81. From The November 2004 Anthropology News Michelle Bigenho And The year 2004 has marked the end of the UN Decade for indigenous People. My own research among aymaraspeaking highland peasants who follow a http://www.aaanet.org/apla/anewsnovember2004.html

82. Bolivia: Highlights Of The Andes And The Amazon - Tours Of Exploration It is comprised of 80% indigenous people of the aymara and Quechua culture, manyof whom are direct descendents of the Inca and maintain their traditional http://www.toursexplore.com/phpWeb/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view

83. MSN Encarta - Native Americans Of Middle And South America As recently as 1970, it was unheard of for indigenous people to attend college . As early as 1900 Adventist missions attracted many aymara peasants on http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509044_23/Native_Americans_of_Middle_and_

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items ancient civilizations – Aztec ancient civilizations – Inca more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Native Americans of Middle and South America Search for books and more related to Native Americans of Middle and South America Encarta Search Search Encarta about Native Americans of Middle and South America Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Native Americans of Middle and South America ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 23 of 23 Native Americans of Middle and South America Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 106 items Article Outline Introduction Culture Areas History Native Americans Today D Education The future of indigenous languages is linked to education. Most Latin American countries have highly centralized, urban-oriented, school systems with instruction only in Spanish. Longstanding neglect of education in indigenous rural areas prior to the 1970s caused large literacy gaps between nonindigenous and indigenous populations, especially among women. But rural schooling began to improve greatly after 1970. However, the differences in literacy between nonindigenous and indigenous populations are still dramatic: In Colombia, 16 percent of all Colombians were illiterate in the 1980s versus 45 percent of indigenous Colombians. In Guatemala 40 percent of all citizens were illiterate versus 79 percent of indigenous ones; in Panama the rate was 14 percent versus 62 percent; and in Paraguay 13 percent versus 70 percent.

84. 'War On Terror' Has Indigenous People In Its Sights - Empire? - Global Policy Fo people to violence, which could translate into armed struggle,” aymara In Ecuador, indigenous people account for an estimated 40 percent of the http://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/terrorwar/analysis/2005/0606terrorindig.htm

about GPF What's New Newsletter Sitemap ... *Opinion Forum 'War on Terror' Has Indigenous People in Its Sights By Gustavo González Inter Press Service June 6, 2005 The ”war on terror”, identified in Amnesty International's annual report as a new source of human rights abuses, is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market policies and ”neo-liberal” globalisation. In the United States ”there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilising elements and terrorists,” and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer José Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco (670 km south of the Chilean capital), told IPS. Pedro Cayuqueo, director of the Mapuche newspaper Azkintuwe, also from the city of Temuco, wrote that the growing indigenous activism in Latin America and Islamic radicalism are both depicted as threats to the security and hegemony of the United States in the ”Global Trends 2020 - Mapping the Global Future” study by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC). NIC works with 13 government agencies, including the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), and is advised by experts from the United States and other countries. Cayuqueo described the report as ”a veritable x-ray” of potential ”counterinsurgency scenarios” from now to the year 2020. In the process of drafting the report, NIC organised 12 regional conferences around the world, one of which was held in Santiago in June 2004.

85. SerIndigena - Pueblos Originarios De Chile The Chilean indigenous People Portal contribute to the valoration and The regions are available in indigenous languages .aymara Ver páginas en lengua http://www.beingindigenous.org/regions/help/welcome_tour.htm

Home Help Downloads Being Indigenous Overview The Chilean Indigenous People Portal contribute to the valoration and difussion of the cultural expressions of the Chilean Indigenous People. The portal is available in different languages: Serindigena.cl (Spanish version also with translations to Aymara, Rapa Nui and Mapudungun Languages) . Beingindigenous.org ( English version). Also we have the Magazine.serindigena.cl that is a on line publication about the current news of Chilean Indigenous People. At the moment a few articles and features are available in english. Regions Beingindigenous.org is composed of 13 Regions Each region has information about an especific Chilean Indigenous People. Regions: Aymara Quechua Kolla Rapa Nui ... Yagan The regions are available in indigenous languages: Aymara Rapa Nui Mapudungun There are four main subjects in each region: People (general description, history, environment)

