61. Princeton Packet OnLine News: Rhythms Of African-inspired Art - How Nigerian Scu A Kpelie mask of the Senufo people of Northern Ivory Coast, West africa, She visited and lived with artists in baule and Senufo, major ethnic groups in http://www.pacpubserver.com/new/news/7-12-00/africanrhythms.html

E-MAIL REPORTER SEND LETTER TO EDITOR Rhythms of African-inspired art How Nigerian sculpture and textiles influence African-American art By Cynthia Cannon Princeton Packet Staff Writer Wednesday, July 12, 2000 Bronze head from Nigeria on African textile. Staff photo by Frank Wojciechowski In her sun-drenched home at Princeton Walk in Kingston, Joan Waite confesses that it is pure pleasure turning 66. During a career of more than 40 years, she fulfilled, and even surpassed her ideal to live to inspire people to try different things they hadn't dared to previously. She is pleased with the results of the project that has occupied the past few decades of her life. Attesting to that are her youthful good looks and abundant energy. The anthropologist has pursued her artistic plight with almost religious zeal, collecting a prodigious and varied amount of African and African-American sculpture and textiles. She takes photos of her pieces to produce colored slides. Joan Waite lives with her collection of African-inspired art. Staff photo by Frank Wojciechowski With a suitcase full of elaborately detailed textiles, slides and well-honed notes, she visits area groups to share her knowledge and interest in African art.

62. New Jersey AAH Curriculum Guide - Unit 1 how African contemporary lifestyles are influenced by indigenous, Islamic, Short, informative anthropological study of African peoples and their http://www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/AAHCG/unit1.html

Table of Contents Unit 2 Unit 1 African Beginnings BACKGROUND The word Africa was used by the ancient Romans to refer to their colonial province in the area that is present-day Tunisia and eastern Algeria. Its possible derivations are the Latin word aprica , meaning "sunny", and the Greek word aphrike , meaning "without cold." Archeological finds suggest that Africa is the cradle of humankind. The earliest fossil remains of humans, however one defines human , have been found in eastern and southern Africa. For example, if being human is defined as bipedality ("walking upright"), then the remains found in Ethiopia in 1974 of a four-million-year-old apelike creature apply. If defined as "making tools" (tools from stones that were sharpened or flattened), then the fossilized remains unearthed in 1986 in Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge are particularly significant. About two million years old, they were those of Homo habilus , the first toolmaker. (Even more recent studies have led to the conclusion that humans first learned to fashion sophisticated tools in Africa, not in Europe, as many experts had thought. These tools, carved from the ribs of large mammals, include double-pointed blades with carved barbs and single points with ridges that could have been used for attachment to spear shafts. They were discovered in Zaire along its border with Uganda and are said to be between 75,000 to 90,000 years old.) If "using fire" defines being human, then the one-million-year-old remains found at Kenya's Lake Turkana of

63. The Centre For Advanced Studies Of African Society In South africa, many people of Khoisan historical descent who have been As a result, indigenous languages ‘are not accorded enough resources to develop http://www.casas.co.za/papers_native.htm

WELCOME SCOPE OF OUR OPERATIONS Khoisan Language Studentship Scholarship Scheme CASAS/IDRC Acacia Project PUBLICATIONS Tinabantu Book Series Monograph Series Occasional Papers ... CONTACT US Last updated: 25.02.2004 GOING NATIVE: Language of Instruction for Education, Development and African Emancipation Kwesi Kwaa Prah. The Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society (CASAS). Cape Town. Keynote Address presented to the Launch Workshop of Language of Instruction in Tanzania and South Africa (LOITASA), Morogoro, Tanzania: 22nd to 24th April 2002 Introduction Table 1 (Education Enrolment for Primary and Secondary Schools Growth Percentages in Selected African Countries; 1960-1983) (1) Country Growth in Primary Enrolments (%) Growth in Secondary enrolments (%) Tanzania 781% 370% Kenya 553% 1988% Zambia 415% 230% Lesotho 204% 96% Zimbabwe 440% 148% Swaziland 382% 145% Botswana 550% 250% Malawi 297% 80% Nyerere provides illustrative figures for Tanzania during its early years of independence. Writing in 1967 in his document Education for Self-Reliance he informs us that:

