41. Ryne A. Palombit's Homepage African primates Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist ‘Friendship’ behavior as a reproductive strategy in savanna baboons http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~palombit/

Ryne A. Palombit Research Interests Publications Department of Anthropology 131 George Street Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1414 Phone: (732) 932-5214 FAX: (732) 932-1564 Email palombit@rci.rutgers.edu Office : 001 Biological Sciences Building, Douglass Campus Office Hours : Monday, 2:00 - 4:00 pm (Spring 2005) Research Interests I am interested in understanding how the extraordinary diversity of social and mating strategies in animals (both human and nonhuman) has evolved. My current interests focus on a feature of primate biology that largely differentiates these animals from most other mammals: cohesive social bonds between adult males and females persisting beyond estrus. I use the comparative approach and field experiments to understand the behavioral and ecological bases of variation in male-female social relationships. I have studied monogamous pair bonds in wild white-handed gibbons ( Hylobates lar ) and siamang ( H.syndactylus ) in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, and conducted short-term research on titi monkeys ( Callicebus moloch ) and red-bearded saki monkeys ( Pithecia aequatorialis ) in the upper Amazon of Ecuador. Currently, I study "friendships" in chacma baboons in Okavango Delta, Botswana and in olive baboons at my field site in Laikipia, Kenya (photos above).

42. CBS News | Baboons Need Friends Too | November 14, 2003 00:55:42 (AP) Among baboons, moms with lots of female friends are the most successful It suggests that social bonds are an important part of being primates. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11/13/tech/main583536.shtml

SEARCH: CBSNews.com The Web document.write('') Home U.S. World Politics ... CBS News Video ET The Early Show CBS Evening News 48 Hours 60 Minutes ... Section Front E-mail This Story Printable Version Baboons Need Friends Too WASHINGTON, Nov. 13, 2003 (Photo: AP) "There is a parallel in humans that is intriguing. We know that in humans having a social network has a very positive health outcome." Susan C. Alberts, Duke University researcher (AP) Among baboons, moms with lots of female friends are the most successful parents, according to a new study that supports the idea that social support is an essential part of being a baboon — or a human. The study, appearing this week in the journal Science, found that baboon mothers who formed networks of female friends were about a third more successful at raising their young than were females who spent more time alone or isolated. "We don't know how sociability helps females, but we do know that social females do better at raising their young," said Susan C. Alberts, a Duke University researcher and co-author of the study. "It suggests that social bonds are an important part of being primates." Joan B. Silk, a UCLA professor and first author of the study, said the researchers analyzed how 108 females in wild groups of baboons in Kenya spent their time and how this might affect their motherhood.

43. Gelada Baboons Gelada baboons are relatively large primates, the average male is about 30 inchestall and weighs 6580 pounds; females are about half that size. http://www.bronxzoo.com/bz-about_the_animals/263856/263945/264412

Home About the Bronx Zoo Rates ... Education Gelada Baboons Lifestyle: Gelada (pronounced "jeh-LAH-da") baboons are highly social and live in established family units with one adult male, three to six females, and their young. The females generally bond into a kind of ruling "sisterhood" led by a single female. The male gelada is almost twice as large and much more colorful than the female. Males have long, magnificent capes of hair that, depending on age, can reach the ground. If an outside male tries to take over the family unit, the females in his group may choose to support or oppose their group male. Regardless of who wins the competition, the females will chase the unwanted male away with a show of physical force. Both sexes have pale eyelids that are used for expression. Geladas are not territorial and it is not uncommon to find congregations of separate units feeding together. Habitat and Range: Gelada baboons live in central and eastern Africa, primarily in Ethiopia. During the day they can be found mainly on high grassy plateaus, but at nightfall they will retreat to the steep rocky cliffs nearby. There, they are protected during the night from predators and inclement weather. They are the most terrestrial of all the primates, living primarily off the grasses and seeds of the high mountain meadows. Reproduction: Most baboons have vividly colored bottoms that signal their readiness for mating. But because the gelada baboons spend so much time sitting, they have evolved a unique adaptation: an hourglass-shaped patch of skin on their chests that becomes bright red when they are aroused. In addition to her vivid "blush," the female shows off a series of swollen white vesicles (like blisters) on her chest and neck that are sometimes called a "pearl necklace." Mating usually occurs in autumn and the baby geladas are born approximately five to six months later. Females are considered adult at three to four years, whereas the males are mature at seven or eight years. Females only mate once every two years and generally give birth to one infant at a time.

