61. Study Abroad Mongolia - Summer These might include tree reforestation, planting of indigenous imported plants baga toiruu Ulaanbaatar, Ulaanbaatar 976 Mongolia Phone 97699814587 http://www.studyabroad.com/simplehtml/whitesummer/Mongolia_summ.html

Study Abroad: Mongolia - Summer Study Abroad Program Information Courtesy of Studyabroad.com You may also wish to visit our Study Abroad in Mongolia Portal Page Projects Abroad 19 Cullen Drive West Orange, NJ 07052 USA Phone Where: Bolivia, Chile, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Togo and Ukraine When: Summer Voluntary Placements Overseas : We offer voluntary placements overseas in areas such as teaching, conservation, care, business and journalism in Bolivia, Chile, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Togo and Ukraine Curriculum Highlights: Travelling overseas, learning new skills and meeting lots of other volunteers Setting Description: Living with a local family and experiencing life in a different culture. Subjects Areas : Cultural/Regional Studies,Linguistics Click to send E-mail to: Projects Abroad 19 Cullen Drive West Orange, NJ 07052 USA Phone Where: Bolivia, Chile, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Togo and Ukraine

62. Botswana's Ethnic Structure: An Abortive Research Proposal Wim van Binsbergen on ethnicity, identity and politics in africa. Turner,T., 1979, ‘Anthropology and the politics of indigenous people’s struggles’, http://ethnicity.bravepages.com/ethnicity/botswana.htm

by Wim van Binsbergen Botswana's ethnic structure an abortive research proposal homepage © 1994-2002 Wim van Binsbergen Ethnicity in Botswana More in general, however, there is a remarkable paucity of publications specifically on ethnicity in Botswana. At first sight this stands to reason. A country that is called ‘Land of the Tswana people’ (the literal meaning of the Tswana word ‘Botswana’), and that boasts Tswana, in addition to English, as its national language, could effectively pose as an ethnic monolith. This is how Botswana is actually perceived, not only by its ruling elite (who overwhelmingly identify as Tswana themselves) and in their official pronouncements made on behalf of the Botswana state, but also by researchers both inside the country and internationally. On closer analysis, however, there are a number of contexts in which this monolithic capacity of ethnicity in Botswana needs to be problematized. 1. Intra-Tswana divisions Schapera, the doyen of Botswana studies, has repeatedly discussed (Schapera 1952, 1984) the ‘tribal’ composition of the Tswana groups in Botswana, defining the territorial organization and historical background of the major groups. These are the notorious ‘eight tribes’ whose names, in alphabetical order, have found their way into the Botswana constitution:

63. American Visions: Identify Matters - People Retain Identity In The Face Of The M Full text of the article, Identify matters people retain identity in the Whatever the baga were centuries ago in their homeland in the hills of the http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1546/is_n2_v12/ai_19404307

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles American Visions April-May 1997 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Assimilation (Sociology) / Analysis African Americans / Race identity Blacks / Race identity Culture / Social aspects Featured Titles for ALAN Review Afterimage American Drama American Music Teacher ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Identify matters - people retain identity in the face of the majority culture's attempts at total assimilation - Editorial American Visions April-May, 1997 by Gary Puckrein Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. From the most fundamental level of matter to human societies and individual experience, stress is a force that shapes and alters form and identity. It is particularly important that minorities bear this truth in mind. No individual and no people can escape being molded by the larger culture, which is often indifferent to, if not hostile toward, its minority voices (which also, denials to the contrary, shape it). Assimilation is neither a strategy nor an option; it is an inevitability. At issue is only the degree to which the original entity can define for itself the terms of the identity that is incorporated. I raise this subject not to address a contemporary dispute in the community, but rather to reassertyet againAmerican Visions' relevance in the face of perennial questions as to why we fail to address contentious issues.

