41. History And Background Information On Sicily, Italy This operation was to form the plan of action for the battle of hastings against the Roger ll exerted a strong influence over the Meditteranean region; http://www.knowital.com/history/sicily/sicily-history.html

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON SICILY, ITALY Return to main index and accommodation listings HISTORY OF SICILY Lying as it does between Europe and Africa, Sicily, the oft-called 'melting pot of the ancient world', has been touched, changed and marked by a myriad of cultures - first the Greeks and the Romans, then the Arabs and Normans, and finally, the French, Spanish and Italians, all of them contributing to an unparalleled historical legacy. This multi-faceted lineage is evidenced in the fascinating mix of art and architecture - including two of the best-preserved Greek temples in the world - as well as in the mixed appearances of the inhabitants, ranging from the red-haired and blonde and blue-eyed Norman descendants, to the dark-eyed Mediterranean natives. A human skull found near Agrigento was dated to over half a million years old years old, and, at the time of its discovery, was the oldest complete human skull ever found in Europe. Cave paintings found in the Addaura Cavern, beneath the slopes of Mount Pellegrino near Palermo , have been dated to 8000 BC, and suggest that the Neolithic culture that eventually emerged here was quite similar to those of central and western Europe. At around 5000 BC, the Siculi and Sicani cultures (that gave the island its name) were developing, and, at around 900 BC the Phoenicians began to colonise the area, founding Carthage in North Africa and Mozia, Solunto and Palermo in Sicily.

42. SCORE History/Social Science: Browse Resources By Title battle of hastings. http//battle1066.com/. Rating 1, Awesome! Virtual Projects Field Trips This Month in history Online News Sources http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/resources/titles/?c=B

43. The History Of Bayeux Tapestry You may have heard of it, but do you know the history of the bayeaux tapestry . know that it is a cartoontype picture story of the battle of hastings. http://ohoh.essortment.com/historybayeuxt_rlyi.htm

The history of Bayeux tapestry You may have heard of it, but do you know the history of the bayeaux tapestry... Everyone has heard of the Bayeux tapestry, and most people know that it is a cartoon-type picture story of the Battle of Hastings. That is probably all that most people do know about Bayeux, however. If so, they are missing out on a very lovely French town with a great deal of history and much to offer the tourist. Bayeux has a very long history, and was quite a venerable town even when the Bayeux tapestry was made, nearly a millennium ago. Ptolomy mentions it around 120BC as an important market place. It was also nearby a place holy to the druids. Excavations have suggested that Bayeux was an important town under the Romans and under the Saxons. Its inhabitants suffered under the Viking Conquests of the 9th century. However, the Viking conqueror of the region married the daughter of the local noble, establishing a dynasty that led to the birth of William the Conqueror and, by descent, of the Kings of England for 150 years. Despite the popularity of Scandinavian religious worship, because of the number of conquering Vikings who remained in the area, Christianity eventually gained hold here as in the rest of France, leaving important buildings behind for the modern tourist. The Bayeux Tourist Information Office is located in one of the few authentic half-timbered houses remaining intact in Bayeux. These beautiful buildings are found all over Normandy and Brittany, the styles differing slightly from one location to the next. Depending on which town they are found in, these buildings may have wonderful carvings on the timbers themselves, or attached to them. One such building in Bayeux is the Grand Argouges Residence, which has carvings of the Virgin Mary and assorted saints all over its frontage.

44. York -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article York is renowned for its history, which is preserved in its architecture. he defeated Harold II at the battle of hastings in 1066 and introduced many http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/y/yo/york.htm

York [Categories: York, English county towns, Cities in Yorkshire, Cities in England, North Yorkshire, Local government districts of North Yorkshire] This article is about the English city. For other meanings, see (Click link for more info and facts about York (disambiguation)) York (disambiguation) City of York Geography Status: Unitary, City (The extended spatial location of something) Region (Click link for more info and facts about Yorkshire and the Humber) Yorkshire and the Humber Ceremonial County: (A county in northern England) North Yorkshire (A particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)) Area - Total (Click link for more info and facts about Ranked 166th) Ranked 166th (Click link for more info and facts about 271.94) Admin. HQ: York (Click link for more info and facts about ONS code) ONS code Demographics ((statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn) Population - Total (2003 est.) (The amount per unit size) Density (Click link for more info and facts about Ranked 77th) Ranked 77th Ethnicity: 97.8% White