44. Untitled Document baboons, in the Southern Rift Valley, Arsi Region, Ethiopia primates 39 baboons TheropithecusGelada Social Units and Definitions primates 24 http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/Behavior/Spring2002/Cupani/references.

45. The Emergence Of Peaceful Culture In Wild Baboons Reports exist of transmission of culture in nonhuman primates. Rooted infield observations of a group of olive baboons (called the Forest Troop) since http://www.animalsentience.com/features/peaceful_wild_baboons.htm

features : peaceful wild baboons Reports exist of transmission of culture in nonhuman primates. Robert M. Sapolsky (Stanford University, California, USA) and Lisa J. Share (National Museums of Kenya Karen, Nairobi, Kenya) examined this in a troop of savanna baboons studied since 1978. During the mid-1980s, half of the males died from tuberculosis; because of circumstances of the outbreak, it was more aggressive males who died, leaving a cohort of atypically unaggressive survivors. A decade later, these behavioral patterns persisted. Males leave their natal troops at adolescence; by the mid-1990s, no males remained who had resided in the troop a decade before. Thus, critically, the troop's unique culture was being adopted by new males joining the troop. This article, published by the Public Library of Science, tells of some of their findings. You can find the complete research article here For a printable version of this extract, click here.

46. The Emergence Of Peaceful Culture In Wild Baboons But when it comes to primates—including humans—a good deal of behavior is learned . Rooted in field observations of a group of olive baboons (called the http://www.animalsentience.com/features/peaceful_wild_baboons_print.htm

The Emergence of Peaceful Culture in Wild Baboons Reports exist of transmission of culture in nonhuman primates. Robert M. Sapolsky (Stanford University, California, USA) and Lisa J. Share (National Museums of Kenya Karen, Nairobi, Kenya) examined this in a troop of savanna baboons studied since 1978. During the mid-1980s, half of the males died from tuberculosis; because of circumstances of the outbreak, it was more aggressive males who died, leaving a cohort of atypically unaggressive survivors. A decade later, these behavioral patterns persisted. Males leave their natal troops at adolescence; by the mid-1990s, no males remained who had resided in the troop a decade before. Thus, critically, the troop's unique culture was being adopted by new males joining the troop. This article, published by the Public Library of Science, tells of some of their findings. You can find the complete research article here In his book A Primate's Memoir Sapolsky and Share conclude that the method of transmission is likely either one or a combination of these models, though teasing out the mechanisms for such complex behaviors will require future study. But if aggressive behavior in baboons does have a cultural rather than a biological foundation, perhaps there's hope for us as well.

47. University Of Pennsylvania : Research At Penn : Natural Science :: Primates Pull Seyfarth and Cheney have been working with primates for more than 20 years, baboons have matrilines where female members of one family are outranked by http://www.upenn.edu/researchatpenn/article.php?771&sci

48. Record: Study: Lack Of Exercise Plays Greater Role In Obesity, Diabetes baboons and other primates take advantage of humancreated situations ofabundance, Altmann said. The animals add these foods to their diets if they are http://record.wustl.edu/web/page/normal/1832.html

nothing = 1; Search the Record e-Record Subscribe to receive Record headlines via e-mail Vol. 27, No. 29 Regina Frey aims to improve teaching at the University Picturing To Current Issue July 15, 2005 Comments, ... April 25, 2003 Study: Lack of exercise plays greater role in obesity, diabetes Study: Lack of exercise plays greater role in obesity, diabetes By Jim Dryden It's not that the food you eat is unimportant, but when it comes to the risk of obesity and diabetes, food may be less important than exercise. That's the conclusion of studies by an international team of researchers involving baboons in Africa. Jane Phillips-Conroy Investigators from Washington University and Saint Louis, Princeton and Stanford universities reported their findings in the March issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism The researchers and their colleagues have been studying the eating and exercise patterns of two groups of wild baboons in East Africa. Like most primates, one group has to wander and forage for food. The other group lives near a tourist lodge in Kenya; it gets most of its food from the garbage dump. Obesity is rare in wild baboons, but it's not unheard of in captive animals. In their initial study on leptin levels in wild animals, the Saint Louis University team members analyzed blood samples from wild baboons captured in Ethiopia by Jane E. Phillips-Conroy, Ph.D., of Washington University and Cliff Jolly, Ph.D., of New York Uni-versity.