86. Native American - Definition Of Native American In Encyclopedia In Latin America, the preferred expression is indigenous peoples (pueblos indígenasin Spanish, povos indígenas in Portuguese). However, Indians (indios http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Native_American

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law Native Americans (also Indians Aboriginal Peoples American Indians First Nations Alaskan Natives , or Indigenous Peoples of America ) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization , and their modern descendants. This term comprises a large number of distinct tribes states , and ethnic groups , many of them still enduring as political communities. Depending on the context, the terms "Indian" or "Native American" may or may not include the Eskimos Inuit Yupik , and Aleut peoples), whose culture and genetics are distinct from the other groups. The terms may be construed either to include or to exclude the Canadian Métis Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early history 2 European colonization of the Americas 3 Native Americans in the United States 3.1 Early relations ... 10 External links Early history See also: Archeology of the Americas Based on anthropological and genetic evidence, scientists generally agree that most Native Americans descend from people who

87. The Language Of Peru, Words And Phrases In Aymara, Spanish And Quechua Quechua is an Amerindian language (language spoken by the indigenous people of the aymara is the name of a SouthAmerican people and their language. http://www.earthyfamily.com/PU-words.htm

Recipes Peru Fiji Egypt ... Chinese New Years Name: Email Address: We promise to treat your personal information with respect and confidentiality, it will not be shared, traded or used for any other purpose than to send you the requested newsletter. Peru Language The people of Peru speak three different languages: Spanish, Quechua (both of these are considered official languages) and Aymara, which although it is spoken widely in Peru, is not considered an official language as such. Spanish The Spanish alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet. It uses the standard 26 letters: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - X - W - Y - Z Acute Used to mark stress on a syllable that does not follow the normal pattern of the language. Diaeresis Tilde Quechua Quechua had no written alphabet, but did have an accounting system based on khipu-strings.

88. Behind The Indigenous-led Uprising In Bolivia aymara indigenous people and to a lesser degree Quechuas joined the communityafter being forced off their small farms. They bring strong organizational http://www.workers.org/2005/world/bolivia-0623/

Home News Around the world In the U.S. ... Donate Email this article Printable page Email the editor Fight for socialism ... Translate this page Behind the Indigenous-led uprising in Bolivia By Berta Joubert-Ceci Published Jun 14, 2005 9:54 PM A union of the Bolivian Workers Central marches in Sucre on June 9 to demand that two politicians renounce succession, for a constituent assembly, the nationalization of the natural gas and general elections. Photo: Bolivia Indymedia They also rose up against their own capitalist class, which has been the agent of their subjugation by foreign monopolies. Bolivia, with a population of 9 million, is the poorest country in South America Yet it is rich in natural gas. Bolivia has the second biggest natural-gas reserve in the region, after Venezuela. In the hands of foreign companies like Repsol, British Petroleum, Total, Enron, Shell, Petrobras and others, this natural wealth has done nothing to improve the quality of life of the masses. Infant mortality is very high: For every 1,000 live births, 56 babies die. Maternal mortality is 550 per 100,000 live births. Around 30 percent of the population lives on less than $1 a day. Poverty and social exclusion hit the Indigenous people hardest. The Indigenous are 62 percent of the population.

89. BOLIVIA: Movement Towards Where? That year, protests spread to the aymara indigenous people of the altiplanohighlands above La Paz. The 2002 national elections propelled the country’s http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/2005/630/630p12b.htm

Latest GLW About Green Left Weekly ... Online troops home poll BOLIVIA: Movement Towards Where? Federico Fuentes No one can talk about the crisis in Bolivia, the site of continuous waves of mobilisation, road blockades and general strikes that have thrown out two presidents already, without mentioning Evo Morales. No matter what the viewpoint of the analyst, Morales and his party, the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), are seen as key to understanding the unfolding situation. This hostility has only been matched by the campaign run against MAS and Morales by the right. As far back as December 2001, the then-US ambassador to Bolivia compared Morales to Osama bin Laden, and called his cocalero By the late 1980s, the cocaleros had become a powerful symbol of resistance. The coca leaf is a powerful part of traditional indigenous culture, and their defence of the right to grow it, combined with a legacy of opposing military intervention in Bolivia, made the cocaleros symbols of the struggle for Bolivian sovereignty, in the face of imperialist encroachment. MAS emerged out of this struggle. In a November 2002 interview in

