41. The Constitution Of 88 :: Indigenous Peoples In Brazil - ISA The constitutional Rights of the indigenous peoples are expressed in a specificchapter Quechua and aymara, and other ‘aboriginal” languages; finally, http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/english/rights/const.shtm

find your way: Indigenous peoples in Brazil Rights Can the Indian...? The Indian Statute ... International The Constitution of 88 :: Introduction :: Right to be different :: Rights to their land :: Other regulations ... :: Constitutions of other countries Introduction The constitutional Rights of the indigenous peoples are expressed in a specific chapter of the Constitution of 1988 (title VIII, "Of the Social Order ", chapter VIII, "of the indigenous peoples"), aside from other regulations throughout the text and an article of the Acts of the Transitory Constitutional Regulations. This deals with the Rights marked by at least two innovative and important concepts in relation to prior Constitutions and the so-called The Indian Statute. The first innovation is the abandonment of the assimilationist point of view, which considered the indigenous peoples as a transitory social category, destined to disappear. The second innovation is that the rights of the indigenous peoples over their lands are defined in the concept of original rights that are prior to the creation of the State itself. This is a result of the de facto historical recognition that the indigenous peoples were the first occupants of Brazil. The new Constitution establishes, in this manner, a new outlook for the relations between the State, Brazilian society and the indigenous peoples .

42. BOLIVIA: A Nation Holds Its Breath The aymara and Quechua indigenous peoples make up 67% of the Bolivian populationand the vast bulk of the poor, including of the sacked miners. http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/2005/620/620p19.htm

Latest GLW About Green Left Weekly ... Online troops home poll BOLIVIA: A nation holds its breath Federico Fuentes As the dust settles from a wave of mobilisations that paralysed a nation, Bolivia finds itself with a president increasingly unable to govern. Once again, the indigenous peoples of Bolivia have shown that real power lies in the streets. Peasants responded by forcing the shutdown of four oilfields in Bulo Bulo near Cochabamba; coca farmers ( cocaleros ) from the Chapare region blocked access into five key regions; and the country became engulfed in a series of strikes, marches and vigils. British Guardian Since 2000, however, a new militant movement for progressive change has been exploding from the indigenous peoples of the country. The Aymara and Quechua indigenous peoples make up 67% of the Bolivian population and the vast bulk of the poor, including of the sacked miners. As they were forced out of the mines, many turned to growing coca, forming the backbone of the cocalero movement. The cocaleros, with militant union experience and a strong sense of national indigenous culture, have thus become the frontline of resistance to US militarised intervention in the country. The coca leaf has come to represent the basic right of the Bolivian people to live a peaceful, dignified life without foreign intervention. Morales is a leader of this struggle,, with which MAS is closely identified. In 2000, Bechtel, which had just bought the newly privatised water supply contract, raised the price of newly privatised water by 400%, and started charging for collected rainwater. The resulting rebellion forced the re-nationalisation of the water supply.

43. Latin America: ‘War On Terror’ Zeroes In On Indigenous People people to violence, which could translate into armed struggle,” aymara “It’s true that indigenous peoples are a threat, from the point of view of http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/printer_2064.shtml

Home National World Perspectives ... Subscribe FinalCall.com News - Refer This Page World News Latin America: ‘War on Terror’ zeroes in on Indigenous people By Gustavo Gonzalez Updated Jun 20, 2005, 10:42 am SANTIAGO (IPS/GIN) - The “war on terror—identified in Amnesty International’s annual report as a new source of human rights abuses—is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting Indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market globalization. In the United States, “there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilizing elements and terrorists,” and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer Jose Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco, south of the Chilean capital, told IPS. Pedro Cayuqueo, director of the Mapuche newspaper Azkintuwe , also from the city of Temuco, wrote that the growing Indigenous and Islamic activism in Latin America are both depicted as threats to the security and hegemony of the United States in the “Global Trends 2020—Mapping the Global Future” study by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC). NIC works with 13 government agencies, including the CIA, and is advised by experts from the United States and other countries. Mr. Cayuqueo described the report as “a veritable x-ray” of potential “counterinsurgency scenarios” from now to the year 2020.

