21. BUAV - PRIMATES IN PERIL Olive baboons are highly adaptable and sociable primates. Their life span is3040 years. They travel in troops whose size varies from eight to one hundred http://www.buav.org/primates/

The BUAV has undertaken one of its most dangerous investigations to date, into the international trade in wild caught baboons for research. BUAV investigators travelled to Tanzania to infiltrate the primate supply network. We uncovered evidence of wild baboons being kept in shocking conditions prior to their export to laboratories around the world. Our unique footage has revealed the appalling treatment inflicted on these highly sensitive and sociable animals. Sold for as little as $12 each (£8) by the trappers, these primates are then sold on to the international research industry for up to $1200 per baboon (approximately £800). Tanzania is East Africa's largest country. It has rich and varied ecosystems and is a country of great natural wealth and spectacular beauty. Mt Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is amongst Tanzania's most popular attractions. It is also well-known for its extensive flora and fauna and is home to more than 4 million wild animals, including many non-human primates, over 60,000 insect species, more than 1000 bird species and a host of plant species. It is thus a popular destination for tourists who are playing an increasingly important role in the Tanzanian economy. Prior to our investigation, little was known as to the exact location of the baboon dealers' trapping sites and holding stations in Tanzania. Thus on arrival in the country, the BUAV investigators had to carry out detective work during which they met with suspicion and on occasions hostility, often finding themselves in potentially dangerous situations. Their perseverance, however, paid off and soon they were able to start unravelling the secret world of the Tanzanian primate dealers.

22. BUAV - British Union For The Abolition Of Vivisection - News Archive 2000 Shocking exposé of the cruel trade in African baboons for research The tradein primates for research exacerbates these already escalating problems. http://www.buav.org/news/2000/10-30.html

@import url(../../styles/styleimport.css); Skip menus ABOUT US CAMPAIGNS MEDICAL RESEARCH ... PRESS CENTRE NEWS ARCHIVE News Archive 2000 30th October 2000 The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) has today revealed the shocking results of its undercover investigation into the international trade in wild caught baboons for research. BUAV investigators travelled to Tanzania to infiltrate the primate supply network and obtained unique footage that reveals the suffering inflicted on these highly sensitive non-human primates. Our investigation has revealed: the capture of wild baboons using cruel, crude, bamboo traps. the appalling conditions in which baboons are held prior to their export to laboratories around the world - kept singly in cramped wooden crates. Tanzania is a country of great natural wealth and spectacular beauty. It is well known for its extensive flora and fauna and is home to more than 4 million wild animals; including many non-human primates. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for tourists who travel to the country keen to experience wildlife safaris to see animals in their natural habitat. Yet, there is a side to Tanzania that remains hidden - the secret but lucrative trade in wild Olive baboons (Papio anubis). Key customers include international primate dealers based in the USA as well as laboratories in Russia and Yugoslavia. The baboons are trapped using bamboo-constructed traps and bananas as bait. Once a baboon enters the trap, he treads on a trip wire that causes the trap to fall. A heavy boulder tied to the trap ensures that the animal cannot escape. Sometimes whole families of baboons are captured. One trapper told the BUAV how he secures any caught baboons with a piece of rope and ties them to a tree until the dealer comes along to collect them. From the trapping fields the baboons are moved to holding stations where they may be kept for a number of weeks. BUAV investigators filmed wild caught adult baboons held at the dirty, run-down site of one of the main Tanzanian dealers, Zainab Wild Market. The baboons were imprisoned in cramped and appalling conditions - kept individually in rows of small, dark wooden dilapidated crates, poorly constructed with bits of wood nailed together and broken wire with wire floors. The animals were unable to stand at full height and could barely turn around.

