabwe and Congo. AFRIKA : Song of the Tribal Spirit AFRIKA HEARTBEAT : Ijinle Ilu Driving, compelling traditional African music AFRO-RHYTHMS DRUMMERS : Pat Funderburg's Exercise to Afro-Rhythms High energy exercise with African rhythms AFROBEAT DOWN : Lamp of the Body Afrobeat Music. A Fusion of African Rhythms with 70's American Jazz / Funk. Heavy Rhythms that make want to move.

80. Angola Introduction Geography People Government Economy Communications TransportationMilitary Location, Southern africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, http://www.economist.com.na/facts/sadc/geos/ao.html

Home SADC Info African Nations Years of Independence Angola Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational Issues Angola Introduction Top of Page Background: Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. Angola Geography Top of Page Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S, 18 30 E

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