64. African Art: Information From Answers.com African art, art created by the peoples south of the Sahara. The art of theBaga of NW Guinea includes snake carvings, drums supported by small http://www.answers.com/topic/african-art

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping African art Encyclopedia Source African art, art created by the peoples south of the Sahara. The predominant art forms are masks and figures, which were generally used in religious ceremonies. The decorative arts, especially in textiles and in the ornamentation of everyday tools, were a vital art in nearly all African cultures. The lack of archaeological excavations restricts knowledge of the antiquity of African art. As the value of these works was inseparable from their ritual use, no effort was made to preserve them as aesthetic accomplishments. Wood was one of the most frequently used materials—often embellished by clay, shells, beads, ivory, metal, feathers, and shredded raffia. The discussion in this article is limited to the works of the peoples of W and central Africa—the regions richest (because of the people's sedentary lifestyles) in indigenous art. Western Sudan and Guinea Coast In this region the style of woodcarving is abstract. Distortion is often used to emphasize features of spiritual significance. The figures of the Dogon tribe of central Mali stress the cylindrical shape of the torso. Some wooden carvings were made by an earlier people, the Tellem. Sculptures such as masks carved of soft wood are homes for the spirits and are discarded once they have been used in rituals. The Dogon have three distinctive styles of sculpture: masks incorporating recessed rectangles, ancestor sculptures carved in abstract geometric style used as architectural supports, and freestanding figures made in a cylindrical style. High-ranking Dogon families often had carved doors on their granaries.

65. African Art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 regions richest (because of the people’s sedentary lifestyles) in indigenousart. The art of the baga of NW Guinea includes snake carvings, http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africana.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. African art art created by the peoples south of the Sahara.

66. The Blacksmith's Art From Africa Many traditional people living in africa consider red iron oxide, Indigenousterminology used during the event related the process to bodily functions http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=363

67. African Tribes african tribe list. africanpeople Ashanti Art-of-Benin Gabon Bambara baga Baule Benin Bronze Bidyogo Bakota Daima-Sao Dan-Ngere http://users.pandora.be/african-shop/tribe_info.htm

Collection Tribes Masks museums ... fairs related articles: Home Site map African tribes Auctions Fairs masks statues bookmarks 10 buying tips ... African Antiques e-Newsletter Your email address will only be used to notify you about the African Antiques free e-newsletter. You should join if you want to read the last news and learn everything about the new exhibitions African art fairs auctions , buying tips, tribes stolen pieces , interesting opinions, museums , etc.. It will not be used for any other purpose. Discover a new World ! visit our other site and Discover a new World ! visit our other site and BuyAfricanAntiques David Norden Sint-katelijnevest 27 ANTWERPEN-Belgium Tel +32 3 227 35 40 Join our discussion group: Discussions AntiquesAfricaines en Français (100 membres) var site="sm5african" African tribes in African art. Central Africa South Africa East Africa West Africa ... Yoruba-Ife ADVERTISEMENT: Organized Travels. Discover new Worlds!

68. Art/Museums: Echoing Images, Couples In African Sculpture At The Metropolitan Mu The couple comes from the Sakalava peoples and like the Vezo peoples couple issimply The iconic African work that introduces this exhibition is also http://www.thecityreview.com/echoing.html

Echoing Images Couples in African Sculpture The Metropolitan Museum of Art February 10 to September 5, 2004 Commemorative Couple, Vezo peoples, Madagascar, 19th-20th Century, wood, male figure is 22 7/8 inches high, the female figure is 17 11/16 inches high, private collection By Carter B. Horsley In contrast with the stupendous and gargantuan exhibition on Byzantium at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the spring of 2004, this intimate show of "Echoing Images, Couples in African Sculpture" at the same institution demonstrates the maxim that small can often be better. A themed rather than chronological show, it is not encyclopedic but the few objects on display are mostly of extremely high and memorable quality. The finest "couple" in the exhibition is unquestionably a 19th-20th Century commemorative couple, Vezo peoples, from Madagascar. The male wood figure is 22 7/8 inches high and the female figure is 17 11/16 inches high and both come from a private collection. Somewhat eroded, these figures are remarkably graceful and have quite lyrical and almost Oriental poses. These world-class figures are exquisite. Commemorative couple, Sakalava peoples, Madagascar, 19th-20th Century, wood, male figure is 70 7/8 inches high, female figure is 61 7/16 inches high, private collection