23. Simmons: Graminivorous Adaptations Of Adaptation to grasseating in gelada baboons. primates, 33 69-83. Dunbar, RIM,1984. Reproductive Decisions. Princeton UP, Princeton. http://www.anthropology.emory.edu/EA/simmons.html

Theropithecus gelada Graminivorous Adaptations of Theropithecus gelada by Leigh Simmons The challenges presented by inaccessible food sources may have played a large role in the evolution of the primate brain. Solving the problem of removing small nuts from shells or capturing tiny insects requires animals to be ingenious in their feeding methods; they may begin to mentally map the location of the food if they cannot see it, or they may use tools to access their foods (A. Jolly 1985). Theropithecus gelada of Ethiopia occupy a graminivorous niche; they feed chiefly upon the greenest blades of grasses which they must carefully pluck using their long thumbs (Krentz 1993). It has been suggested that the gelada, with their highly-developed precision grip, resemble the early hominids, who were also small-object feeders (C. Jolly, in A. Jolly 1985). Theropithecus gelada have adapted to a graminivorous niche in several ways, and this specific niche occupation has various effects on the gelada’s behavior. If their preferred grass blades are not in good supply, the gelada will eat roots, bulbs, and rhizomes; this dietary flexibility is especially needed during the dry season. Morphological characteristics specialized to the graminivorous niche include dentition, thumb opposability, robusticity, a seated feeding position, and terrestriality. The gelada’s occupation of a graminivorous niche offers much protection on the Ethiopian savanna; no other primate shares the same feeding habits and schedule as the gelada.

24. Primate Gifts, Toys And Collectibles: Monkeys, Gorillas, Chimps, Apes, Baboons, primates (Click on the animal name to jump to that animal. baboons, chimps,gorillas, lemurs, mandrils, monkeys, orangutans, siamangs, tamarins http://www.tapirback.com/tapirgal/gifts/friends/primate.htm

Tapir and Friends Wildlife Gift Shop Gifts that help save endangered species Main Gift Menu Order and Contact Info Tapir Fund Site Map ... View Cart Join Us In Bringing Joy To The Youngest Victims Of Hurricane Katrina Click for more information Primates (Click on the animal name to jump to that animal. Click your browser's BACK button to return to this list) Baboons chimps gorillas lemurs ... tamarins Plastic animals, stuffed animals, puppets, animal jewelry Chimps (Chimpanzees) F175 - Chimp (Chimpanzee) Hand Puppet, 11-inch plush - for adult-size hands US $20.00 Chimp, 2 1/4-inch plastic See Item and Order Chimp, jumbo 14-inch plastic See Item and Order F569 - Plastic Chimp, 2 3/4 inches with movable parts See Item and Order Small Apes Siamang Aluminum Jewelry See Item and Order Baboons / Mandrills Mandrill, 1 1/4-inch plastic See Item and Order Mandrill, 1 1/2-inch plastic See Item and Order Mandrill, 4-inch hollow plastic See Item and Order Tamarins F772 - Golden Lion Tamarin, 1 1/4-inch plastic US $1.00 See Item and Order Stuffed Cotton-Top Tamarin See Item and Order Monkeys F118 - Monkey Plastic Drinking Cup, child-size

25. étude Sur Les Primates The Chimpanzees and baboons filter their drink water baboons and other speciesof primates in the National park of Niokolo Koba and, out of this park, http://www.sos-magots.com/etudesinges2ang.htm

let us defend them Version Vote for this site in Weborama FIELDS FOR SAVAGE ANIMALS. STUDY ON THE PRIMATES The Chimpanzees and baboons filter their drink water To know Some More To contact Anh Galat-Luong, IRD, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal. TéL. 00 221 832 34 80, Fax : 00 221 832 43 07, e-mail : Anh.Galat-Luong@dakar.ird.snemail Haut de page Information primates Their manner of living ... Partners

26. Bibliography and thermoregulation in yellow baboons. primates 27449463. Thermal effectson movement patterns of yellow baboons. primates 2991-105. http://www.princeton.edu/~baboon/bibliography-alpha.html