64. AFRICA MATTERS - Congo Times News It has been estimated that about 1 million people inhabited africa when the emigrants Thus, at the June 1990 Francoafrican summit meeting of La baule http://www.congotimes.com/news/ubbhtml/Forum9/HTML/000251.html

Bilingual Site Site Bilingue The Right Times for a New Emerging Africa Home Editorials Dossiers News ... Congo Times News AFRICA MATTERS profile register preferences faq ... next oldest topic Author Topic: AFRICA MATTERS Mutombo Admin posted 09 March 2005 02:52 AFRICA MATTERS ! References: Catholic Encyclopedia Michael Crichton, Congo, New York: Ballantine Books, 1980) John Reader, Africa a biography of the continent” (New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 1998; originally published in 1997 in London). David Lamb, The Africans, New York: Random House, 1983). George B.N. Ayittey, Africa in Chaos. (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1999); pp.5-6. Peter Schwab, Africa: A Continent Self-Destructs. (New York: Palagrave, 2001); pp.54-55. Johnnie Carson, “Shapping U.S. Policy on Africa: Pillar of a New Strategy” in Strategic Forum N0. 210, September 2004) Ieuan Ll. Griffiths, The Atlas of African Affairs. (2n edition; London and New York: Routledge 1995); pp.144-145. To better understand Africa, we first must overcome two fundamental myths, the climatological myth and the myth of African overpopulation. The myth of bad African environment was well expressed by the British anthopologist John Reader, who despite his rejection of colonial scholarship, concluded his Biography of the African continent with the following myth:

65. African Art: Aesthetics And Meaning The baule believe that before people are born into this world they have a The decorative features of West African heddle pulleys devices that hold http://www.lib.virginia.edu/clemons/RMC/exhib/93.ray.aa/Exhibition.html

The Exhibition SOWEI MASK Mende, Sierre Leone and Liberia Wood Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Klaus, 1981.43.1 CHI WARA HEADRESS (male) Bamana, Mali Republic Wood, metal, threads To the Bamana people, farming is the most important and noblest profession. At planting time, men of the Chi-Wara association of farmers dance with headresses like these in the fields to honor Chi- Wara, the mythical "farming animal" that taught agriculture to the ancestors of the Bamana. The headdresses, always danced in male and female pairs, depict the antelope-like Chi-Wara and display the ingredients of successful cultivation. The long horns of the male Chi Wara stand for the tall growth of millet; the penis signifies the rooting of this grain. The long ears refer to the cultivators' listening to the songs sung by women who encourage the men while they work in the fields; the open, zigzag pattern in the neck symbolizes the sun's path along the horizon between the two solstices. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Edward G. Lanpher, 1979.40.l CHI WARA HEADRESS (female) Bamana, Mali Republic

66. Antiques, Regional Art, African On Trocadero Antiques, Regional Art, African offered for sale on Trocadero internet antique My understanding of this type of Tribal baule figure is that it was http://www.trocadero.com/directory/Antiques:Regional_Art:African.html

Home Join Shops Map ... Help Antiques, Fine Art, Collectibles, Gifts Personalized Storefronts Directory Antiques Regional Art : African advanced search SUBCATEGORIES Artifacts Sculpture Textiles Weapons ... Artifacts Pre 1900: item #449165 click for details Indigenous Fine Arts Truly an excellent example of the metal trade 'currency' used in sub-Saharan Africa before the widespread acceptance of European denominations. Created from iron, this design takes its inspiration from a hoe or spade used by farmers. Solely created to make major purchases (i.e.livestock, a bride, freedom for someone etc.),it could be melted down or reformed for other usage. Cameroon/Nigeria, ca. 19th century. In fine condition. 17.50"H. MASAI SEME LION KNIFE Antiques Regional Art African ... Weapons Pre 1900: item #448770 click for details BYGONE TRADING A Masai seme or lion knife minus its leather sheath.skin on wood hilt blade pitted in places but other wise in good condition.blade 40cm overall 55cm. Benin Ivory Carving of Warrior Antiques Regional Art African Pre 1910: item #448630 click for details Tel. 410-225-2727