45. Reader's Companion To Military History - - William I (the Conqueror) In the battle of hastings (October 14, 1066) William himself came close to death, Harrying of the North —the systematic ravaging of an entire region, http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_058200_williami.htm

Entries Publication Data Maps Contributors ... World Civilizations Reader's Companion to Military History William I (the Conqueror) Norman King of England An illegitimate son—hence known to contemporaries as William the Bastard—William was just a boy when he succeeded his father as duke of Normandy in 1035 (see Normans ). His first achievement was to survive. He was nearly overwhelmed by a coalition of Norman rebels, and he owed his victory at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes (1047) to aid from King Henry I of France. But in the 1050s King Henry switched sides and led several invasions of Normandy in support of rebels or in alliance with Count Geoffrey Martel of Anjou. In this hard school William learned the basic arts of war, capturing castles by blockade and defending his territory by shadowing and harassing invading armies. Battle of Hastings (October 14, 1066) William himself came close to death, but in the end it was Harold who was killed. William then seized Dover before embarking on the destructive march that soon brought the remaining English leaders to recognize him as king (December 1066). But it was to take another five years to complete the conquest in the teeth of a widespread, if ill-coordinated, resistance movement. As his castle-building program shows, his strategic priority was to control the major towns and the roads between them. He judged successfully when to be merciful and when to be ruthless. Where resistance burned most fiercely, in the north, he adopted the sternest method, the 1069-1070 "Harrying of the North"—the systematic ravaging of an entire region, turning it into a wasteland and forcing its population to flee or starve.

46. Real HISTORY OF NORMANDY The region situated around the valley of Seine, very ancient commercial axis, He became king of England owning to the battle of hastings, in 1066. http://hordaland.kulturnett.no/tema/Internasjonalt/normandie/5 The real history

HISTORY OF NORMANDY * Normandy is a province of the ancient France, situated between Brittany and Picardie, and today shared between the High-Normandy to the east and Low-Normandy westward. * The region situated around the valley of Seine, very ancient commercial axis, were populated by many gallic tribes. In 56 before J-C, the victory of Cesar allowed their incorporation to the province of Lyon. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Normandy belonged to the kingdom of Syagrius, then to the Neustrie. Very early christianized (3rd century), Normandy gave birth to many abbeys and monasteries during the old Middle-ages, like Jumieges or the Mont Saint-Michel. The province received its historical identity during the invasions of the Normans (Danish, Norwegians), that gave it their name. In 911, by the treaty of Saint-Clair sur Epte, the king of France Charles the Simple, to avoid disturbances, decided to give them the country, in exchange for accepting leadership of the french king. He negociated with their chief Rollon, that had to be baptized, on the region of Rouen, Normandy then constituting in dukedom. The dukedom spread to the west, and its scandinavian population integrated gradually to the frank world. The duke Richard 1 st pushed the accession of Capetiens to the throne of France (987). In the 10

47. The Cotswold HyperGuide - History And Lore You can see four thousand years of history and slow change in the Cotswold landscape . of the Saxon kingdom of Britain at the battle of hastings in 1066. http://www.digital-brilliance.com/hyperg/history/

Cotswold History and Lore Index Introduction Neolithic and Bronze Age Cotswolds Iron Age Cotswolds Roman Cotswolds ... Index to Cotswold HyperGuide History Pages The picture to the right shows a detail from a reconstruction of the historic Battle of Tewkesbury held each year in July on the commons by Tewkesbury Abbey. Introduction Those of us who learned our history at school were taught about kings and queens and invasions and battles. Archaeology tells a different story. The current archaeological picture of the Cotswolds stresses continuity, not sudden change. The Romans did not replace the Iron Age Celts in Britain, and neither did the Saxons. Culture did not end when the Romans left Britain, and the Dark Ages were anything but dark for those alive at the time. The Roman villas in the Cotswold area were built from the distinctive local stone and were not so very different in size or purpose from the great manor houses which still stand. Change was slow and continuous. The person sitting in the big house might speak Norman French instead of Saxon, and the Saxon abbot in the local abbey might be replaced by a Norman abbot when he died, but the people on the land stayed the same and continued to do what they had continued to do for centuries. Back to the Index Neolithic and Bronze Age Cotswolds The Neolithic period spans from about 4000BC to 2000BC. Neolithic remains are very visible in the Cotswolds in the form of 70 or so