Alphabetical Bibliography ( click here for chronological A B C ... Z A Alberts, S.C. 1992. Maturation and dispersal in male baboons Papio cynocephalus . Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago. Alberts, S.C. 1994. Vigilance in young baboons: effects of habitat, age, sex and maternal rank on glance rate. Animal Behaviour 47:749-755 Alberts, S.C. and Altmann, J. 1995. Balancing costs and opportunities: dispersal in male baboons. American Naturalist 145:279-306 Alberts, S.C. and Altmann, J. 1995. Preparation and activation: determinants of age at reproductive maturity in male baboons. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36:397-406. Alberts, S. C., Altmann, J., and Wilson, M. L. 1996. Mate guarding constrains foraging activity of male baboons. Animal Behaviour 51:1269-1277 Alberts, S.C. 1999. Paternal kin discrimination in wild baboons. Proceeding Royal Society London B Bio 266:1501-1506 Alberts, S.C. 1999. Thirteen

27. Satya Sept. 1999: Editorial By Catherine Clyne But baboons are primates. Did I mention that baboon flesh may also be “cured forsale as a delicacy in western Europe”? And don’t worry, nothing will go to http://www.satyamag.com/sept99/sat.62.edit.html

Editorial: They're Not One of "Us"...Or Are They? By Catherine Clyne A front-page article in the New York Times http://arrs.envirolink.org/gap/gaphome.html Catherine Clyne Back Next SEND THIS PAGE TO A FRIEND

28. The NewTechDaily(tm) experiments last month with baboons have proved that higher primates can perform This university research supports the view that higher primates can http://newtechusa.com/humor/higherprimate.asp

(Note: Be sure to visit The NewTechDaily to catch breaking news on this developing story.) Higher Primates Can Program After VB.NET Training Smarter Software Leads to ‘Primate Programming’ Research SAN DIEGO, CA — Here by the San Diego zoo, experiments last month with baboons have proved that higher primates can perform software testing, traverse complex menus, and code simple XML schemas. The finding have implications for the entire software industry, with some scientists predicting routine programming such as maintenance and report writing will be performed by teams of primates within 10 years. McAuliffe’s work builds on research conducted in 2003 at several research universities. This university research supports the view that higher primates can learn language and perform complex cognitive tasks. Researcher Dr. James McAuliffe found that baboons could use and test software, and perform simple programming tasks. The results were published recently in the Journal of American Zoology.

29. Baboons Guide - Monkeymania Guide To Primates baboons are amoungst the largest of primates. All species of Baboon have cheekpouches which enable them to grab food quickly and run with it, http://www.monkeymania.co.uk/azbaboon.htm

Baboon information Baboons are amoungst the largest of primates. All species of Baboon have cheek pouches which enable them to grab food quickly and run with it, without the need to stop and chew. Baboons have large canine teeth and long snouts. Baboons' ears and faces have no fur. Their arms and legs (forelimbs and hindlimbs) are approximately equal in length, giving baboons their amusing "stoop" in movement. Baboons have tails which vary in length, but are generally long. Baboons have thick and course fur the colour of which varies with species and habitat. Baboons range from 50-60 cm in length. Male baboons are up to twice as large as females and often have long hair around the shoulders, which makes them look larger still. Baboons are ground-dwelling creatures and generally group in numbers ranging from 15 to 200 in size. Baboons prefer to live on rocky plains or in hilly regions, although they can also be found in sparse forests. They usually feed during the day, although they have been known to raid farms at night. Where the camera icon ( ) appears in the table, click it for a picture of the species. Likewise, where the name is underlined click for more information on that species.

30. The Primates: Old World Monkeys Large male baboons aggressively hunt other monkeys, small chimpanzees, The Cebidae and Atelidae are larger and are also the only primates that have http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/prim_6.htm

Old World Monkeys The Old World monkeys occupy a wide variety of environments in South and East Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and even Gibraltar at the southern tip of Spain. Some species inhabit tropical forests, while others live on arid grasslands and even mountainous areas with heavy winter snows. Natural range of Old World monkeys There are at least 78 species of Old World monkeys in two subfamilies-the Cercopithecinae and the Colobinae . Monkeys in both groups are relatively large, being about the size of small to medium-size dogs. Cercopithecinae Most Old World monkeys are cercopithecines . Included in this subfamily are the baboons mangabeys mandrills guenons patas monkeys , and macaques . These are all African species with the exception of the macaques which also live in Asia and Gibraltar. Macaque (Japan) P atas monkey (Africa) Many species of cercopithecines sleep in trees or on cliff faces and spend their days in large groups foraging for food on grasslands. Perhaps, the most familiar of these semi-terrestrial monkeys are the African baboons.

