1. AllRefer.com - Aymara (South American Indigenous Peoples) - AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Aymara, South American Indigenous Peoples. Includes related http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. LookSmart - Directory - Indigenous Peoples Aymara Indigenous Peoples Aymara Explore the history and culture of group originally from the south central part of the Andes Mountains. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Comunity Being Indigenous Music. Videos. Photos.. Languages Aymara Rapa Nui. Mapudungun. Spanish Contact Us Suscribe Guestbook Help Site Map http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. T R U T H O U T - Across The Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard By H ctor Tobar Los Angeles This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Bolivia Indigenous Peoples' Forests Menaced By Oil Exploration The second one is the Samusabeti well, which will affect an area inhabited by the Quichua and aymara indigenous peoples, already hit by repression http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Indigenous Peoples Of Latin America Indigenous Peoples of Latin America. Introduction Print Resources. Related Quick Links Aymara Kaw sqar Maya Tarahumara (Raramuri) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Indigenous Peoples In Latin America Lost Realm of the Aymara Indigenous Culture Feathered Serpent Pyramid Pages. Indigenous Peoples of Mexico. Instituto Nacional Indigenista http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Education In The International Decade Of Indigenous Peoples The Earth as Mother Two major headaches for Indigenous Peoples By Engr. Eugenio Poma, Aymara. Helena Begay, Dineh Nation. Mining and Dams http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Valuing Diversity In Sustainable Development - IFAD Experience Indigenous Peoples Valuing Diverstiy for Sustainable Development (PDF Version) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Organisation Murdoch University School Of Law Keywords Title Indigenous Peoples and Language Author Fernand de Varennes de Educacin Intercultural Bilingue in the Guaran, Aymara and Quecha http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Bolivia: Indigenous Peoples' Forests Menaced By Oil Exploration Indigenous peoples Trinitary, Mojeño and Chimán- live there. which willaffect an area inhabited by the Quichua and aymara indigenous peoples, http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/35/Bolivia.html

Bolivia: Indigenous peoples' forests menaced by oil exploration Bolivia hosts 440,000 sq.km of rainforests, which represent 57% of the lowlands total surface in the country. Deforestation rate reaches 168,000 hectares/year, being the promotion of export crops and logging concessions wantonly granted the main causes of this problem. Environmental NGOs have frequently expressed their concern over the situation of the forestry sector in Bolivia, characterized by the disrespect to indigenous traditional territories and the inefficiency of the government to adequately address the problem (see WRM Bulletin 22). Oil exploration and exploitation is also a depredatory activity affecting Bolivian forests and forest peoples. It has recently been denounced that the company Repsol (mainly composed of Spanish capitals) has entered the Multiethnic Indigenous Territory in the Amazon Forest to perform topographic measurements prior to the drilling of the Eva Eva well. Inhabitants of the town of San Ignacio de Moxos have said that Repsol has already advanced 90 kilometres into the forest, using a road previously opened by loggers. Once more such roads are the way to further destruction of the forest. The Multiethnic Indigenous Territory is not a void space. Indigenous peoples -Trinitary, Mojeño and Chimán- live there. Since Repsol does not count on the necessary environmental license to operate, this action is but an invasion of the indigenous territory. Eva Eva, at Beni Province, is the first well the company aims to drill. The second one is the Samusabeti well, which will affect an area inhabited by the Quichua and Aymara indigenous peoples, already hit by repression against illegal plantations. In relation to the Isiboro well, at Isiboro Sécure National Park, the environmental impact assessment presented by Repsol was severely observed by the environmental authority because the special features of that protected area had been ignored.

12. AllRefer.com - Aymara (South American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon aymara, South American indigenous peoples. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/A/Aymara.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 19, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South American Indigenous Peoples ... Aymara By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z A Aymara, South American Indigenous Peoples Related Category: South American Indigenous Peoples Aymara I Pronunciation Key , Native South Americans inhabiting the Lake Titicaca basin in Peru and Bolivia. The originators of the great culture represented by the ruins of Tiahuanaco were very likely Aymara speakers. Although subjugated by the Inca in the 15th cent. after a long struggle, the Aymara continue to dominate the region, with a population of over 2 million in the mid-1990s. The Aymara languages make up a separate unit; they are spoken in Peru and Bolivia in the Titicaca region. The Aymara, conquered (1538) by Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro, retained their pastoral and agricultural culture. In general, social organization was, and still is, based on the patrilineal family unit. Contemporary Aymara and the related Quechua peasant culture is a blend of aboriginal, Spanish colonial, and modern elements. See H. Osborne