48. BUBL LINK: British History - General Also contains a British history and Arthurian timeline. Includes maps anddocumentation about the battle of hastings, previously unpublished letters of http://bubl.ac.uk/link/b/britishhistory-general.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z British history - general Titles Descriptions Britannia History British Pathe Concise History of the British Newspaper Since 1620 England: Cultural Page ... Spartacus Internet Encyclopedia: Encyclopaedia of British History 1700-1950 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Britannia History Variety of resources covering several periods of British history. Includes biographies of Great Scots, historical maps, information about British monarchs and historical documents such as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Also contains a British history and Arthurian timeline. Author: Britannia Internet Magazine Subjects: british history - general DeweyClass: Resource type: biography, magazine British Pathe British Pathe is one of the oldest and most notable media companies in the world, producing famous bi-weekly newsreels and cinemagazines from 1902 onwards. This resource offers access to over 3,500 hours of video footage drawn from the British Pathe newsreel collection downloadable free of charge. Users can browse the collection by themed categories or use the advanced search tools allowing searches to be conducted by film characteristics such as film type, decade of release, period, and keywords. Requires Windows Media 8. Author: British Pathe Subjects: british history - general, film production, film studies

49. History Of The Hastings & Prince Edward Regiment Militiamen from the Quinte region formed the 39th, 80th, 136th, 155th, The Regiment earned twenty more battle Honours at fearful cost. http://www.theregiment.ca/hphist.html

Regimental History The United Empire Loyalists who settled in the county of Hastings and Prince Edward organized the first local Militia units for self-defense. The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment is the modern descendant of those Militia units... 1800 Col. A Macdonnell forms the 1st Regiment of Prince Edward Militia. Col. J Ferguson forms the 1st Regiment of Hastings Militia. The above Regiments provided units which served in the War of 1812 and the McKenzie Rebellion of 1837-8. During the 1860's, time of the Fenian threat, the Canadian Government authorized the formation of new independant infantry companies. 1862 In December, LCol. Ponton gathered together a number of these infantry companies in Belleville. 1863 In January those infantry units were formed into the 15th Argyllshire Light Infantry. 1863 1st Prince Edward was re-designated the 16th Battalion of Volunteer Militia (Infantry) of Canada and then redesignated... 1867 16th Prince Edward Battalion of Infantry

50. About The UK - Geography, Population, History, Climate Geography, Population and history. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Duke William of Normandy defeated the English at the battle of hastings and http://bhc.britaus.net/About_the_UK/aboutukdefault.asp?id=65

51. 400-1294AD The Last Nomadic Challenges From Chinggis Khan to Timur, history 14th October,at the battle of hastings, King Harold was defeated by his rival for the http://sharpgary.org/400-1294AD.html

Home or 2005 Onward Year Locale Event Social Effects Source England Britain's Grains thrive Sold to European Continent/Local Famines England Trager Florence Renaissance End of Medeival Period Trager Holland Severe Flooding - O.Pettersson London Smog due to Coal burning Rats thrive/Plague endemic Trager China Era of Division (220- 589 C.E.) the period of political disunity, the Confucian bureaucracy lost its primacy, aristocratic elites regained temporary dominance, and Buddhism entered China. Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties - ended in 1279 with the Mongol invasion. History Fabriano. Italy 1st Water powered paper mill Paper replaces parchment as costs drop Burke England Very Dry period Ladurie Korea Ghengis Khan's Mongols occupied Korea during two unsuccessful attempts to invade Japan History Muslim Arabic Empire Mongols defeat the near powerless region Mongols neglect and region deteriorates more...

52. Norfolk Suffolk East Anglia Cambridge Newspaper Articles By John Worrall Writer Norfolk Suffolk East Anglia - Cambridge regional focus articles and had alogistical problem in the few years after the battle of hastings there were http://www.norfolkbroads.com/interest/main.htm

