41. Sudan - The Muslim Peoples Sudanese saw the Jaali as primarily indigenous peoples who were gradually Living in Sudan in 1990 were nearly a million people of West African origin. http://countrystudies.us/sudan/38.htm

The Muslim Peoples Sudan Table of Contents Arabs In the early 1990s, the largest single category among the Muslim peoples consisted of those speaking some form of Arabic. Excluded were a small number of Arabic speakers originating in Egypt and professing Coptic Christianity. In 1983 the people identified as Arabs constituted nearly 40 percent of the total Sudanese population and nearly 55 percent of the population of the northern provinces. In some of these provinces (Al Khartum, Ash Shamali, Al Awsat), they were overwhelmingly dominant. In others (Kurdufan, Darfur), they were less so but made up a majority. By 1990 Ash Sharqi State was probably largely Arab. It should be emphasized, however, that the acquisition of Arabic as a second language did not necessarily lead to the assumption of Arab identity. Despite common language, religion, and self-identification, Arabs did not constitute a cohesive group. They were highly differentiated in their modes of livelihood and ways of life. Besides the major distinction dividing Arabs into sedentary and nomadic, there was an old tradition that assigned them to tribes, each said to have a common ancestor. The two largest of the supratribal categories in the early 1990s were the Juhayna and the Jaali (or Jaalayin). The Juhayna category consisted of tribes considered nomadic, although many had become fully settled. The Jaali encompassed the riverine, sedentary peoples from Dunqulah to just north of Khartoum and members of this group who had moved elsewhere. Some of its groups had become sedentary only in the twentieth century. Sudanese saw the Jaali as primarily indigenous peoples who were gradually arabized. Sudanese thought the Juhayna were less mixed, although some Juhayna groups had become more diverse by absorbing indigenous peoples. The Baqqara, for example, who moved south and west and encountered the Negroid peoples of those areas were scarcely to be distinguished from them.

42. Profile Of The Beja People Of Sudan, Eritrea And Egypt They are the indigenous people of this area, and we first know of them in The total number of all beja people in Eritrea speaking beja or Tigre appears http://orvillejenkins.com/profiles/beja.html

Profiles Menu Orville Jenkins Home People Profile The Beja Religion : Islam Population NARRATIVE PROFILE Location : The name Beja is applied to a grouping of Muslim peoples speaking dialects of a Cushitic language called Beja, and living in Sudan, Eritrea and Egypt. They are traditionally pastoral people whose territory covers some 110,000 square miles in the extreme northeast of Sudan. History : Many scholars believe the Beja to be derived from early Egyptians because of their language and physical features. They are the indigenous people of this area, and we first know of them in historical references in the Sixth Dynasty of ancient Egypt. Over the centuries, they had contact and some influence from Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Turks. A few Beja became Christians in the sixth century. The southern Beja were part of the Christian Kingdom of Axum centered in what is now southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. Although never completely conquered by a foreign power, the Beja in the 15th century were absorbed into Islam by marriages and trading contacts with nearby Arab tribes. In the seventeenth century they expanded farther south seeking better pastures and conquering other peoples along the way. By the 18th century, the Hadendowa Beja were the dominant people of eastern Sudan.

43. Issue Paper B3 The right of indigenous peoples to selfdetermination has gained The Bejawere some of the first people to be incorporated into Sudan, centuries ago. http://www.nubasurvival.com/conferences/kampala1/b3.htm

Nuba Survival An impartial and independent organisation dedicated to promoting the cause of the Nuba People of Sudan. HOME BOOKS CONFERENCES FILMS ... SEARCH STEERING COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE TRANSITION IN SUDAN ISSUE PAPER B-3 THE MARGINALISED AREAS OF THE NORTHERN SUDAN AND THE QUESTION OF SELF-DETERMINATION. This paper is based on research by Suleiman Musa Rahhal. Overview The North-South conflict of the Sudan is one of the longest conflicts in Africa and likely to continue into the next century. More recently, the marginalised people in the North joined the armed struggle; creating another conflict in the North, a "North-North" conflict between centre and periphery. The Government in Khartoum and some opposition members within the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) tend to play this down. Northern Sudan is a land of minorities. From the outside it may appear to be a land of Arabs, but closer scrutiny shows a patchwork of literally hundreds of different groups, some of them practically invisible to anyone except the most socially sensitive observer. Today there are eight major groups of marginalised people in the North, including: the Nuba, the South Blue Nile people, the Beja, Darfur, the Nubians, the Baggara, Fallata and Southern/Western displaced peoples settled around major towns and cities. All of these have a different standing with regard to the claim for self-determination. However, because of scope of this paper we will discuss four main groups of marginalised people, all of whom have resorted to armed struggle. These are:

44. What Does US Policy Mean For The Marginalised Areas? the beja Hills in Eastern Sudan and of Darfur in Western Sudan. led to anincrease in the numbers of indigenous African people in the north. http://www.nubasurvival.com/Nuba Vision/Vol 1 Issue 1/8. US policy.htm

Nuba Survival An impartial and independent organisation dedicated to promoting the cause of the Nuba People of Sudan. HOME BOOKS CONFERENCES FILMS ... SEARCH The Nuba Vision Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2001 What Does US Policy for Sudan Mean to the Marginalised Areas? By Suleiman Musa Rahhal In February 2001 the US Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) produced an important report on 'U.S. Policy to End Sudan's War'. Compiled by a panel of experts to inject a new momentum and determination to find a just and lasting peace for Sudan, the report covered most of the underlying causes of the conflict and made some useful recommendations to the new American Administration. However, I believe the policy document falls short in its failure to address the problem of the marginalised people in Northern Sudan, namely the populations of the Nuba Mountains in Central Sudan, the Ingessena Hills in Southern Blue Nile, the Beja Hills in Eastern Sudan and of Darfur in Western Sudan. The document made no reference at all to these regions. All these ethnic groups live in northern Sudan and together outnumber the Arab population. The people of these regions also resorted to armed struggle more than a decade ago. They are fighting for similar causes to the people of Southern Sudan: to achieve freedom, justice, power sharing and the right to their cultural identities.

45. Ancient Egyptians - The Descendents Of Ham They are the indigenous people of this area, and we first know of them in The beja people are an ancient Cushitic people closely kin to the ancient http://www.geocities.com/wally_mo/reference.html

The Descendents of Ham Hamite 1. a descendant of Ham. Gen. 10:1, 6-10. 2. a member of any of various peoples of northern and eastern Africa, usually divided into two branches: 1. Eastern Branch— Ancient and Modern Egyptians (excluding the Arabs), Nubians, Beja, Ethiopians, Oromo (Galla), Afar (Danakil), Somali, Masai, Watusi. 2. Northern Branch— Berbers of the Mediterranean-Atlantic and Sahara, Tibbu, Fulani (Peul), Guanches (extinct). Hamitic The Hamitic subfamily is generally considered to include ancient Egyptian (see Egyptian language) and its descendant, Coptic; the Berber languages; and the Cushitic languages. Ancient Egyptian and Coptic are extinct. Some linguists also place the Chad languages within the Hamitic subfamily. Those Hamitic tongues are or were spoken in N Africa, much of the Sahara, the Horn of E Africa, and parts of central and W Africa. They were named after Ham, the second son of the biblical Noah, whose descendants supposedly were the original speakers of the Hamitic languages. Berbers (?)

46. Eastern Sudan Indigenous Conflict Prevention, Management And Resolution Mechanis conflict prevention mechanisms amongst the beja people in Eastern Sudan how indigenous African cultures and institutions may be more effective than, http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC16315.htm

SEARCH ELDIS Advanced search Help SITE CONTENT Home page What's new Resource guides Web links ... About Eldis CONTRIBUTE Add your research SUBSCRIBE Get news via email Reviewed documents Organisations Eldis is funded by Sida, Norad, DFID and SDC More... Eastern Sudan indigenous conflict prevention, management and resolution mechanisms Exploring alternative conflict prevention mechanisms amongst the Beja people in Eastern Sudan El Amin, K.A. / Institute for Security Studies (ISS), South Africa Violent conflicts can signify not only moments in the continuing process of socio-economic and political change, but also the loosening of cultural traditions, values, customs and norms that for so long have maintained the coherence and stability of local communities. Despite undergoing massive and total socio-economic upheaval, many powerful norms and traditions have survived, and continue to be practised widely all over Africa. This paper deals with the conflict prevention, management and resolution mechanisms the Beja have adopted to resolve different forms of disputes and conflicts. The main thrust of the argument is that, despite socioeconomic and political changes, traditional mechanisms of conflict management among the Beja people of Eastern Sudan have not only shown resilience but have also proved more effective than those provided by the modern state. The paper argues that the persistence of norms and values that support indigenous conflict prevention, management and conflict resolution mechanisms in eastern Sudan provides an example of how indigenous African cultures and institutions may be more effective than, and even superior to, modern state institutions.

47. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Sudan - People More than 2 million people have died, and more than 4 million are internallydisplaced Here the Sudanese practice mainly indigenous traditional beliefs, http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/su/Sudan_people_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Sudan (Notes) Sudan - People (Notes) PEOPLE In Sudan’s 1993 census, the population was calculated at 26 million. No comprehensive census has been carried out since that time due to the continuation of the civil war. Current estimates range to 32 million. The population of metropolitan Khartoum (including Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North) is growing rapidly and ranges from 6-7 million, including around 2 million displaced persons from the southern war zone as well as western and eastern drought-affected areas. Sudan has two distinct major culturesArab and black Africanwith hundreds of ethnic and tribal divisions and language groups, which makes effective collaboration among them a major problem. The northern states cover most of the Sudan and include most of the urban centers. Most of the 22 million Sudanese who live in this region are Arabic-speaking Muslims, though the majority also use a traditional non-Arabic mother tonguee.g., Nubian, Beja, Fur, Nuban, Ingessana, etc. Among these are several distinct tribal groups: the Kababish of northern Kordofan, a camel-raising people; the Ja’alin and Shaigiyya groups of settled tribes along the rivers; the seminomadic Baggara of Kordofan and Darfur; the Hamitic Beja in the Red Sea area and Nubians of the northern Nile areas, some of whom have been resettled on the Atbara River; and the Negroid Nuba of southern Kordofan and Fur in the western reaches of the country.

48. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Sudan - People Facts And Figures Demographic information and statistics on the people of Sudan. Ethnic groups,black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1% http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/su/Sudan_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Sudan (Facts) Sudan - People (Facts) Population: 39,148,162 (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.7% (male 8,730,609; female 8,358,569) 15-64 years: 54.1% (male 10,588,634; female 10,571,199) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 490,869; female 408,282) (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 2.64% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 35.79 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 9.37 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: -0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.2 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 64.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 64.8 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.13 years male: 56.96 years female: 59.36 years (2004 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)

49. CIA -- The World Factbook 2000 -- Ethnic Groups black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%. Suriname Spanish,Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people. Vietnam http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2000/fields/ethnic_groups.html

[Field Listing] The World Factbook Home] Ethnic groups (Country profile category: People) Afghanistan: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania: Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians) (1989 est.) note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization) Algeria: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% American Samoa: Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% Andorra: Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) Angola: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Anguilla: black Antigua and Barbuda: black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian Argentina: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo, Amerindian, or other nonwhite groups 3% Armenia: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia

50. Field - Ethnic Groups - Paraguay Sudan, black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1% Venezuela,Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people http://www.exxun.com/enpp/fd_ethnic_groups_6.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands of windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Notes and Definitions Ethnic groups Fields A B C D ... Z Translation Country Ethnic groups Paraguay mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5% Peru Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% Philippines Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Llocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census) Pitcairn Islands descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian wives Poland Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belarusian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 2.7% (2002 census) Portugal homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal Puerto Rico white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%, Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9% Qatar Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%

51. Dictionary - Ethnic Groups - Amerindian Arab, Sudan, black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1% Venezuela,Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people http://www.exxun.com/enpp/dy_ethnic_groups_4.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands of windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Notes and Definitions Ethnic groups Dictionary A B C D ... Z Translation word Country Ethnic groups Amerindian Paraguay mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian ) 95%, other 5% Amerindian Peru Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% Amerindian Puerto Rico white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%, Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9% Amerindian Saint Vincent and the Grenadines black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian 6%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 7% Amerindian Suriname ... 15%, "Maroons" (their African ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior) 10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2 Amerindian United States white 81.7%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2% (2003 est.) note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included ... Amerindian Uruguay white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%

52. Sudan The Plight of the beja People in Eastern Sudan By Suliman Salih Dirar beja In reference to the indigenous ethnic groups as well as marginalized areas http://www.sudaneseonline.com/cgi-bin/earticle2005/news.cgi?action=view&item=jul

53. Creative Exchange - Contacts project addressing the human rights of indigenous peoples in Bangladesh, She was Director, Research and Policy Programme at the African development http://www.creativexchange.org/html/about/contacts.html

About us Core Values Culture and Development History ... search Contact our team People: Coordinator: Helen G. Gould Board members: Martin Black (Chairman) Philip Baker (Vice-Chairman), Kevin White (Treasurer), Naomi Alexander, Richard Graham, Gwen Vaughan, David Watson, Barbara Zatlokal. Address: We will be moving in Autumn 2005. In the meantime please direct all correspondence to: Business Unit 1, East London Centre, Boardman House 64 Broadway, Stratford, London E15 1NT. Telephone: 020 8432 0550 Email: info@creativexchange.org Web: http://www.creativexchange.org Creative Exchange is a registered charity number 1096765 Creative Exchange is a limited company, number 4646195 Team biographies Helen G. Gould , Coordinator, Creative Exchange , Information Services Editor, Creative Exchange Mary Marsh , Researcher, Routemapping Culture and Development Judy El Bushra , Researcher, Culture and Conflict Transformation Board: Naomi Alexander Phil Baker (Vice Chair) Martin Black (Chair) Richard Graham Gwen Vaughan David Watson Kevin White (Honorary Treasurer) Barbara Zatlokal Helen Gould (Coordinator, Creative Exchange)