31. Kenya Beasts - Primates baboons. Yellow Baboon baboons. The Baboon, Papio cyanocephalus, is a largeterrestrial monkey with a somewhat doglike head. There are 2 subspecies found http://www.kenyabeasts.org.uk/four.htm

Primates Baboons Baboons The Baboon, Papio cyanocephalus , is a large terrestrial monkey with a somewhat dog-like head. There are 2 subspecies found in Kenya; the Yellow Baboon found in Eastern Kenya and the Olive Baboon found throughout the rest of the country. The 2 species can be told apart by build, the Yellow Baboon is slimmer and longer limbed, and by the presence of a mane (present in the Olive Baboon but absent in the Yellow). For more on Kenya's Baboons see Moving the Pumphouse Gang Monkeys Black and White Colobus The Black and White Colobus Colobus guereza also known as the Guereza is a very distinctive and beautiful monkey with its jet black coat and flowing white mantle. They live mostly high in the forest canopy and are difficult to get a close look at. We have mostly seen them only in fleeting glimpses as they moved through the tops of trees. However Mountain Lodge on Mount Kenya can be a good spot to get a closer look as the local troop occasionally comes through the lodge grounds at sunset, on route to their sleeping areas. The roof top look out area is excellent for a tree-top view of the troop. They are, however, shy and wary of humans. Vervet The Vervet

32. The Primates Of East Africa Some primates especially baboons and apes, have such well-developed dexterity Next to humans, baboons are the best adapted of the terrestrial primates. http://www.articlealley.com/article_4335_29.html

Home About Contact Advertise ... Author Area Search: Path: Home Travel-and-Leisure Topics Automotive Blogs Business Career ... Women Most Popular Authors Jeff Lakie (150) Doug Firebaugh (102) Dave Lavinsky (96) Carrie Reeder (92) ... More Authors The Primates of East Africa Author: Andrew Muigai Primates are a category of mammals that include humans, apes, lemurs and monkeys.Covering over 185 species, they range from lemurs -with hardly any resemblance to humans- to chimpanzees, which are clearly our own kin. In size, they range from the tiny 60 g bush baby to the huge 200 kg gorilla. Primates are characterized by a complex brain, good binocular vision and means of grasping. In addition, they experience long periods in the womb, followed by slow maturation and elongated lifespan. Africa has the privilege of hosting 51 primate species in habitats varying from forests to savannah woodlands. And new primate species are still being discovered. One of the latest additions is the highland mangabey monkey, whose domicile is the Udzungwa Mountains of southern Tanzania. Scientists were delighted, but nevertheless puzzled when they reported the finding in May 2005; "This exciting discovery demonstrates once again how little we know about our closest living relatives, the nonhuman primates. A large, striking monkey in a country of considerable wildlife research over the last century has been hidden right under our noses," said Russell Mittermeier of the IUCN-The World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission.

33. Primates And Sea Mammals - Sexuality Of The Young primates. baboons. Adult male Savanna baboons, Papio cynocephalus, and adultfemale Hamadryas baboons, Papio hamadryas, may mate with juvenile animals, http://www.stormloader.com/munaypata/Primates.htm

Primates and Sea Mammals - Sexuality of their Young Marine Mammals Primates Baboons Adult male Savanna Baboons, Papio cynocephalus , and adult female Hamadryas Baboons, Papio hamadryas , may mate with juvenile animals, incestuos matings are common in inbred trrops. Adult male Savanna baboons sometimes rape younger females, often seriously injuring them. Many male baboons act as "baby-sitters" for infants, altough occasionally the youngsters become injured during fights between their baby-sitter (or "kidnapper") and other males. Bonnet Macaque and Crab-eating Macaque Macaca radiata and Macaca fascicularis . Incestuos mother-som matings which result in pregnancy do occur. Males can develop intense sexual friendships with one another, especially between older and younger males. Capuchin monkeys Cebus albifrons . Young males often suck and fondle the scrotum of older males. Common Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes. Mothers engage in sexual activity with their infants fairly often. Young females typically experience a one-to-three year period of adolescent sterility after their first menstruation, during which time they mate heterosexually without concieving. Incestuos matings between ADULTS are not common. Gorrilla Gorilla gorilla . Younger animals frequently participate in non-penetrative sexual activity. Mountings of the later type are usually incestuos, involving siblings, half siblings or (more rarely) parents.