44. Indigenous Hunger Strike Parlamento del Pueblo Kullana aymara. Arctic. indigenous peoples and NationsCoalition. Kasgit Council of Elders, Nutmlak (Inherent Traditional Government), http://www.freehawaii.org/indigenous.html

HUNGER STRIKE BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' REPRESENTATIVES AT THE UNITED NATIONS! Today, November 29th, 2004, at 11 am, we, Indigenous Peoples' delegates, declare a hunger strike and spiritual fast inside the United Nations Palais des Nations in Geneva, during this 3rd week of the 10th session of the Intersessional Working Group on the United Nations Draft Declaration for the Rights on Indigenous Peoples. We, Indigenous peoples' delegates from different countries, undertake this action, with the support and solidarity of Indigenous Peoples and organizations from around the world, to call the world's attention to the continued attempts by some states, as well as this UN process itself, to weaken and undermine the Draft Declaration developed in the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations and adopted by the UN Subcommission for the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities in 1994. The Sub Commission text has also been endorsed and supported by hundreds of Indigenous Peoples and organizations around the world as the minimum standard required for the recognition and protection of Indigenous Peoples' rights internationally. We delegates who will undertake the hunger strike, along with the undersigned Indigenous Peoples, organizations, tribal governments, Nations, communities and Networks, call for the Sub Commission text of the Declaration to be sent back to the UN Commission on Human Rights with the message that in 10 years, proposals by States to weaken or amend the text have not gained the consensus of the Working Group participants, which include both states and Indigenous Peoples.

45. Wii'nimikiikaa ...Insurrection In Bolivia Since the October revolt, indigenous peoples have pushed forward, occupying land and Government forces began to massacre aymara Indians in September, http://itwillbethundering.resist.ca/issue1/insurrection_bolivia.shtml

Home Mohawks Kick Cops Off Rez Innu Fight For Housing ... John Graham Insurrection in Bolivia The Bolivain President, Goni, was over thrown during an insurrection by Boliva's population which is over 80% indigenous. In October of 2003, a massive social revolt overthrew the President of Bolivia, forcing him to escape to the United States. The uprising was the culmination of more than 500 years of indigenous resistance to colonization and an escalating cycle of indigenous insurrections which have swept the country in the past four years, involving a variety of tactics, including road blockades, the destruction of corporate and government institutions, and armed struggle against the police and military. Since the October revolt, indigenous peoples have pushed forward, occupying land and estates, ousting police and politicians from several towns, and continuing to waging guerrilla warfare on soldiers who are invading their territory and destroying their land. Bolivia is the poorest and least developed country in Latin America, and the indigenous Aymara, Quechua and Guarani nations make up about 70% of its population. A major source of conflict between indigenous peoples and the Bolivian government is the cultivation of coca. With the backing of the United States, Bolivia has been trying to eradicate Indian coca plantations under the pretext of the "War on Drugs." Traditionally, coca has always been a part of indigenous culture in Bolivia, and has many uses, including compensation for the thin air in the high altitudes of the Andean mountains. The coca plantations are also the only source of income for indigenous peoples living on the land, and so they rightly see the Bolivian army's attempts to eradicate coca as an attempt to eradicate indigenous culture and the indigenous people themselves. Many Indian coca growers were formerly employed in the tin mining industry, and are utilizing their skill with dynamite in their armed resistance to Bolivian soldiers and police.

46. Peru Indigenous Peoples - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resour The word indio, as applied to native highland people of Quechua and aymara origin, No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Peru indigenous peoples http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/society/peru_society_indigenous_peoples.ht

Country Ranks INDEX for Peru Society ... Feedback Peru Indigenous Peoples http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/society/peru_society_indigenous_peoples.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Peru Society The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century.