Your WebGuide to East A nglia document.write(''); Guides to East Anglia Maps Photo Gallery ... Link With Us Articles of Regional Focus from Around East Anglia UK. A to Z Index Home Page Accommodation Shopping Mall ... Local Charities Search the site! Late Availability Breaks SpeakersCorner.com Link With Us Website Design ... Online Shopping REGIONAL FOCUS and LOCAL INTEREST GUIDES in and around NORFOLK, SUFFOLK, CAMBRIDGESHIRE, ESSEX and the NORFOLK BROADS in EAST ANGLIA UK. East Anglia has many areas of Local Interest, including both Historic and present events, from the North Norfolk Coast to Essex and includes Cambridgeshire and Suffolk. This section of the Norfolk Broads website contains articles from all areas and many type of Local Interest for the East of England including Pargeting, Round Tower Churches, Castle Acre, How Hill and the Norfolk Wildlife Trust. Quick Link to Local Interest Articles: Select Article Albatros - The Last Sail Trader The Broads - A Question of Balance Castle Acre - A Norman Legacy Cley Marshes Colchester - The Oldest British Town Cromer Prospect Drainage Mills - Marshland Relics East Anglia Air Ambulance Electric Boats - Sinces 1888 The Excelsior - A Lowestoft Sailing Smack Gibson Saddlers - Newmarket Great Barns of Norfolk Haddiscoe Island - A Place Apart

53. Penn State Department Of History And Religious Studies Graduate Week 7 battle of hastings the Agony of Victory, the Thrill of Defeat Students lacking a background in early American history are strongly advised to http://www3.la.psu.edu/histrlst/grad13a.htm

54. Online Book: Special History Report - The Colbert Raid Like Frank I hastings, Huggins maintained close liaison with the DAR as plans Final approval of the plans to rest with the Southwest regional Director, http://www.nps.gov/arpo/colbert/I.htm

I. INTERPRETING THE COLBERT RAID A. Background In 1970 members of the Daughters of the American Revolution contacted Management Assistant Frank Hastings about ways to commemorate the engagement at Arkansas Post between British partisans led by Capt. James L. Colbert and the Spanish garrison. They hoped to do something meaningful at Arkansas Post as part of the American Revolution Bicentennial. Management Assistant Hastings was agreeable, and in September he advised the Master Plan Team, headed by James Killian, of his conversations with the DAR. The ladies informed the Master Plan Team that they would like the National Park Service to suggest to them various ways of interpreting the Colbert raid on site, and the cost of the resulting exhibit and audio visual facilities. The DAR would then determine which of the designs they liked best, and would conduct a state wide drive to raise necessary funds to implement the project. Apprised of what the DAR wished to do at Arkansas Post, Mark Sagan and Dr. Allan Kent of the Harpers Ferry Center outlined three alternatives for exhibits commemorating the Colbert Raid. These alternatives were considered by the Arkansas Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, and one adopted. Money was raised by the Daughters throughout the state to fund the Arkansas Post Bicentennial Project, which was headed by Mrs. J. S. Pollard of Stuttgart.

55. The Historical Association --:-- Websites For Secondary History Teachers This is a fully illustrated guide to the battle of hastings and the Norman Book which has a searchable database of entries by region. BBC history http://194.93.140.245/education/websites.htm

Home About the HA Join us Talk to us ... Library Websites for teachers ... If you have any comments, criticisms or suggestions, please email us. The Battle of Hastings A fun site with excellent graphics, guaranteed to get anyone gripped by the medieval history bug. This is a fully illustrated guide to the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest . Again one of several good sites. Also try the online Domesday Book which has a searchable database of entries by region. BBC History The BBC site provides much more than details of it's educational history programmes. There are reviews, debates, a searchable archive and thematic and chronological outlines of subjects. Younger children have their very own history site. For older students there is the history part of the GCSE Bitesize revision course with a range of topics and links. History Today A searchable archive of over 200 articles from the magazine History Today including extracts from the latest issue.

56. London History After his victory at the battle of hastings, William the Conqueror s army ravaged London history Shortcuts, Roman London, Dark Age London, Saxon London http://www.britannia.com/history/londonhistory/norlon.html

Search Britannia Britannia Departments Travel History British Life Shopping History of London Roman London Dark Age London Saxon London Norman London ... 20th Century London Norman London By Margaret Johnson After his victory at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror 's army ravaged much of the country in order to beat the English into submission. Though he burnt Southwark, he strategically avoided London and waited at Berkhamsted for the city's officials to recognise him as King. The Londoners quickly acquiesced and their swift action led the new monarch to grant their city the first formal charter of his reign. This slight parchment document is undated but it would appear that it was made at Berkhamsted and only ratified later in London itself. In the late 1920s, A.H. Thomas, then Clerk of the Records at Guildhall, successfully identified a wax seal from the document as having been the second Great Seal used by King William. The charter shows remarkable generosity: William, King, greets William, Bishop, and Gosfregdh, Portreeve, and all the burgesses within London, French and English, friendly. And I give you to know that I will that ye be all those laws worthy that ye were in King Edward's day. And I will that every child be his father's heir after his father's day, and I will not suffer that any man offer you any wrong. God help you.