49. Brookfield Zoo | Field Guide - Guinea Baboon baboons are well grounded Most of us think of primates as living in But baboonsare primates that break the tree rule, living mostly on the ground. http://www.brookfieldzoo.org/pagegen/htm/fix/fg/fg_body.asp?sAnimal=Guinea baboo

50. Primate Info Net: Current Topics In Primatology Kawai M; Bekele A Antipredator behavior of gelada baboons. primates. 1996 . F Hamadryas baboons Papio Hamadryas in Eritrea. AFRICAN primates. 1996. http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/news/currtopics/raiding.html

Welcome to Primate Info Net! If you can read this...YOU SHOULD UPDATE YOUR BROWSER. The browser you are using is NOT standards-compliant. Updating it will enhance your experience on Primate Info Net and most other websites you visit. Go to Advanced Search FEEDBACK Home About ... Current Topics in Primatology Current Topics in Primatology WisconsinPrimate Research Center (WRPRC) University of Wisconsin-Madison Primate Information Center-Seattle Primates as Pests/Crop Raiding 1996-2001 Quick Links: Home About Contact Us Site Index Primate Info Net is maintained by the Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) Library at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. WPRC programs are supported by grant numbers RR000167 and RR015311, National Primate Centers Program, National Center for Research Resources, the National Institutes of Health. Additional support has been provided by the International Primatological Society and the Primate Society of Great Britain We are not responsible for the content of linked sites, nor does inclusion of a link imply endorsement of the views expressed in that content. Page last modified: June 24, 2004

51. Primate Info Net: Behavior Bibliography The book ends with a comparison of humans to nonhuman primates. The personalitiesand behavior of the baboons is only part of the story. http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/av/slidesets/slides_b/BehaviorBibliography.html

Welcome to Primate Info Net! If you can read this...YOU SHOULD UPDATE YOUR BROWSER. The browser you are using is NOT standards-compliant. Updating it will enhance your experience on Primate Info Net and most other websites you visit. Go to Advanced Search FEEDBACK Home About ... Behavior of Social Animals Behavior Bibliography BOOKS Goodall, Jane. In The Shadow of Man. New York: Houghton-Mifflin Press, 1971. The story of Goodall's behavioral observation of chimpanzees in Africa. Useful appendices in this work include "Stages of Development", showing infant behaviors at various ages; "Facial Expressions and Calls", with accompanying drawings; "Weapon and Tool Use"; and "Diet". Written for the general reader and containing many photos, this book is the story of both the scientist and her subjects. Goodall, Jane. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Pattern. of Behavior. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986. Filled with information, the book describes the results of more than 30 years of watching chimpanzees in Gombe. It begins with a short history of laboratory research on chimpanzees, including studies aimed at examining their capacity to learn language and other mental abilities. Included is information on what happened to all the chimpanzees featured in Goodall's other books and videos, but the book concentrates on the results of her research. Details on chimpanzee behavior include communication and social relationships; friendly behavior; grooming; aggression; dominance; reproduction and sexual behavior; territoriality; hunting and meat eating; and tool use. The writing makes the information accessible to both general reader and specialist. This is an excellent resource for more information about chimpanzees.

52. MSN Encarta - Primate Apart from humans, baboons are the only primates that have fully made the transitionto life out in the open, and even they instinctively climb to safety if http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569210/Primate.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Human Evolution apes more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Primate Search for books and more related to Primate Encarta Search Search Encarta about Primate Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Primate ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Primate Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 14 items Article Outline Introduction Types of Primates Primate Characteristics Feeding Habits ... Endangered Primates I Introduction Print Preview of Section Primate , order of mammals that includes humans apes , which are the closest living relatives to humans, monkeys , and some less familiar mammals, such as tarsiers lorises , and lemurs . Humans and other primates share a common evolutionary descent. For this reason, primates have always fascinated scientists because their physical features, social organization, behavioral patterns, and fossil remains provide clues about our earliest human ancestors. Primates evolved from tree-dwelling ancestors. Although some species, such as humans, have since taken to the ground, all primates share features that are related to their tree-climbing ancestry. These include arms and legs that can move more freely than those of most other mammals, flexible fingers and toes, forward-facing eyes that can judge distances accurately—a vital aid when moving about high above the ground—and large brains.