47. OctDec2003Newsletter - Page 4 Of 8 indigenous peoples Make. Themselves Heard. By Héctor Tobar. Above the rocky bowlof La Paz, aymara people sticks, slingshots and http://www.uctp.org/Volume6/OctDec2003Newsletter/index4.html

4 of 8 VOLUME 6, ISSUSE 4 OCTOBER DECEMBE R 2003 Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard Above the rocky bowl of La Paz, this vast township of brick and adobe homes stretches across a dry plain. This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and work when their farms can no longer feed them. For the past week, the hardscrabble order of El Alto gave way to a fervor of rebellion. Armed with the traditional weapons of the built barricades and derailed a train, cutting off and shutting down the capital below them. ourselves to be pushed around was shot in the foot during the better life than us, we are willing to brought down Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada last week was only the most recent and startling expression of a growing militancy and political assertiveness among the native peoples of the Americas. In Ecuador and in Guatemala, indigenous leaders arguably wield more influence in local and national affairs than in any time since the Spanish conquest. And in Chile and Mexico, resistance to the changes

48. Across The Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard | 18/10/2003 Armed with the traditional weapons of the aymara people sticks, The indigenouspeople will march into La Paz and an Indian will sit in the http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/imf/bolivia/txt/2003/1018indigenou

Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard (Reuters) October 18, 2003 By Hector Tobar , Times Staff Writer EL ALTO, Bolivia - Above the rocky bowl of La Paz, this vast township of brick and adobe homes stretches across a dry plain. This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and work when their farms can no longer feed them. For the past week, the hardscrabble order of El Alto gave way to a fervor of rebellion. Armed with the traditional weapons of the Aymara people - sticks, slingshots and muscle - its residents fought the army, built barricades and derailed a train, cutting off and shutting down the capital below them. "We are not going to allow ourselves to be pushed around anymore," said Bernaldo Castillo Mollo, a 37-year-old Aymara bricklayer and jack-of-all-trades who was shot in the foot during the protests. "So that our children have a better life than us, we are willing to die." The Indian-led movement that brought down Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada last week was only the most recent and startling expression of a growing militancy and political assertiveness among the native peoples of the Americas. In Ecuador and in Guatemala, indigenous leaders arguably wield more influence in local and national affairs than in any time since the Spanish conquest. And in Chile and Mexico, resistance to the changes brought by the global economy are helping to feed a renaissance of indigenous organizations.

49. Choike : Indigenous Peoples . ILRC is dedicated to the protection of indigenous peoples’ human rights, cultures, aymara Net. The site has information about social activism, scholars, http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/4/34/links.html

var category = '4'; var subcategory = '34'; Directory NGO sites This site Directory In-depth Reports Campaigns News ... CONTACT Categorias(category); SubCategorias(category,subcategory); Indigenous Peoples recommended Indian Law Resource Center ILRC is dedicated to the protection of indigenous peoples’ human rights, cultures, and traditional lands. The Center provides legal and technical support to indigenous communities working on these issues. Tebtebba Tebtebba Foundation is committed to the recognition, protection and promotion of indigenous peoples' rights worldwide. Kaitiaki - Maori Environmental and Heritage Guardians The site works on behalf of whanau, hapu and iwi, particularly on environment and resource management issues. New Zealand. NGO sites Ak'Tenamit Organization dedicated to reduce poverty in the rain forests of eastern Guatemala. Aldet Centre - Saint Lucia Organization established for the purpose of promoting strategic studies, human rights and democratic development in Saint Lucia (Hiwanaru). Amanaka'a Amazon Network Organization dedicated to support the peoples of the Amazon Rainforest. Brazil.

50. T R U T H O U T - Across The Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard Armed with the traditional weapons of the aymara people sticks, slingshots andmuscle Across the Americas, indigenous peoples Make Themselves Heard http://www.truthout.org/docs_03/102003F.shtml

Print This Story E-mail This Story Go to Original Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard By Héctor Tobar Los Angeles Times Sunday 19 October 2003 Above the rocky bowl of La Paz, this vast township of brick and adobe homes stretches across a dry plain. This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and work when their farms can no longer feed them. For the past week, the hardscrabble order of El Alto gave way to a fervor of rebellion. Armed with the traditional weapons of the Aymara people - sticks, slingshots and muscle - its residents fought the army, built barricades and derailed a train, cutting off and shutting down the capital below them. "We are not going to allow ourselves to be pushed around anymore," said Bernaldo Castillo Mollo, a 37-year-old Aymara bricklayer and jack-of-all-trades who was shot in the foot during the protests. "So that our children have a better life than us, we are willing to die." The Indian-led movement that brought down Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada last week was only the most recent and startling expression of a growing militancy and political assertiveness among the native peoples of the Americas. In Ecuador and in Guatemala, indigenous leaders arguably wield more influence in local and national affairs than in any time since the Spanish conquest. And in Chile and Mexico, resistance to the changes brought by the global economy are helping to feed a renaissance of indigenous organizations.