90. Latin America: ‘War On Terror’ Zeroes In On Indigenous People people to violence, which could translate into armed struggle,” aymara Mr. Maldus commented to IPS that Latin America’s indigenous people are in the http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_2064.shtml

Subscribe NOI Online Last Updated: Jun 20th, 2005 Front Page Minister Louis Farrakhan National News World News ... Millions More Movement Search All Categories Minister Louis Farrakhan National News World News Perspectives Columns Entertainment News Modern Technology Features Millions More Movement Advanced Search Search archives Subscribe to FinalCall.com E-List Enter email address: Add Latin America: ‘War on Terror’ zeroes in on Indigenous people By Gustavo Gonzalez Updated Jun 20, 2005, 10:42 am Refer this article Print page Riot policemen arrest protesters during a demonstration in La Paz, June 7. A day after ousting Bolivian president Carlos Mesa, tens of thousands of protesters descended on La Paz, some detonating blasting caps, to demand that the Senate leader resign, as well. Photo: AFP SANTIAGO (IPS/GIN) - The “war on terror—identified in Amnesty International’s annual report as a new source of human rights abuses—is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting Indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market globalization. In the United States, “there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilizing elements and terrorists,” and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer Jose Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco, south of the Chilean capital, told IPS.

91. Compare Prices And Read Reviews On Bolivia At Epinions.com Breaking Down The Barriers Bolivia s indigenous People Give An Example To Furthermore, we can see that a native aymara was elected vicepresident of http://www.epinions.com/content_27589709444

Join Epinions Help Sign In Destinations All Categories Advanced Search Home Destinations Bolivia Overall rating: Reviewed by 6 Epinions users Write a Review Compare Prices View Details Read Reviews ... Subscribe to reviews on this product Read Review of Bolivia Review Summary About the Author Breaking Down The Barriers: Bolivia's Indigenous People Give An Example To The World Jun 17 '01 Author's Product Rating Pros Recognition of rights; efforts at creating multicultural societies; developement programs Cons attitudes must change The Bottom Line If you want to tap into the power and much needed contributions toward country-building, get the people, all of them involved in the process. Read about the Natives of Bolivia. Full Review The recent events taking place in South America tend to cause the rest of the world to pay attention. Peru just elected its first Indian-descent president. Alejandro Toledo defeated former President Alan Garcia. But, the recent few years have been marked by the self-imposed exile in Japan of former President Alberto Fujimori. How convenient was it for him to be of Japanese descent! But, Bolivia continues to differentiate itself with all its forms and attempts at giving more rights, land and education to its indigenous peoples. What has it meant to be an indigenous person in Latin America?

92. Hispanic American Center For Economic Research - Indigenous People In South Amer Of Andean Indian descent, he speaks aymara as well as Spanish. This politicalawakening of Latin America s indigenous people is not confined to the http://www.hacer.org/current/LATAM29.php

Weekly Latin American News Report by e-mail Click here to unsubscribe. Home Who We Are History Articles Archive ... Latin BLOGS NEW!! Magazines Links Universities Links Online Library Events Calendar ... Latin American Public Policy Experts Guide new! Today's Markets: DJIA NASDAQ Recommended Book: Indigenous people in South America A political awakening Poverty and a new ethnic politics have spawned radical Indian movements in the Andean countries. Are these a threat or a boost to democracy? LUCIO GUARACHI was born in a village on Bolivia's windswept Altiplano, some 4,000 metres (13,000 feet) above sea level. Of Andean Indian descent, he speaks Aymara as well as Spanish. Since he was ten, he has lived mainly in El Alto, an ever-expanding satellite city of 700,000 people whose self-built houses of bare brick or mud and corrugated iron straggle out into the Altiplano above Bolivia's capital, La Paz. He works, when there is work, in a small workshop making water pumps. Last October, he helped to overthrow an elected president. El Alto was the scene of battles between the army and well-organised protestors that ended with at least 59 dead and the resignation of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, a pro-American mining magnate. The ostensible motive for the protests was a scheme by multinational companies to export liquefied natural gas from Bolivia to California via Chile.