67. African Tribes african tribe list. africanpeople Ashanti Art-of-Benin Gabon Bambara Baga baule Benin Bronze Bidyogo Bakota Daima-Sao Dan-Ngere http://users.pandora.be/african-shop/tribe_info.htm

Collection Tribes Masks museums ... fairs related articles: Home Site map African tribes Auctions Fairs masks statues bookmarks 10 buying tips ... African Antiques e-Newsletter Your email address will only be used to notify you about the African Antiques free e-newsletter. You should join if you want to read the last news and learn everything about the new exhibitions African art fairs auctions , buying tips, tribes stolen pieces , interesting opinions, museums , etc.. It will not be used for any other purpose. Discover a new World ! visit our other site and Discover a new World ! visit our other site and BuyAfricanAntiques David Norden Sint-katelijnevest 27 ANTWERPEN-Belgium Tel +32 3 227 35 40 Join our discussion group: Discussions AntiquesAfricaines en Français (100 membres) var site="sm5african" African tribes in African art. Central Africa South Africa East Africa West Africa ... Yoruba-Ife ADVERTISEMENT: Organized Travels. Discover new Worlds!

68. The Blacksmith's Art From Africa Many traditional people living in africa consider red iron oxide, Indigenousterminology used during the event related the process to bodily functions http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=363

69. UNIDO - West African Textiles Focus For Global Markets an African woman The skilful West African fabric makers and decorators are theinheritors bullet checking ruralurban migration; developing indigenous http://www.unido.org/en/doc/3706

// please send spam mail to dave_null@unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION advanced search Contact Employment Publications ... MEMBER STATES ONLY NEW Recent Updates FIND RELATED .... UNIDO Documents Documents for this Country UNIDO Services Main Site : UNIDO Content UNIDO: View Document 3706 (English) [You prefer English change language ] [This document is available in English West African textiles focus for global markets Table of Contents Sub-Saharan Africa: encouraging performance Developed by African themselves, Africa needs... New Vision, New Strategies Meeting African Leaders Major initiatives in Africa ... Drumbeats Newer Editions Nov-1999 Jul-1999 May-1999 Dec-1998 ... Nov-1998 Past Editions The skilful West African fabric makers and decorators are the inheritors of textile traditions which rank among the world's oldest and most appealing to contemporary tastes. The exquisite weavings of such master practitioners of the treadle-loom craft as the Peul, the Dogon and other peoples living in the Niger Basin, the intricate calligraphy of the Malian bogolan, the riotous colours and ingenious patterns of the tie-dyed and resist-printed fabrics of Africane Malink© of Guinea and western Mali and the Baule of C´te d'lvoire all display aesthetic merits of universal appeal. These merits have long been a certainty in the minds of museum curators and private collectors as well as a source of lucrative inspiration for fashion designers and interior decorators in countries far from Africa's shores.

70. Richard Faletti Family Collection On Tribalarts.com Richard Faletti Family Collection of fantastic African art, with AfricanFaces, African Figures The Arman Collection; baule African Art/Western Eyes; http://www.tribalarts.com/people/previous/faletti/

TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... GALLERIES The Richard Faletti Family Collection by Ryann Willis The art of Africa enjoyed a period of great popularity on the international art market in the 1980s. Of the important collections that were compiled during that decade, many have become well known, and the collectors who formed them have often become important supporters of public museum collections, contributing time, objects and financial support to institutions that might otherwise have less active resources. Among these is Richard Faletti, whose energy for collecting and institutional involvement seems almost boundless. Despite his new-found enthusiasm, his first attempt at collecting was less than successful. He discovered that a genial merchant near his hotel in Jos had apparent access to tribal artifacts, including two "old" bronze masks and two small stone figures, which he purchased. In Lagos, later in the trip, he purchased two small wooden figures, which he later learned were ibeji. In his words, "One was crudely carved (at this stage I reasoned that badly carved work was really very primitive, and therefore collectible). The other, however, was in my judgment a little masterpiece. This carver knew about volumes and negative space. I still have this ibeji."