69. Conakry Report Guinea, as all of SubSaharan africa, is primarily rural. Conakry, the capital,is the most populous city with 930000 people in the city proper, http://africamissions.org/africa/conakry.htm

An On-Site Study of GUINEA and CONAKRY its Capital August 1995 Research Team: Eric Guild James Scudder Richard Chowning Purpose : study to the city of Conakry in order to evaluate its potential and need for church growth. Objectives: 1. Get a general understanding of the social make up of the city. 2. Interview all mission agencies and denominations to understand what they have done and how they view the Christian movement in Conakry and Guinea as a whole. 3. Test for receptivity. 4. Collect contact information. 5. Understand the present and historical church growth situation. 6. Ascertain logistical and living condition variables. 7. Make recommendation. 8. Get an overview of Guinea. An overview of Guinea Introduction Guinea is one of the most unreached countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The high percentage of Muslims and the persecution by a former regime made it a difficult field for church growth from 1960s through the 1980s. "Guinea understandably still has some of the worst church/mission statistics in West Africa" (Vanderaa, 1991). Guinea has not been a priority country for most missions, but a reevaluation is in order. There was a time in when the current President, Conte, wanted Guinea to be Muslim country. He is now very cooperative with Christians. His second wife is a Christian. Population Weather As much as one hundred and twenty inches of rain can fall in Conakry in one season. It rained every day we were in the country. It was humid. The Monsoon season does not wash away top soil or other valuable substances from the land. Conakry is built on a field of iron ore.

70. RAND AFRICAN ART - HOME PAGE baga aBamp or baga a-Bemp, a very nice African Senufo Hornbill figure called Ibeji twin figure and information on the Yoruba people and a link to a http://www.randafricanart.com/index1.html

I have recently done quite a bit of redesign on my website to reduce the length of some of my pages, give them better structure, or at least make them easier to view. The pages that have had the most changes are this page, my Educational Resources page and my Favorite Links page. Kota A frican cups and boxes Click on any image or link below the image to go to the pages for the items from that group of people If this is your first time to my website, or if you have never read it before you explore my website I would like to ask you to read " My statement on my site, my collection and my collecting philosophy " Moba tchitcheri Bamileke = new items added L obi Fang Akan/ ... Misc collections/items Items from my collection are generally not for sale. Items that are for sale are listed towards the bottom of this page in the link "ITEMS FOR SALE" or click here to go to the items for sale page. My site was developed to be viewed at a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher (1152 x 864 is optimal). If your monitor is set for a lower resolution my site will not be able to be viewed as it was intended. According to the statistics for my site, 82% of the visitors to my

71. Couples-in-African-sculptures Echoing Images Couples in African Sculpture remains at the Metropolitan Museum Female couples embrace on headrests made by the Luba peoples in Congo, http://users.telenet.be/african-shop/couples-in-african-sculpture.htm

Collection Tribes Masks museums ... fairs related articles: Home Up Genesis african-sculpture ... Echoing-Images Couples African sculptures African Antiques e-Newsletter Your email address will only be used to notify you about the African Antiques free e-newsletter. You should join if you want to read the last news and learn everything about the new exhibitions African art fairs auctions , buying tips, tribes stolen pieces , interesting opinions, museums , etc.. It will not be used for any other purpose. Discover a new World ! visit our other site and Discover a new World ! visit our other site and BuyAfricanAntiques David Norden Sint-katelijnevest 27 ANTWERPEN-Belgium Tel +32 3 227 35 40 Join our discussion group: Discussions AntiquesAfricaines en Français (100 membres) var site="sm5african" "Echoing Images: Couples in African Sculpture" remains at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street, (212)535-7710, through Sept. 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art February 10 to September 5, 2004

72. JAIC 1992, Volume 31, Number 1, Article 2 (pp. 03 To 16) Many people in Western cultures view African objects as culturally foreign and The art of the baga A preliminary inquiry. African Arts19(2)64–67. http://aic.stanford.edu/jaic/articles/jaic31-01-002.html