51. American Indian Movement Of Colorado: Aymara Indians In Peru Rise Up Against The the aymara people clashed again with the police, with several indigenous people Read this article for a perspective about how indigenous peoples are http://www.coloradoaim.org/blog/2004/05/aymara-indians-in-peru-rise-up-against.h

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7068174"); American Indian Movement of Colorado Spirituality • Self-determination • Solidarity • Sobriety Colorado AIM home page Monday, May 24, 2004 Aymara Indians in Peru rise up against the state Last month, in Ilave, Peru, over 10,000 Aymara Indians lynched the mayor of the city after repeated warnings about government corruption went unheeded. (Click here for original story: click ) Today, the Aymara people clashed again with the police, with several indigenous people shot while trying to block the international bridge connecting Peru and Bolivia. (Click here for today's story: click Update - 27 May 2004 - click Peruvian national police attack Aymara Indian community of Ilave, Peru This story is an important example of the mobilization of millions of indigenous people in central and southern Indian America for the reclamation of their freedom. What makes this issue especially intriguing is that the president of Peru, Alejandro Toledo, is Indian himself. Sometimes, it appears, one's allegiance to the state surpasses one's allegiance to Indian people. It seems inevitible that Toledo's misplaced loyalities to the Peruvian state will be his political undoing. The question now arises how many other Indian people will die before the inevitible comes to pass? Read this article for a perspective about how indigenous peoples are shaking up the political status quo throughout the Andean region:

52. RELIGION-LATIN AMERICA: Indigenous Peoples Divided By Faith Among the 40 million indigenous people who live in Latin America today, Eugenio Poma, a Bolivian aymara Indian, Methodist bishop and coordinator of the http://www.ipsnews.net/new_nota.asp?idnews=28583

53. ICTs For Intercultural Dialogue - A UNESCO Project For Indigenous People: UNESCO Preserving indigenous peoples’ cultural resources by fostering access to ICT, the Pygmies and the Himbas in Africa and the Quechua, aymara, Kikanantay, http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=14364&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=2

UNESCO.ORG Education Natural Sciences Culture Communication and Information Sitemap Français WebWorld Communication and Information Resources Communication and Information References Communication and Information Sector News and In Focus Archives News Archives: 2004 ICTs for Intercultural Dialogue - A UNESCO Project for Indigenous People Homepage Themes Access to information Capacity Building ... Information Society News Communication and Information Sector's daily news service Advanced Search ICTs for Intercultural Dialogue - A UNESCO Project for Indigenous People 16-02-2004 (Paris) Preserving indigenous peoples’ cultural resources by fostering access to ICT, thus contributing to narrowing the digital divide – this is the aim of new project entitled "ICTs for Intercultural Dialogue. Developing communication capacities of indigenous peoples (ICT4ID)" that UNESCO has recently launched. Involving ten indigenous communities - the Naga and the Mentowai in the Asia Pacific region, the Pygmies and the Himbas in Africa and the Quechua, Aymara, Kikanantay, Rapa Nui and Mapuche in Latin America - the project aims at fostering the use of ICTs to contribute to revitalizing their identity and at recovering their cultural self worth and dignity. The project is aimed at enabling the management of indigenous cultural resources and the training of stakeholders’ to acquire greater mastery of ICTs, opening up new opportunities for traditional and innovative income generating activities, according to UNESCO project managers Rosa Maria Gonzalez, Frédéric Vacheron and Montserrat Martell.