34. Baboon Printout- EnchantedLearning.com Distribution and Range baboons live in savannas, open woods, grasslands, rockyareas, These intelligent primates are endangered due to loss of habitat. http://www.zoomdinosaurs.com/subjects/mammal/monkey/Baboonprintout.shtml

Join Enchanted Learning Site subscriptions last 12 months. Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year or other amount (via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. AllAboutMammals.com Baboon Animal Printouts Label Me! Printouts The Baboon is the largest type of monkey. It is a noisy, ferocious, ground-dwelling Old World monkey that lives in groups called troops. Troops vary in size from a few individuals to up to several hundred members. Distribution and Range : Baboons live in savannas , open woods, grasslands , rocky areas, and dry lands, in Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula. These intelligent primates are endangered due to loss of habitat. Anatomy : Baboons have a large, muscular body with gray to brown fur. The face and buttocks are hairless and sometimes brightly colored. The female has duller colors than the male. The largest species of baboons grow to be about 35 inches (90 cm) long. Baboons weigh from 30 to 100 pounds (14 to 45 kg). Males are larger than females and have large, pointed canine teeth. Baboons have cheek pouches and a dog-like face. Diet : Baboons are omnivores (they eat both plants and meat). They eat grasses, roots

35. ONPRC Our primates. The Center maintains colonies of 3349 rhesus monkeys (pictured at Also in 2003, the Center became the home of 11 juvenile male baboons. http://onprc.ohsu.edu/animals/index.cfm?doc_id=82

36. Baboons In Africa As with most other primates man included - baboons are omnivorous, eating bothvegetable and animal matter. The troop forages in a loose pack, http://www.wildwatch.com/resources/mammals/baboon.asp

WildWatch Home CC Africa Lodges African Safaris Subscribe ... Mammals SAVANNAH BABOONS - Life in the Troop Baboons are large terrestrial monkeys confined to Africa. The number of species is disputed, with some authors lumping the Guinea, chacma, olive and yellow baboon as a single species - the 'savanna baboon' - while others regard them as four distinct species. Anatomically and behaviourally, the four are very similar, it is primarily the colour and length of the coat which distinguishes them. There is some overlap in their ranges where hybridisation occurs. The hamadryas or sacred baboon belongs to the same genus - Papio - and shares some traits with the Guinea baboon, including living in small family groups rather than large troops. The sacred baboon occurs in the arid reaches of the Horn of Africa. Life in the troop Baboons live in troops which usually number between 20 and 80 individuals, though bigger groups of well over 100 are known. The troops consist of several 'kinship' groups of adult females and their generations of offspring, as well as a number of mature, sexually-active males.

37. Lickety-Split Ranch & Zoo: baboons are social primates that are found in groups ranging from a single familyto a troop of 200 or more. They have cheek pouches and naked callosities http://www.licketysplitranch.ca/primates.html

Mickey Rhesus Macaque From: South-central Asia Climate: cold winters and cool summers Size: 63 cm (25 in) long Weight: Rhesus Monkeys (macaque) are found throughout India and Nepal, eastern Afghanistan, and northeastern China and Indochina. They are partly migratory, sometimes ascending the Himalayas to an altitude of about 2500 m (about 8200 ft) in summer to find some releif from the heat. An adult rhesus has a stoutly built body, with a tail the length as their body. The skin hangs in loose folds about the neck, breast, and abdomen. The silky hair is yellowish brown, the naked skin is brown to yellowish-brown, and the large posterior callosities are bright red. The monkeys live in troops of 8 to 180 individuals. These monkeys are held sacred by the Hindus. Because of their similar physiology to humans, we often use them for scientific experiments. In fact, the Rh factor in blood (the positive or negative) is named after the rhesus monkeys used to discover it. (Source: encarta.msn.com