71. WRITING ASSIGNMENTS Using the novel and TWO sources of your choice, DESCRIBE indigenous Culture ofthis ethnic African Art; Francis Bebey, African Music A People s Art; http://faculty.uncfsu.edu/doyler/TCHNG/H490Write.htm

WRITING ASSIGNMENTS HIST 490 FALL 2002 I. INDIGENOUS LITERATURE: The Oral Tradition: Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali Using this oral tradition recorded by D.T. Niane and TWO sources of your choice, DESCRIBE the culture of the Mande Speakers at the time of the founding of the Empire of Mali. Use the culture in which Sundiata was born, at Niani in the Kingdom of Kangaba looking for the following: Language, government, religion, education, maintaining any type of records of the past, environmental effects on culture, art, music, literature, and Moral Values that might include reverence for elders, truth, beauty, loyalty, bravery, sympathy, kindness, hospitality, and whatever else you see within the document. Use the two sources of your choice to try to VERIFY the cultural statements that you make based upon the oral tradition. Also include any observations you have on the accuracy of the oral tradition or comparisons to culture today in the area. II. MODERN LITERATURE: A. Literature in French: Dark Child: An Autobiography Camara Laye writes in French about life in Guinea at the time of colonization. Using the novel and TWO sources of your choice, DESCRIBE indigenous Culture of this ethnic group in terms of the following:

72. Remnants Of Ritual - The David Gelbard Collection Of African Art And Culture From African masks to African figures, Remnants of Ritual features the On the other hand, the baule people make images of socalled spirit mates (figs. http://www.remnantsofritual.com/dialog.html

Understanding Narrative The Praise Song Cultural Borrowing Objects of Power ... In and Out of Context The second part of this introductory essay consists of conversations between the authors. Bourgeois and Rodolitz have team-taught a web-based course on this subject for more than five years utilizing a dialogue medium that lends itself to immediacy and informality. Essays in the usual sense speak TO the reader; dialogue, however, allows the reader to participate, if only in an imaginary sense. Additionally, in the medium of dialogue, the evolution of thought is more apparent than in an edited essay. Often, the journey to a conclusion is as important as the conclusion itself. The reader is encouraged to join in this ongoing exploration. AB: Why don't we begin by considering a group of related objects, not necessarily related by culture but by function?

73. RAND AFRICAN ART - HOME PAGE an African oliphant or African trumpet, a nice baule monkey figure also known Ibeji twin figure and information on the Yoruba people and a link to a http://www.randafricanart.com/index1.html

I have recently done quite a bit of redesign on my website to reduce the length of some of my pages, give them better structure, or at least make them easier to view. The pages that have had the most changes are this page, my Educational Resources page and my Favorite Links page. Kota A frican cups and boxes Click on any image or link below the image to go to the pages for the items from that group of people If this is your first time to my website, or if you have never read it before you explore my website I would like to ask you to read " My statement on my site, my collection and my collecting philosophy " Moba tchitcheri Bamileke = new items added L obi Fang Akan/ ... Misc collections/items Items from my collection are generally not for sale. Items that are for sale are listed towards the bottom of this page in the link "ITEMS FOR SALE" or click here to go to the items for sale page. My site was developed to be viewed at a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher (1152 x 864 is optimal). If your monitor is set for a lower resolution my site will not be able to be viewed as it was intended. According to the statistics for my site, 82% of the visitors to my

74. Ch03 In the West African compound farm, the tree component includes oil palm, This palm is indigenous to the entire humid tropical zone of Central and Latin http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80364e/80364E03.htm