JAIC 1992, Volume 31, Number 1, Article 2 (pp. 03 to 16) THE EXHIBITION AND CONSERVATION OF AFRICAN OBJECTS: CONSIDERING THE NONTANGIBLE STEPHEN P. MELLOR 1 INTRODUCTION Some specific examples in African art where nontangible attributes might have an effect on treatment decisions can be seen in the following: Should we look inside a Yoruba beaded crown (fig. 1), considered to be the premier piece of divine regalia, to mend the textile lining (fig. 2), or lend slides of its interior to the education department, when in cultural context it is forbidden for anyone, including the king, to view the interior? Should we secure loose and detached fragments of sacrificial patination on a Bamana Komo headdress (fig. 3), when the amount and thickness of this incrustation (fig. 4) are directly related to the degree and effectiveness of its cultural power? How do we justify the public exhibition of an Igala shrine figure (fig. 9), which would have been restricted from public view and seen only by people of a specific age, sex, or initiate? Fig. 1. Crown, Yoruba peoples, Nigeria, Glass beads, basketry, textile, vegetable fiber, metal, H 30 ¾ in (78. 1cm). NMAfA 24-1989-01 (private lender). Photograph by Jeffrey Ploskonka

73. Documentary Photography - Robert Leon Photographer - Documentary Photography Doc Photography in this website is suitable for people of all ages including children India photography Indian culture indigenous Istanbul Italian Riviera http://www.robertleon.com/index48.php

The Robert Leon Photographer online gallery shows photojournalism, adventure photography, reportage photography, travel photography, feature stories, photo essays and stock photography from Worldwide destinations. This photography website features realistic photojournalism about humanity and our planet, adventure travel photography, photography of festivals, geographic photography, photographs of indigenous cultures and rituals. Enter Welcome to the Robert Leon Photographer online image gallery of photojournalism, reportage photography, travel photography, feature stories, photo essays and stock photography from destinations worldwide. This photography website features realistic photojournalism about humanity and our planet, travel, festivals, geography, indigenous cultures and rituals. Photography in this website is suitable for people of all ages including children interested in photojournalism featuring the World's diverse cultures, travel photography, adventure travel, exotic cultures, familiar cultures, festivals, and the Earth's geography. The photography features the World's diverse cultures, travel photography, adventure photography, adventure travel, exotic cultures, familiar cultures, festivals, and the Earth's geography. Robert Leon is a photojournalist and adventure travel photographer with 22 years of professional photography experience. He is based in Vancouver Canada and photographs reportages and feature stories around the World with the aim of creating awareness and understanding of the Earth, cultures and nature for both present and future generations.

74. Religious Ethnology - Books, Journals, Articles @ The Questia Online Library The indigenous Dynamic in Taiwan s Postwar Development The Religious and Subjects, indigenous peoplesPapua New Guinea, Oral historyPapua New http://www.questia.com/search/religious-ethnology

Questia The World's Largest Online Library Primary Navigation Skip Home Page Search Page Read Page ... Subscribe Page Secondary Navigation Skip About Questia Subscribe Requirements ... Login Search the Library: Advanced Search Put exact phrases in quotes Search within Results by media type: Books Journals Magazines Newspapers Encyclopedia Research Topics We searched for: religious AND ethnology we found: results by media type: books: journal articles: magazine articles: newspaper articles: encyclopedia articles: books on: religious ethnology - 4804 results More book Results: Book by Robert H. Lowie ; Peter Smith, 1929 Subjects: Civilization Ethnology ...matter of fact, most things in Crow religious life are adjusted to this conception...actually performed at the fourth attempt; religious processions halt four times; songs are...course, the vital difference between ethnology and psychology which has already been... Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India through European Eyes, 1250-1625 Book by ; Cambridge University Press, 2000 Subjects: EthnologyEuropeHistory India, SouthDescription And Travel