93. LATIN AMERICA: 'War On Terror ' Has Indigenous People In Its Sights : Miami IMC people to violence, which could translate into armed struggle, aymara Maldós commented to IPS that Latin America s indigenous people are in the http://miami.indymedia.org/news/2005/06/1777.php

Home IMC Miami Forum About Us Contact Us ... Calendar Translate Spanish German French Italian Portuguese Japanese Korean Chinese Search the Site Media Text Image Audio Video Other All the Newswires Florida IMCs Tallahasee Tampa Northwest FTAA IMC About Indymedia Visit Indymedia.org What is Indymedia? Indymedia Projects Radio around the world Indymedia TV Indymedia Print Project INDYMEDIA NETWORK printable version email this article by Gustavo González* Tuesday, Jun. 28, 2005 at 4:26 PM Inter Press Service News Agency SANTIAGO, Jun 6 (IPS) - The "war on terror",identified in Amnesty International's annual report as a new source of human rights abuses, is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market policies and "neo-liberal" globalisation. In the United States "there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilizing elements and terrorists," and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer José Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco (670 km south of the Chilean capital), told IPS. Pedro Cayuqueo, director of the Mapuche newspaper Azkintuwe, also from the city of Temuco, wrote that the growing indigenous activism in Latin America and Islamic radicalism are both depicted as threats to the security and hegemony of the United States in the "Global Trends 2020 - Mapping the Global Future" study by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC). NIC works with 13 government agencies, including the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), and is advised by experts from the United States and other countries.

94. PUBLIC LECTURES 2001 Moving Forwards with indigenous peoples into the 21st Century 1st March Filmcontrolling images of indigenous peoples http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/events/seminars/indig/

Institute of Archaeology Public Lecture Series Moving Forwards with Indigenous Peoples into the 21st Century Thursdays 6.30-8.00pm G6 Lecture Theatre, Institute of Archaeology, UCL 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY A unique series of discussions between indigenous people and others concerned with issues relating to the past, present and future of ‘indigenism’. All welcome! No admission charge but donations welcome on the night. Provisional Programme 11th January Human Rights and Indigenous peoples Chair: Professor Peter Ucko, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, UK Speaker: Professor Michael Williams Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 18th January Indigenous Peoples and Multiculturalism Chair: Professor Olivia Harris, Department of Anthropology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK Speakers: 25th January Museums: national, regional and community **[NB: Please note the change of venue for this session only to the Harrie Massey Lecture Theatre, 25 Gordon Street, UCL, London WC1]** Chair: Lorna Abungu, AFRICOM, International Council of African Museums, Nairobi, Kenya

95. Flag Of Inca (Quecha / Aymara) People (Western South America) Flags, Fahnen, Fla Inca (Quecha / aymara) people (Western South America) flags (Fahnen, Flaggen) The indigenous banner is called huipala with the seven colors of the http://www.nationalflaggen.de/flags-of-the-world/flags/xi.html

Fahnen und Flaggen einfach online bestellen Flaggen kaufen bei Nationalflaggen ... .de Inca (Quecha / Aymara) people (Western South America) flags (Fahnen, Flaggen) (work under progress!) Last modified: by antonio martins Keywords: inca quechua kechua qhishwa ... turtle Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors ... Rainbow flag to be replaced? See also: Inca subdivision’s flags clickable map Doubtful reports of Inca flags Awyayala ... South American indigenous peoples Countries: Argentina Bolivia Chile native peoples ... Peru Other sites: Wiphala Símbolo Andino , an expanded and updated version of [ mmfXX Presentation Pusinsuyo " (in Aymara) = " Tawantisuyu " (in Quechua). It means " Four parts " and was the authonym of the Inca Empire. Spelling variants range from " -nsuyo " to " -suyu António Martins , 11 Jul 2004 Although sharing roughly the same territory — the central south american highland —, Aymara however are based mainly in Bolivia and Peru and extending shouthwards to Chile and Argentina, while Quechua has a somewhat northern nucleous and spreads to the north, to Ecuador and Colombia. António Martins , 04 Jun 2000 The Indigenous banner is called huipala with the seven colors of the rainbow (symbolizing the unity of indigenous peoples before the conquest). There are some basic versions of the