Contents Previous Next Tree crop farming in the humid tropics: Some current developments G.A. Watson IDRC Consultant, Sussex, England Abstract Tree crop farming systems in the humid tropics are in an active state of development In Sri Lanka, Nigeria, and Latin America attention is being devoted to improvement of traditional tree food crops. In larger-scale rubber and oil palm cultivation monoculture is still the norm, but in the smallfarmer sector there is increased interest in intercropping with food crops In coconut, the introduction of high-yielding hybrids, complemented by the development of multicropping systems, is leading to a major upward revision of this crop's potential. Studies of taungya farming have confirmed the value of food cropping in young forest tree crops So far research has concentrated on the commodity crops and many lessons have been learned which could be applied in the future development of agro-forestry. Introduction Spurred by increasing social, population, and economic pressures, tree crop farming systems in the humid tropics are in a state of very active development. In the commodity sector, rubber, oil palm, coconut, and cocoa plantings are being extended; there is greater use of high-yielding material, more productive methods of management, and shorter replanting cycles, together with increased interest in intercropping. In the traditional multicrop farming sector, there are attempts to establish more productive crop mixes, and the improvement and cultivation of food tree crops are being encouraged. So far, the bulk of detailed research on tree crops has been concentrated on commodities, and many lessons have been learned of possible application in the production of forest and food crops.

75. News Large dams have been contributing to create life for millions of people, The appointed chairman, Dr. Kader Asmal of South africa, has repeatedly http://www.icold-cigb.org/newsanglais.html

"Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas" International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) advances the art and science of planning, designing, building, operating and maintaining dams to develop the world's water resources in a technically safe, financially sound and ecologically and socioeconomically sustainable manner. World Bank Board Approves Nam Theun 2 The WWF did find an alternative to electricity from large dams: cycling! Dams reinvented as flood, disaster-prevention saviors (An interesting article from Daily Yomiuri) UN Symposium on Hydropower and substainable development in Beijing Beijing Declaration Dams: essential for the world's future (Comments from C..B. Viotti, President of ICOLD Dams Newsletter issue #4 Dams Newsletter issue #3 Dams Newsletter issue #2 Dams Newsletter issue #1 ... From India (Press Review from Emmanuel Grenier) Memorandum on Kyoto WWF3 Iguassu Press Note Some Photos WCD Report Executive Summary ... Dams : Cornucopia or Disaster ?

76. Spring 2002 Conference Preliminary Program StanfordBerkeley Joint Center for African Studies Annual Conference 2Indigenous Practices in Colonial Contexts ~ LEVINTHAL HALL. Ivy Mills, African http://ias.berkeley.edu/africa/events/SpringConf2003_Stanford.htm

Stanford-Berkeley Joint Center for African Studies Annual Conference Popular Culture in Africa Saturday, April 26, 2003 Stanford Humanities Center 424 Santa Teresa Street Stanford University CONFERENCE PROGRAM Print Program (PDF) Print Program (RTF) All events are free of charge and open to the public. Original call for Papers Maps, Directions and Parking Registration: begins at 8:30AM in Humanities Center Lobby Films: Titles and schedule posted in lobby. PANEL SESSION I: 9:00 - 10:30 1: Education and the Politics of Cultural and Political Change ~ BOARD ROOM Christopher Lee, History, Stanford, Chair Nancy Kendall, Education, Stanford, Aid to Education and its Relation to the Global EFA Movement Amy Ehrlick, Education, Stanford, International Volunteer Aid to HIV/AIDS Education in Namibia Joel Samoff, Center for African Studies, and Bidemi Carrol, Education, Stanford, Aid to Higher Education in Africa Georganne Morin, Education, Stanford

77. Savineau Report Home For over seven months she interviewed, noted and observed people living in theterritories of French West africa, amassing a wealth of detailed information, http://www.hull.ac.uk/savineau/intro.html

C.H. Griffiths, University of Hull INTRODUCTION The French African Empires The western part of French Africa formed a great crescent-shaped swathe of land sweeping from the Saharan dunes of Mauritania in the north-west, eastwards to Chad and down to the heavily-forested regions around the equator. From the early 1600s to the 20th century almost five million square miles of this region were colonised by France . This European nation laid claim to a region fourteen times its own size and then divided it into two colonial empires; the northern zone became known as the federation of French West Africa ( l’Afrique occidentale française ) while in the more southerly equatorial countries became part of French Equatorial Africa ( l’Afrique équatoriale française ) (1) The Savineau Study of French West Africa in the 1930s In October 1937 a woman officer from the Education Department of French West Africa set out from Dakar on a journey. Her mission was to report on how African women and families living in the territories governed by France at that time were experiencing French colonial rule. Producing this report took her into the homes and families of hundreds of women and men living in West Africa at that time on the eve of a Second World War in Europe . She wrote copiously and immediately of what she witnessed during her travels, and the result of her observations are the reports transcribed, translated and presented here on this website, which, as the reader will discover, go far beyond the expected confines of an administrative report penned by a colonial civil servant.