53. Some Primates' Sheltered Lives: Baboons, Chimps Enter The Realm Of Cave: Science In separate studies, researchers have gathered the first systematic evidenceshowing that baboons and chimpanzees regularly use caves, a behavior many http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20040214/fob5ref.asp

Science News Books. Subscribe to Science News ... Science News for Kids Math Trek Hunting e Food for Thought Calcium Superchargers Science Safari Paint by Pixel TimeLine 70 Years Ago in Science News Science News e-LETTER. ... Week of Feb. 14, 2004; Vol. 165, No. 7 Some Primates' Sheltered Lives: Baboons, chimps enter the realm of cave Bruce Bower In separate studies, researchers have gathered the first systematic evidence showing that baboons and chimpanzees regularly use caves, a behavior many anthropologists have attributed only to people and our direct ancestors. References: Barrett, L. . . . and S.P. Henzi. 2004. Habitual cave use and thermoregulation in chacma baboons ( Papio hamadryas ursinus Journal of Human Evolution 46(February):215-222. Abstract available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.005 Further Readings: McGrew, W.C., J.K. McKee, and C.E.G. Tutin. 2003. Primates in caves: Two new reports of Papio spp. Journal of Human Evolution 44(April):521-526. Abstract available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00042-3 Sources: S. Peter Henzi

54. Get Mellow, Fellow: Male Baboons Cooperate After Cultural Prodding: Science News Researchers say they have found a troop of wild baboons in which females of the cultural transmission of social attitudes by primates other than people, http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20040417/fob2.asp

Science News Books. Subscribe to Science News ... Science News for Kids Math Trek Anatomy of a Bead Creature Food for Thought When It's No Longer Baby Fat Science Safari Functions on Display TimeLine 70 Years Ago in Science News Science News e-LETTER. ... Week of April 17, 2004; Vol. 165, No. 16 , p. 243 Get Mellow, Fellow: Male baboons cooperate after cultural prodding Bruce Bower Adult male baboons are bad dudes. They regularly square off in bloody fights over access to food and females, whom they will also attack. In this vicious pecking order, males at the top bully bottom dwellers into a demoralized state of submission. PEACEMAKERS. Female olive baboons, such as this mother, may have transmitted cooperative attitudes to males that entered an African troop. PhotoDisk So, it startled Stanford University biologists Robert M. Sapolsky and Lisa J. Share to find a baboon troop in which even top-rung males exhibited remarkably peaceful behaviors. The big honchos often left weak males alone and refrained from attacking females, focusing instead on fighting each other. It's a uniquely "pacific culture" among wild baboons, Sapolsky and Share conclude.

55. PLoS Biology: A Pacific Culture Among Wild Baboons: Its Emergence And Transmissi Reports exist of transmission of culture in nonhuman primates. We examine thisin a troop of savanna baboons studied since 1978. During the mid1980s, http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journ

56. Primates At OSU of primates. 2003A0193, Wet Lab, Valerie Bergdall, 18 macques or baboons. 2003A0113,Vaccine Research, Daryl Galloway, 60 macque monkeys This is the same http://home.att.net/~poetwill/primates_usage.htm

Non-Human Primate Usage at OSU Squirrel Monkey - Rhesus Macaque - Crab-eating Macaque Primate usage at The Ohio State University is increasing. Ohio State University reports in the 2003 USDA Annual Report, which include the period from October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2003, that fifteen (15) non-human primates were used in experiments where no pain, distress, or use of pain-relieving drugs is required. Twenty-two (22) non-human primates were involved in experiments where pain or distress is part of the experiment, however pain relieving drugs are provided to the animals. Ohio State University reports in the 2002 USDA Annual Report that fifteen (15) non-human primates were used in experiments where no pain, distress, or use of pain-relieving drugs is required. Six (6) non-human primates were involved in experiments where pain or distress is part of the experiment, however pain relieving drugs are provided to the animals. In 2001 the number of primates being used at OSU was seventeen (17) in experiments without any pain or distress and seventeen (17) where pain or distress is relieved. The chart - If a protocol indicates a link you can review further details about that experiment. Current active protocols of interest are being conducted by John Buford and Amer Rajab.

57. Www.navs.org.uk | Vivisection | Why Vivisection Is Flawed Primates p primates in UK labs include baboons, macaques, tamarins, marmosets, and squirrelmonkeys. Although basic, there are more guidelines for housing primates http://navs.org.uk/vivisection/vivisection_flawed/Primates.htm

document.write(""); About vivisection Why vivisection is flawed Animal Experiments: The Facts Animal Experiments: The Shocking Truth ... Would you pay to break this rabbit's leg ? SAVED: Monkeys saved from neurology experiments and now in NAVS care. Read about our latest rescue Primates Primates in UK labs include baboons, macaques, tamarins, marmosets, and squirrel monkeys. Although basic, there are more guidelines for housing primates than any other species, but these are routinely ignored. Monkeys at St Mary's Hospital Medical School and the Institute of Neurology were kept alone in small cages - no dimensions more than a few feet, no bedding, no foraging materials, and harsh metal grid floors. Using wild caught primates in UK laboratories is 'banned' - unless a researcher makes the case that it is necessary. Baboons have been snatched from the wild because there were not enough captive bred animals available at the time. The lids of one eye of infant macaques were sewn together to study the effects on cells in the central nervous system. A chemical was injected into baboons' brains, and they were subjected to flashing lights, in attempts to create a model of human epilepsy. Yet the two best drugs for people have been on the market for decades, and do not work in the baboon tests.