13. AllRefer.com - Peru - Indigenous Peoples | Peruvian Information Resource indigenous peoples. The word indio, as applied to native highland people of also the ones with the highest percentages of Quechua and aymara speakers. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/peru/peru55.html

You are here allRefer Reference Peru History ... Peru Peru Indigenous Peoples The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century. The regions and departments with the largest populations of native peoples are construed to be the most backward, being the poorest, least educated, and less developed. They are also the ones with the highest percentages of Quechua and Aymara speakers. The reasons for the perpetuation of colonial values with respect to autochthonous peoples is complex, being more than a simple perseverance of custom. The social condition of the population owes its form to the kinds of expectations embedded in the premises and workings of the nation's institutions. These are not easily altered. Spanish institutions of conquest were implanted into colonial life as part of the strategy for ruling conquered peoples: the indigenous people were defeated and captured and thus, as spoils of war, were as exploitable as mineral wealth or land. In the minds of many highland mestizos as well as betteroff urbanites, they still are.

14. Indigenous Peoples Of South America aymara People Collection of links about the aymara people. See also the linksabout other indigenous peoples, tribes, and associations. http://gosouthamerica.about.com/od/indigenouspeoples/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Travel South America for Visitors History Indigenous Peoples Travel Go South America Essentials Plan Your Trip ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the South America for Visitors newsletter! See Online Courses Search South America for Visitors Indigenous Peoples of South America History, anthroplogy, descriptions, customs, languages and current status of the indigenous tribes of South America. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Abipon "The Abipon were an indigenous people of South America. They lived in the lower Bermejo River area in the Argentine Gran Chaco. The tribe was one of the tribes that belonged to the linguistic group Guaycuru." Abya Yala Net "This site presents information on Indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central, and South America." Amazon Tribes: Isolated by Choice? "No one knows precisely how many people live in isolation from the industrial-technological world. Many of these people, perhaps thousands, are believed to thrive in the remote stretches of the Amazon River Basin of South America." Andean History "At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the last years of the fifteenth century, the native population of the South America, was estimated to have numbered 10 to 15 million, more than half of whom lived in the the northern and central Andes and adjacent areas."

15. Multicultural Approach To Health Needed For Well-being Of Indigenous People equity among indigenous peoples, says the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) . The aymara indigenous leader Marta Gonz?z de Paco, from El Alto, http://www.news-medical.net/?id=3943

16. Health Of Indigenous Requires Multicultural Approach Several indigenous peoples are multinational, such as the Miskito of Nicaragua and The aymara indigenous leader Marta González de Paco, from El Alto, http://www.paho.org/English/DD/PIN/pr040809.htm

The Pan American Health Organization Promoting Health in the Americas Search Home Page Health Data Topics List Media Center Information Products PAHO Publishing Knowledge Resources Media Center Press Releases Perspectives in Health Magazine PAHO Today ... Contact Us News and Public Information Press Release Health of Indigenous Requires Multicultural Approach Washington, D.C., August 9, 2004 (OPS) August 9 marks the celebration of the International Day of the World's Indigenous People. It is a day to look at ways to improve the lot for the indigenous so they can enjoy greater well-being. The indigenous population of the Americas represents 6.7 percent of the total population. PAHO's publication Health in the Americas estimates the indigenous population between 45 million and 50 million. This diverse population speaks 745 different languages. Some 90 percent of them are in Central America and the Andean region. In the United States, the indigenous population is 1.6 million people, and in Canada less than half a million. The countries with greatest indigenous population are Bolivia, Guatemala, Peru, and Ecuador, with proportions that go from 40 percent to 70 percent.