96. War On Terror Has Indigenous People In Its Sights - Independent people to violence, which could translate into armed struggle, aymara In Ecuador, indigenous people account for an estimated 40 percent of the http://www.independent-media.tv/item.cfm?fmedia_id=11171&fcategory_desc=World Tr

97. Guardian Unlimited | Special Reports | Reading Between The Pipelines Many among Bolivia s indigenous majority, led by Evo Morales, an aymara Indian, Nearly 75% of Bolivia s 3.9 million indigenous people live below the http://www.guardian.co.uk/ethicalbusiness/story/0,14713,1515680,00.html

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Skip to main content Read today's paper Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Newsblog Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Politics Science Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Technology Travel Been there Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Soulmates dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Feedback Information GNL press office Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Public Home UK Business Online ... Quiz Search this site Go to ... Special report: ethical business Ethical business: archived articles In this section Pulp friction When it comes to the carbon crunch Full of beans Bribery and corruption top Co-op's 'sin list' ... The new bottom line Analysis Reading between the pipelines Oliver Balch asks if policies adopted by energy firms exploiting Latin American resources are sufficient to protect the continent's indigenous peoples Monday June 27, 2005

98. UC Riverside Mellon Workshop Visual Sovereignty indigenous Film and Visual Culture of indigenous imagesby both indigenous peoples in the Americas, and by nonindigenous entities. http://ucrmellonworkshop.ucr.edu/workshops/2004-2005/visual.html

Workshops Visual Sovereignty: Indigenous Film and Visual Culture Specific projects within the workshop seek to address: filmic representations of Hopis, Pueblos of New Mexico, Apaches, and Navajos. This project seeks to investigate films in relationship to the geographies, languages, and material culture of these tribes, and specifically the use of Monument Valley as a site to film many tribes who are not, historically or contemporarily, situated in that place a content analysis of radio novels produced by Taller Historia Oral Andino (in Aymara and Spanish): how they contribute to the notion of the ideal indigenous woman from the standpoint of traditional Aymara philosophy and social organization that is being reclaimed and renovated in Bolivia; filmmaking in Bolivia by indigenous people, that dramatize traditional stories and update them to comment on contemporary issues, or that present entirely new dramas that explore contemporary life from an indigenous optic. the portrayal of mixed race Native people in popular films, especially anxieties that surround filmic representations of mixed race Native women

99. Global Exchange : 'War On Terror' Has Indigenous People In Its Sights people to violence, which could translate into armed struggle, aymara In Ecuador, indigenous people account for an estimated 40 percent of the http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/americas/bolivia/3099.html

Programs in the Americas Africa Americas Argentina Bolivia ... Bolivia 'War on Terror' Has Indigenous People in Its Sights Inter Press Service June 06, 2005 Gustavo González* SANTIAGO, Jun 6 (IPS) - The "war on terror", identified in Amnesty International's annual report as a new source of human rights abuses, is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market policies and "neo-liberal" globalisation. Pedro Cayuqueo, director of the Mapuche newspaper Azkintuwe, also from the city of Temuco, wrote that the growing indigenous activism in Latin America and Islamic radicalism are both depicted as threats to the security and hegemony of the United States in the "Global Trends 2020 - Mapping the Global Future" study by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC). NIC works with 13 government agencies, including the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), and is advised by experts from the United States and other countries. Cayuqueo described the report as "a veritable x-ray" of potential "counterinsurgency scenarios" from now to the year 2020. In the process of drafting the report, NIC organised 12 regional conferences around the world, one of which was held in Santiago in June 2004.

100. GRAIN | Seedling | 1998 | NURTURING THE SEED IN THE PERU aymara – indigenous people from the Puno region of Peru Quechua – indigenouspeople from the Ayacucho region of Peru Pacha – earth, local landscape http://www.grain.org/seedling/?id=138

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