75. "Managing Natural Resources In The West Usambara Mountains: A Glimmer Of Hope In Paper presented at the Mountains High Summit Conference For africa Integratingindigenous soil and water conservation practices in managing soils of the http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/mowox02a.htm

Managing Natural Resources in the West Usambara Mountains: A glimmer of hope in the horizon MOUNTAINS HIGH SUMMIT CONFERENCE FOR AFRICA (Nairobi, May 2002) Name of authors : Jeremias G. Mowo, Stephen T. Mwihomeke, Justin B. Mzoo and Teonas H. Msangi Strategic Pillar: WATER, environment and development Thematic Issue: Sustainable natural resources management in the mountain areas with special emphasis on watershed management, agro-forestry and biodiversity in mountain areas Author's affiliation: Jeremias G. Mowo (PhD) is a Senior Researcher (Soil Fertility and Management) with the Directorate of Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security. Currently he is the Site Co-ordinator of The Lushoto Benchmark Site of the African Highland Initiative (AHI). Stephen T. Mwihomeke (MSc.) is a Principal Forest Researcher (Agro-forestry) with the Tanzania Forest Research Institute based at the Silviculture Research Centre, Lushoto (West Usambaras) and currently the head of The Community and Farm Forest Section at the centre. Justin B. Mzoo (MSc.) is an irrigation Agronomist with the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security and currently the project manager of TIP -Lushoto (Traditional Irrigation Project) –Lushoto

76. Glossary Sinboa indigenous instrument made out of a calabash(gourd) Dragueru -anancient tree of an African origin symbolizing cultural resistance http://www.capeverdeancreoleinstitute.org/glossary.htm

CAPEVERDEAN CREOLE INSTITUTE "KRIOLU É ARMA DI IDENTIFIKASON DI KABUVERDIANU, LINGUA DI MÓRNA Y PUEZIA, SÍNBULU DI DOR Y SPERANSA... KI INDA SA TA SPERA SE DIGNIFIKASON DI LINGUA DI NASON"... GLOSSARY (According to ALUPEC) A Afrikanu -African Aian Yes Aiué - of African origin, a cry in singing Anil -indigo used to dye or tint cloth or panos produced by slaves and exportet to Lisboa, Seville and Cadis at the end of 16 th century Argudon -cotton(slaves were main forces during cotton plantation) Argulinha -(Brava/Fogo) part of a festival involving the catching of rings by men on horseback Artizãu -white artisan often deported in charge of teaching smater slaves basic skills and the Portuguese language Azagua - the rainy season and harvest Azidja - the islands of Cape Verde B Baboza -plant whose bitter secretion is applied to the breast when weaning a child. Aloe Badiu -inhabitant of the island of SanTiago. Originally wanderers and runaways who did not have any right to own property and land in both islands of SanTiago and Fogo Badjuda -a creole girl Bafatada slap Baga-baga -termites Balai di tente -basket used to separate bran of the corn Balai -big basket Balanbuta -large butterfly Balea -whaling Banbaran -monstrous, ferocious

77. Invisible Mask African masks are made to be the physical manifestations of invisible powers . This mask is designed to emphasize the baga ideals of female beauty with http://www.ceeba.at/arts/arts_masques_africains.htm

INVISIBLE MASK by OLUMIDÉ, A. SOWUNMI Masks are a universal art form. Various cultures around the world, from the Japanese to the Eskimos, have indigenous masks. In different societies masks take on diverse functions ranging from the sacred and spiritual to the mundane and comical. In my thesis the focus is on masks of West African origin, and further exploration of the masking tradition in African culture. The objective is to view the masquerade from a postmodern perspective, and incorporate modern computer technology in preserving this ancient art form. This approach is not entirely new. The Dadaists, in the early 1900s, had explored this field in their happenings at the Cabaret Voltaire. Apparently they were better informed about Japanese masks since there was very little awareness of "African art" in Europe at the time. Non-Western art, and in particular "African art" had such profound effects on Modernism, through artists like Paul Gauguin and Pablo Picasso, it is therefore quite logical to expect a similar influence on Postmodernism. An example is Joseph Beuys' performance, How to explain Pictures to a Dead Hare, where the artist had his face painted with a gold foil mask. This line of thought makes it possible to see the traditional masquerade as a precursor to Postmodern performance art. The computer as a medium of artistic expression The visual component of the project involves the use of the computer as a medium of artistic expression, through three dimensional modeling and animation. This is achieved using Alias/Wavefront Maya to model and animate the characters. The theme of the animation is ritual performance, and the objective is to change the present popular perception of African masks by regarding them as an essential part of performance rituals.