17. Pan American Health Organization The Newsletter for indigenous People is a quarterly publication of PAHO s Healthof the indigenous peoples 1, Ed. 2, Mayo 2004 Versión en aymara http://www.paho.org/Project.asp?SEL=TP&LNG=ENG&ID=179

18. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS IN CHILE The lack of legal acknowledgement and protection of aymara lands has generated indigenous peoples RIGHTS UNDER DEMOCRACY PROGRESSES AND CONTRADICTIONS. http://www.xs4all.nl/~rehue/art/ayl2.html

URL: http://www.xs4all.nl/~rehue/art/ayl2.html INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS IN CHILE: PROGRESSES AND CONTRADICTIONS IN A CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION. Institute of Indigenous Studies University of La Frontera Temuco, Chile (Master Program, Faculty of Law, UBC) * Paper presented at the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS) XXVIII Congress, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, B.C., March 19-21, 1998. 1. INTRODUCTION. Chile has historically denied its ethnic and cultural diversity. The country's ruling class has been able to build and internalize in the minds of the people the idea that ours is a racially homogenous society, basically of European origin. This idea, which for centuries has been promoted through different means, including family, school, and literature, became dominant during the republican period, giving birth to the myth, still believed by many, of the Chileans as being the "English of South America". The few recognitions that were made regarding indigenous peoples' dealt with their past, not with their present. The image of the brave Mapuche who resisted the Spaniard conqueror due to their libertarian spirit, became socially accepted and promoted. Consistent with these ideas, until recently their current population was perceived by many as remaining pockets of the so called "Araucanian indians", living in small areas of lands or "reducciones" which were left to them after their territory was occupied by the army at the end of the last century.

19. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS IN CHILE - Notes (3) The Mapuche, the largest indigenous people in this territory, (18) Tallerde Estudios aymara. Problemas y Perspectivas para el Desarrollo aymara http://www.xs4all.nl/~rehue/art/ayl2not.html

Notes Tierra, Territorio y Desarrollo Indigena . Temuco, Instituto de Estudios Indigenas de la Universidad de la Frontera, 1995), 195-204. Historia del Pueblo Mapuche (Santiago: Ediciones Sur, 1985), 15 Historia de la Civilizacion y Legislacion Indigena de Chile . (Santiago: Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Universidad de Chile, 1948), 29-39. Nutram, Year II, No3,1986,7. Comunidades Indigenas de los Canales Australes .(Santiago: CONADI, 1995). Los Mapuche. Comunidades y Localidades en Chile. (Santiago: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas; Ediciones SUR, 1979), 12-16. Los Mapuche. Comunidades y Localidades en Chile Los Mapuche. Comunidades y Localidades en Chile Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda . Chile, 1992. Problemas y Perspectivas para el Desarrollo Aymara Regional . (Working Document No 3, Arica:TEA, 1987). Ley Indigena: Avances y Obstaculos para su Materializacion en el Territorio Mapuche (1994-1997) , (Temuco: Instituto de Estudios Indigenas, Universidad de la Frontera, 1998 (unpublished document)). The total budget destined by CONADI to this land and water fund was of $ 13.220.153.119 (Chilean pesos), which is equivalent to approximately $ 30.000.000 (US dollars). The families benefited by this fund through the period reach to 15.358 according to CONADI. In CONADI ( Departamento de Tierras y Aguas Indigenas), Fondo de Tierras y Aguas Indigenas. Resultados de Programas Ejecutados Periodo 1994-1997

20. Gustafson ­ Indigenous Peoples And Movements This course is an overview of Latin American indigenous peoples, Sign heldby indigenous aymara indigenous Bolivians protesting on Columbus Day, 1992. http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~bdgustaf/3092.html

Fall 2004 Anthropology - L48 3092 Indigenous Peoples and Movements in Latin America M/W 11:30 ­1:00 - Lab Sciences 201 Prof. Bret Gustafson office: McMillan Hall 136 gustafson@wustl.edu office hours: M/W 4:15-6:15 This course is an overview of Latin American indigenous peoples, their cultural and social practices and histories, and their contemporary socio-political movements. The course focuses on three regions: the Maya highlands of Guatemala and Southern Mexico; the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; and the South American Amazon and Chaco. Indigenous cultural and political issues will be discussed in relation to non-indigenous Luso-Hispanic societies and longer histories of Latin American nation-building. Indigenous peoples¹ demands for territorial, cultural, and political rights are now intertwined with international development and natural resource exploitation; global debates on citizenship; state processes of militarization and/or democratization; and the redefinition of nation-states as ³multi-ethnic² or ³plurinational² entities. Our ethnographic texts are selected to give us an understanding of the different ways that anthropologists have studied, worked with, and even become advocates for, indigenous peoples of Latin America.

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