58. Africa On The Matrix: Savanna Baboons Photographs and information about the savanna baboons of Africa. addition tothe baboons, there are three other pages devoted to primates Chimpanzees, http://www.on-the-matrix.com/africa/baboons.asp

NOTICE: It appears that you do not have JavaScript enabled in your browser. Sorry, but you must enable JavaScript to view the photographs and many of the navigation links and other features on this web site. Baboons I suppose it is possible to watch baboons and not project human emotions and intentions on them, but I can't do it. They are fascinating to watch precisely because their actions seem so humanlike. Part of this reaction is no doubt because our anatomies are so similar. The fellow on the right , for example, appears deep in thought mostly because his hand is close to his mouth in a gesture common among humans pondering some issue. Elephants may "ponder" just as many issues as baboons, but because they don't have humanlike hands, they can't adopt a pose recognizable to us. All of the baboons here belong to the "Savanna" species, but consist of three different races: chacma, olive and yellow. The chacma baboons inhabited the southern parks (the photos here come from Chobe National Park in Botswana and Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe). Also from the south (the Selous) is the yellow baboon. The olive baboons were found in the parks further north, including Lake Manyara National Park and the Ngorongoro Crater in northern Tanzania and the Masai Mara and Lewa Downs in Kenya. The chacma baboons were great fun to watch. In Chobe National Park, we watched as a

59. NYCEP PhD's Granted Phylogeography of Hamadryas baboons (primates Papio hamadryas) in FemaleGelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada), 1995, Curator of primates, WCS (N) http://www.nycep.org/pages/students/students_phd_granted.php

Recent NYCEP PhD's Granted (1992-2004) Institution Name Dissertation Title Year of PhD Current Position (N = currently NYCEP faculty) NYU Jessica Manser Morphological analysis of the human burial series at Niah Cave and implications for late Pleistocene-Holocene Southeast Asian human evolution Adjunct Assistant Professor, Anthropology, Queens College Columbia Francys Subiaul Cognitive Imitation in Children and Monkeys Postdoctoral Associate, University of Louisiana in Cognitive Evolution NYU Ryan Raaum Nucleotide substitution rate variation in the Catarrhini Postdoctoral Associate, Rockeffeller University NYU Susan Lappan Energetics of infant care in the primate genus Hylobates Columbia Sasimar Sangchantr Social Organization and Ecology of Mentawai Leaf Monkeys (Presbytis potenziani) Columbia Chet Sherwood Neural Substrates of Primate Communication: A Comparative Histometric Study of the Orofacial Motor System Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Kent State University Columbia Jim Warfield Attachment Bonds and Behavior in Free-ranging Male Infant Rhesus Monkeys: Species-typical Patterns and Individual Differences in Secure Base Use and Security Postdoctoral Associate, Rutgers University

60. Scientific American Frontiers . Worried Sick . The Primates' Stress Club | PBS For baboonssmart, successful primates with no real enemies- competing for socialposition turns out to be a major source of stress. http://www.pbs.org/saf/1310/segments/1310-1.htm

Like humans, most of baboons' stress comes from social interactions. It's not easy being an antelope. You could be grazing peacefully one minute, fleeing a hungry predator-literally running for your life-the next. That's why mammals have evolved a physiological response to stress that enables them to devote all their efforts to running away from danger. Called the "fight or flight" response, hormones released by a stressful situation increase blood pressure, blood flow and heart rate while quickly mobilizing extra energy. At the same time many of the body's other systems are shut down. Sound familiar? Maybe you experienced a similar feeling the last time you had to speak in public, go to the dentist or take a challenging test. That's because social situations can trigger the fight or flight response in primates-the biological family that includes humans, apes and monkeys. In "The Primates' Stress Club," Alan meets Stanford University researcher Robert Sapolsky, who has studied the complex rules of baboon social life for thirty years. For baboons-smart, successful primates with no real enemies- competing for social position turns out to be a major source of stress.

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