78. Participants Her publications include People of the Sea Identity and Descent among the Vezo He is currently supervising research on indigenous cultural property and http://www.ics.ul.pt/agenda/learningreligion/particip.htm

79. Themusic.com.au - In Music & Media The Sydney Morning Herald reported that more than 3000 people Growing up asnearrefugees in South africa, Canberra hip hop teen duo KA$H knew what to http://www.themusic.com.au/im_m/archive/2005/050426-452_eliezer.php

Navigate Directory How to do the Music Biz Music Media Newsstand Search ... Archive Issue #452 - 26th April 2005 MUSIC DIRECTORY ADD BOOKINGS CLOSE MAY 15 Though the free listing deadline passed April 10 (but late listings with the late listing penalty of $66 are open to May 10), display advertising bookings for the next AustralAsian Music Industry Directory have been extended to May 15 with art due no later than May 25 for the July 20 edition which is the 35 th since 1988. Booking queries can be directed to Phil Tripp at tripp@immedia.com.au or call (02) 9557 7766. Rates and other mechanical information are available at http://www.immedia.com.au/amid/rate-card.html ADDITIONS TO MTV OZ Nigel Robbins, Managing Director, MTV Networks Australia, has announced the addition of three new key appointments MTV Networks Australia. Matt Fayle is New Media Manager. Following tenures with BSkyB, Discovery and the BBC in the UK, Fayle's expertise in mobile service and interactive applications is expected to add increased leverage to MTV Networks Australia's programming initiatives across web, mobile and interactive platforms for MTV and VH1. Commencing as Creative Director and Head of Brand Development, Annabel Beresford will join the Network in May. Beresford has over 10 years experience across MTV Networks territories internationally.

80. TurkicWorld to the development of the name of God among the UralAltaic, Turkic, Nenetspeoples. The Bog of Russian, baga of Avestan, Buh of Bohemian, etc., http://sophistikatedkids.com/turkic/50Religion/TengriKhudayDeosGodEn.htm

Back In Russian Tengri, Khuday, Deos and God Tengrianism ... Manichaeism Judaism Islam Christianity Buddism Nestoriansm Alan Dateline Bulgar Dateline Huns DatelHuns Dateline Kipchak Dateline ... Sabir Dateline Gordon Holmes Fraser Tengri, Khuday, Deos and God The word "God" in different languages Links The citations below from the article (from "A Symposium on Creation" Vols. 1-5 @ http://www.creationism.org/symposium/ ) is used by permission of Baker Books , a division of Baker Book House Company Baker Book House Company http://www.creationism.org/symposium/symp5no1.htm Introduction The contents below are based on The Gentile Names of God by Gordon Holmes Fraser, ©1975, posted on http://www.creationism.org/symposium/symp5no1.htm . I made some minor editing to "unbias" the history from the religious convictions of the author, and therefore call this posting a "citation", with a full understanding that a great credit must be given to the author for a well researched and comprehensive overview. What is striking, is the universality and the preponderance of the morphemes Ti/Te/Di/De throughout our world and our history, applied to the Supreme God, whether it is Tengri, Khuday, Deos or God. Trying to concentrate on this subject, and on the initial written records of it, I "boxed out" the other valuable, but non-specific information. Original Names of God In the earliest stages of written language known to us, a single written symbol did duty for several phonetic values, and in some cases a single symbol represented synonyms, the immediate context indicating which word was intended. The symbol for Deity, for example, expressed both ideas and phonetic values.

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