54. Arctic Indigenous Peoples Experience The Nutrition Transition With Changing Diet Centre for indigenous peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE) and {dagger} gender among rural and urban Mapuche and aymara indigenous People in Chile, http://www.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/134/6/1447

QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Data Supplement ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kuhnlein, H. V. Articles by Egeland, G. M. The American Society for Nutritional Sciences J. Nutr. 134:1447-1453, June 2004 Community and International Nutrition Arctic Indigenous Peoples Experience the Nutrition Transition with Changing Dietary Patterns and Obesity H. V. Kuhnlein O. Receveur R. Soueida and G. M. Egeland School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Canada; and Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ABSTRACT TOP ABSTRACT SUBJECTS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION LITERATURE CITED Indigenous Peoples globally are part of the nutrition transition. They may be among the most extreme for the extent of dietary change experienced in the last few decades. In this paper, we

55. Democracy Now! | Beyond The Gas War: Indigenous Bolivians Fight For "Nationaliza He is a representative of the aymara Quichua indigenous organization in Bolivia . So for the indigenous peoples, whether the natural resources are in the http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/05/25/1414214

56. Indians Shake Up The Political Scene - Independent Media TV In Bolivia, an uprising of Indians, led by aymara leader Evo Morales and others, ?The indigenous peoples have organised politically, and that is a new http://www.independent-media.tv/item.cfm?fmedia_id=3648&fcategory_desc=Issues Re

57. Letter From Indigenous Peoples Organisations On World Bank Management Response T indigenous peoples informed Bank management before, during and after the May 2004 Cordillera peoples Alliance , Philippines Comunidad aymara, Bolivia http://www.minesandcommunities.org/Charter/eirletter5.htm

Mining Communities Charter Letter from Indigenous Peoples Organisations on World Bank Management Response to Extractive Industries Review July 19, 2004 TO: Board of Directors, World Bank Group FROM: Undersigned Indigenous Peoples Organisations Dear Executive Directors, Indigenous peoples took a strong interest in the Extractive Industries Review (EIR) and made a number of submissions and inputs throughout the process. This interest is based on the well documented fact that, without full recognition of and respect for our rights, extractive industries exacerbate poverty among indigenous peoples, undermine our socio-cultural integrity and well being and, in some cases, threaten our survival as distinct peoples. As shown in our detailed submission, the Management Response (MR) to the EIR and the current draft of the safeguard policy on indigenous peoples (draft Operational Policy 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples, 17 May 2004 version) demonstrate that the WBG is failing this fundamental test. We therefore insist that the WBG refrain from funding extractive industry projects until such time as it can demonstrate that our rights, including the right to free, prior and informed consent, are recognized in WBG policies and practice. We urge you, as the Board of Directors of the World Bank Group to shift the balance towards poverty alleviation and sustainable development, by respecting the rights of indigenous peoples.

58. ZNet |Terror War | 'War On Terror' Has Indigenous People In Its Sights people to violence, which could translate into armed struggle, aymara It s true that indigenous peoples are a threat, from the point of view of http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=8031

59. Forum 2004 - Documents: Young Indigenous People Take Action Thanks To The UN The indigenous peoples represented were as follows aymara (Bolivia) Batwa (Burundi)Berber (Morocco) Cariquima (Chile) Cree (Canada) National Council for http://www.barcelona2004.org/eng/banco_del_conocimiento/documentos/ficha.cfm?IdD

60. Hunger Strike By Indigenous Peoples' Representatives At The United Nations! Parlamento del Pueblo Kullana aymara. Arctic indigenous peoples and NationsCoalition Kasgit Council of Elders, Nutmlak (Inherent Traditional Government), http://www.mapuche-nation.org/english/html/news/pr-46.htm

Choose from the following Home Front Page News Articles Documents Environmental Archive Events Calendar Links About Us Home Front Page News Articles ... About Us Hunger Strike by Indigenous Peoples' Representatives at the United Nations! November 29 th, 2004 Today, November 29 th , 2004, at 11 am, we, Indigenous Peoples' delegates, declare a hunger strike and spiritual fast inside the United Nations Palais des Nations in Geneva, during this 3rd week of the 10 th session of the Intersessional Working Group on the United Nations Draft Declaration for the Rights on Indigenous Peoples. We, Indigenous peoples' delegates from different countries, undertake this action, with the support and solidarity of Indigenous Peoples and organizations from around the world, to call the world's attention to the continued attempts by some states, as well as this UN process itself, to weaken and undermine the Draft Declaration developed in the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations and adopted by the UN Subcommission for the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities in 1994. The Sub Commission text has also been endorsed and supported by hundreds of Indigenous Peoples and organizations around the world as the minimum standard required for the recognition and protection of Indigenous Peoples' rights internationally.

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