54. Black Star Journal: May 23, 2004 indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation The Afrikaaners in SouthAfrica, no. Yes, you may get a few extremists but they are adjusting and they http://popeyeafrica.blogspot.com/2004_05_23_popeyeafrica_archive.html

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=5237946"); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/1.css); Notify Blogger about objectionable content. What does this mean? BlogThis! Black Star Journal Commentary on the news, culture, sports and current events of sub-Saharan Africa from someone who's lived there. (Warning: these essays contain OPINIONS. A spade will be called a spade. If you are looking for objective news resources, email me and I can offer some suggestions.) The author served as a Peace Corps volunteer in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa. All essays are available for re-print, with the explicit permission of the author. Contact him at popeyeckn@yahoo.com Thursday, May 27, 2004 Ten stories the world should hear more about With the world's focus on Iraq and its perpetual obsession with Israel-Palestine, it's easy to forget that those aren't the only two things going on in the world. But the UN News Center offers its list of ten stories the world should hear more about Child soldiers in Uganda Turbulence in the Central African Republic AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa Demands for peacekeeping stretch UN resources Post-civil war rebuilding Tajikistan Women as peacemakers Persons with disabilities fight for equality The Bakassi Peninsula Overfishing and its threat to marine biodiversity Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation

55. Sudanreeves.org The indigenous peoples of these regions along the historic northsouth borderidentify themselves as “African” and have long been allied militarily, http://www.sudanreeves.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=p

56. POLITICS-SUDAN After 21 Years Of Fighting, The Nuba Feel Betrayed indigenous peoples DAY New Universities for a Multicultural Mexico POLITICSUSA Holy Trinity of Church, Boardroom and GOP? http://www.ipsnews.net/new_nota.asp?idnews=28176

57. Sudan People Sudan People population, ethnic groups, religions and customs Ethnic groupsblack 52% Arab 39% beja 6% foreigners 2% other 1% http://www.world66.com/africa/sudan/people

Sudan People - population, ethnic groups, religions and customs the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Sudan Sections Sudan Map Sights History ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement People [edit this] [Upload image] Population: 33 550 552 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (male 7 769 266; female 7 449 510) 15-64 years: 52% (male 8 818 018; female 8 778 485) 65 years and over: 3% (male 410 170; female 325 103) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 2.73% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 39.94 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 10.88 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -1.73 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.26 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 72.64 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 55.97 years male: 55 years female: 56.98 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.68 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: Sudanese Ethnic groups: black 52% Arab 39% Beja 6% foreigners 2% other 1% Religions: Sunni Muslim 70% (in north) indigenous beliefs 25% Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum) Languages: Arabic (official) Nubian Ta Bedawie diverse dialects of Nilotic Nilo-Hamitic Sudanic languages English note: program of Arabization in process Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: male:

58. The Official New Sudan Site - Home The indigenous peoples of these regions along the conclusion destruction ofprimarily African peoples in Darfurthrough http://splmtoday.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=417

59. Kush -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article There is also debate over whether the notion of statehood was indigenous orborrowed from the The beja meanwhile were expelled back into the desert. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/K/Ku/Kush.htm

Kush [Categories: Ancient civilizations, Kush] Kush or Cush was a civilization south of (Click link for more info and facts about Ancient Egypt) Ancient Egypt in (An ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile; much of Nubia is now under Lake Nasser) Nubia . Though heavily influenced by Egypt, it was a distinct culture and civilization and is often seen as the first civilization to develop in (The region of Africa south of the Sahara Desert) Sub-Saharan Africa Origins The first developed societies appeared in (An ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile; much of Nubia is now under Lake Nasser) Nubia around the time of the (Click link for more info and facts about First Egyption Dynasty) First Egyption Dynasty . The first known Kushite state was the (Click link for more info and facts about Kingdom of Kerma) Kingdom of Kerma , which appeared c. 2600 BC and at times ruled all of Nubia and parts of Egypt. Because these peoples had no writing and appeared only infrequently in Egyptian accounts, little is known about them. Around 2500 BC, Egyptians began moving south (it is through them that most of our knowledge of Kush comes), but this expansion was halted by the fall of the

60. SudanTribune Article : As They Sign A Peace, Is This The Face Of Yet Another Tra ln December, the beja Congress walked out of the peace talks between the NDA Alex de Waal is a director of Justice africa and author of ’lslamism and http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=8408

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 3     41-60 of 100    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20