57. Bayeux Tapestry: Information From Answers.com The tapestry has a history in and of itself, not to speak of what it depicts . The Bayeux Tapestry and the battle of hastings 1066 by Mogens Rud, http://www.answers.com/topic/bayeux-tapestry

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Bayeux Tapestry Encyclopedia Bayeux tapestry. This so-called tapestry is in fact an embroidery that chronicles the Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. It is a long, narrow strip of coarse linen, 230 ft by 20 in. (70 m by 51 cm), embroidered in worsteds of eight colors in couching and stem stitch. The embroidery is a valuable document on the history and the costumes of the time. Its provenance and date have long been disputed. Tradition attributes it to Queen Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, and her handmaidens; but it is now thought to be of somewhat later origin and possibly the work of English embroiderers. The embroidery is preserved in the Bayeux Museum. Bibliography See Sir Eric Maclagan, The Bayeux Tapestry (1945); F. Stenton et al., The Bayeux Tapestry (1957, repr. 1965). Wikipedia Bayeux Tapestry The Bayeux Tapestry (French: Tapisserie de Bayeux ) is not actually a tapestry (that is, a weaving), but is

58. NGfL Who Are You? There is also reference material related to the local history and environment took place in September 1066, a few weeks before the battle of hastings. http://www.ngfl.gov.uk/who.jsp?sec=4&cat=301&clear=y

59. Internet Public Library: Middle Ages (Medieval) Detailed treatment of the battle of hastings. Includes information about themajor figures and Also has links to sourcebooks for other areas of history. http://www.ipl.org/div/subject/browse/hum30.30.15/

dqmcodebase = "/javascript/" Subject Collections Business Computers Education ... Middle Ages (Medieval) This collection All of the IPL Advanced Resources in this category: You can also view Magazines Associations on the Net under this heading. About.com: Medieval History http://historymedren.about.com/ The Age of King Charles V http://www.bnf.fr/enluminures/aaccueil.htm "1000 illuminations from the Department of Manuscripts" of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (National Library of France) from the period of Charles V, 1338-1380. Titles include Froissart's Chronicles, Grandes Chroniques de France, the Catalan Atlas, Anglicus' On the Properties of Things, John of Berry's Petites Heures, Phoebus' Book of the Hunt, and the Breviary of Martin of Aragon. Titles include abstract and are arranged alphabetically and by theme. Each manuscript image includes catalog record. Arild Hauge's Runes and Viking Page http://www.arild-hauge.com/eindex.htm Brief introductions to Norse/Germanic runes and the people who used them. Battle of Hastings 1066 http://www.battle1066.com/

60. Brief History - Knowledge Base, HouseofNames.com Brief history. Wales, a region of rugged mountains, moors and forests, by the army of Duke William of Normandy at the battle of hastings in 1066. http://www.houseofnames.com/xq/asp/sID./kbId.139/title.Brief History/qx/knowledg

Satisfaction Guaranteed Houseofnames Knowledge Base > Brief History Brief History Wales, a region of rugged mountains, moors and forests, is noted for its large coal deposits. Its people are known for their strong Celtic heritage and renowned choral groups. This region was originally populated by an Iberian people, who were overrun by the Celts in the 6th century BC. The wealth of the British Isles attracted the attention of the Roman Empire, who first sent expeditions led by Julius Caesar in 55 BC and then invaded the island nation under Claudius in 43 AD. Julius Agricola , who became Governor of the new province of Britannia in 78 AD, completed the conquest of Wales by building a network of roads and erecting a substantial number of forts. A Roman legion composed of over 10,000 soldiers was garrisoned at Caerleon in the south of what is now Wales. However, the Romans abandoned the region after nearly four centuries of rule during the early 5th century. The imperial legions were recalled to Rome in an unsuccessful attempt to defend the empire from the barbarian tribes. The Romans that remained were expelled by the Britons in 409 AD. The Britons soon faced conquest by a new wave of invaders. During the 5th and 6th centuries, Germanic tribes led by the

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