78. THESIS - Chapter I Introduction This may be explained by the impact on indigenous African cultures of the two Some of the most pervasive influences on the Igbo people and their society http://www.ub.uib.no/elpub/1996/h/506001/korieh/chima-Chapter.html

Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background and Objectives 1.2 Theories and Methodology of African Women's history. 1.3 The Setting. 1.3.1 The Igbo- General background: ... 1.5.4 Previous Research 1.1 Background and Objectives The study of women as a vital and autonomous social force, as well as the treatment of their weal and woes as an intrinsic part of overall social dynamics, is a child of very recent birth indeed (Afigbo 1989:7). M. I. Finley (1968:129) drew in the, 'The Silent Women of Rome ', attention to the fact that The Roman World was not the only one in history in which women remained in the background in politics and business'. The women of mid-Victorian England were equally without rights, equally victims of double standards of sexual morality. Equally, they were exposed to risk and ruin when they stepped outside the home and the church. C. Obbo (1980:1) referred to the invisibility of African women in any serious study of history and society; in spite of the fact that anthropology has not been an exclusive male preserve. If the state of African women's studies is as bad as these and other authorities suggest, it is not surprising that even now when the world appears to be waking to its responsibility in this regard, there are still segments of the field which continue to be in a state of some neglect. While topics such as marriage and family, the economic role and political rights of women have received a fair measure of attention, a subject like widowhood practices remains largely neglected. Many of such books have no entry whatever under the term 'widowhood' in their indexes. For the most part what passing references made to the institution are made under such subjects as 'burial' or 'funeral rites' and 'death'.

79. Encyclopedia: Mythology Myths justify the current occupation of a territory by a people, for instance . Bambuti mythology is referring to the mythology of the African Bambuti http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Mythology

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Mythology" also viewed: Mythology List of mythical objects Psychopomp Solar deity ... First man or woman What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Greeklish Gray Davis Georges Cziffra Frenet_Serret formulas ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Mythology Updated 19 days 17 hours 43 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Mythology It has been suggested that Myth be merged into this article or section. ( Discuss For the book by Edith Hamilton, see Mythology (book) The word " mythology ", from the Greek words muthos , meaning a narrative, and logos , meaning a word or argument, literally means the study of myths : stories of a particular culture that it believes to be true and that feature a specific religious or belief system. Mythology is also commonly used to refer to a collection of myths from a particular culture or religion. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Mythology. ...

80. Denis Dutton On Christopher Steiner's African Art In Transit Christopher Steiner’s African Art in Transit (Cambridge University Press, Is ordinary tourist curiosity about how people lead their lives, http://www.denisdutton.com/christopher_steiner_review.htm

Bookmarks Christopher Steiner on African Art Philosophy and Literature Denis Dutton www.denisdutton.com Christopher Steiner tells of an episode he witnessed in an Ivory Coast market place. A young European tourist was examining a Dan mask he was keen to barter for his Seiko watch. “Is the mask really old? Has it been worn?” the tourist wanted to know. Meanwhile, the African trader who was considering the deal was passing the watch among his fellows, trying to make sure that it was authentic. Elsewhere in the same bazaar, tourists eager to buy authentic trade bead necklaces presented another delicious irony. Glass trade beads were introduced into West Africa in the fifteenth century and have since functioned there as a medium of exchange and adornment, peaking in popularity perhaps a century ago. With a few exceptions, however, trade beads would today generally be considered as up-to-date by many African women as gingham dresses would be to Nebraska matrons. As Steiner explains, “although the consumption of European beads has diminished among Africans, trade beads continue to circulate along specialized routes of transnational commerce.... The same beads which for centuries were prized by Africans are now sought by those inhabiting the very shores from which the beads originated” (p. 127). Christopher Steiner’s African Art in Transit (Cambridge University Press, $54.95) is about the misunderstandings and illusions that infect the encounter between African art and western commerce. Other writers, notably

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