38. NWF - International Wildlife Magazine - Monkeys, Baboons Neither of these techniques works well with primates such as baboons. Even where the baboons would sleep was a concern. Most primates sleep in trees to http://www.nationalwildlife.org/internationalwildlife/1998/baboon.html

About NWF Contact Us Search IN-DEPTH RESOURCES: OUR PROGRAMS WHERE WE WORK NEWSROOM Home ... Donate Today Moving The Pumphouse Gang By Shirley C. Strum A daring experiment to translocate a much-studied baboon troop opens new possibilities for saving other primates THE PLACE looked like prophesies of nuclear winter: trees with no leaves and withered vegetation so dry that it was not brown but gray. The sunlight, even a few minutes after dawn, made harsh shadows everywhere. Both light and shadows increased relentlessly minute by minute. To make matters worse, there was little water and no sign of rain. This stark landscape might have been fascinating, but I was worried, not captivated. Three troops of olive baboons lived here because of me, strangers in this harsh and unpredictable environment, and I felt responsible for their fate. Their original home, 200 kilometers (125 mi.) away, had dry seasons but nothing this severe. In their old haunts, they had the experience and knowledge they needed to make the best of even the worst times. Here they were part of an unprecedented and quite daringsome even said crazyexperiment. Fourteen years ago, out of necessity, I had moved 132 baboons to this desolate spot. Translocating these animals gave them a chance to stay alive, although, at the time, I didn't know just how much of a chance. I did know that if the experiment succeeded, an important scientific project would be saved, and a new technique might be developed that would help to conserve endangered primates elsewhere.

39.  WaNPRC-Primate Species Macaques and baboons are among the most adaptable of nonhuman primates in thesense that they can adjust to a variety of environments. http://www.wanprc.org/WaNPRC/species.htm

CENTER INFORMATION Mission Statement Publications ... Contact Natural History of the Primate Species Housed at the Washington National Primate Research Center Of the more than 250 nonhuman primate species in the world, only four commonly participate in research projects at the WaNPRC. These include savanna baboons and three species of macaque. None of the primate species used in research at the WaNPRC is endangered or threatened with extinction. The WaNPRC colony includes 3 of the 19 macaque species identified by scientists: Macaca nemestrina —the pigtailed macaque, Macaca fascicularis —the longtailed macaque, and Macaca mulatta —the rhesus macaque. Pigtailed macaques inhabit tropical evergreen rainforests of Southeast Asia from Burma to Indonesia, including the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. Longtailed macaques are found in many of the same places as pigtailed macaques, but they have a larger geographical distribution, extending to numerous islands including Java, Bali, and the Philippines. Where they are found in the same general location, these two species tend to separate ecologically. The longtailed macaques are more likely to be along rivers or in secondary forest, on flatter terrain, and at lower elevations than pigtailed macaques. Pigtailed macaques more often inhabit primary forest and hilly terrain. Rhesus macaques are broadly distributed in Asia, extending from eastern Afghanistan, across much of India and

40. Environmental Enrichment For Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide The response of grouphoused baboons to three enrichment toys. The effect offood distribution on captive old world primates. http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/primates/primbibh.htm

Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide , March 1999 Articles on Old World Monkeys "Articles on Old World Monkeys" is a chapter from: Kreger, Michael D. (March 1999). Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide AWIC Resource Series No. 5. U.S. Department of A griculture, National Agricultural Library, Animal Welfare Information Center, Beltsville, MD. E-mail: awic@nal.usda.gov The following are links to AWIC and other chapters in this publication: AWIC Main Contents Main Introduction Using this Resource Guide ... Bibliography: Articles or Books/Conference Proceedings AWIC Newsletter Articles Appendix A NOTE: Call numbers are included for publications contained in the collection of the National Agricultural Library (NAL). While NAL does not sell audiovisuals or publications from its collection, materials may be borrowed by interlib r ary loan. Borrowing information can be found on the NAL website http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/ Adams, R.J. and W.E. Britz (1997). The baboon suite: novel method to increase the size of a baboon cage to meet the requirements for the care and use of laboratory animals.

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