41. The Psychology Of Atheism Turns the table on those who attempt to explain away religious belief as merewishful thinking, arguing that atheism is just as vulnerable to this kind of http://www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth12.html

Academics Humanities Social Sciences Sciences Theology ... Faculty Offices Departments Current Issues Publications Conferences/Events Apologetics ... What's New Special Interest Past Features Other Sites Help LU About LU ... Feedback Navigation Site Map Site Index Advanced Search Browsing Help ... LU Home LU Updates Receive LU-Announce Truth Journal The Psychology of Atheism Professor Paul C. Vitz The title of this paper, "The Psychology of Atheism," may seem strange. Certainly, my psychological colleagues have found it odd and even, I might add, a little disturbing. After all, psychology, since its founding roughly a century ago, has often focused on the opposite topic-namely the psychology of religious belief. Indeed, in many respects the origins of modern psychology are intimately bound up with the psychologists who explicitly proposed interpretations of belief in God. William James and Sigmund Freud, for example, were both personally and professionally deeply involved in the topic. Recall The Will to Believe by James, as well as his still famous

42. Positive Atheism's Big List Of Douglas Adams Quotations List of Douglas Adams quotations. http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/douglas.htm

Positive Atheism's Big List of Douglas Adams Quotations No-Frames Quotes Index Load This File With Frames Index Home to Positive Atheism Douglas Adams (1952-2001) 'Chief Fantasist' Continue with Alphabetically Sequenced Quotations Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the Western Spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun. Orbiting this at a distance of roughly ninety-eight million miles is an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea. Douglas Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Now it is such a bizarrely improbably coincidence that anything so mindbogglingly useful [the Babel fish] could have evolved by chance that some thinkers have chosen to see it as a final and clinching proof of the non -existence of God. The argument goes something like this: "I refuse to prove that I exist," says God, "for proof denies faith, and without faith I am nothing." "But," says Man, "the Babel fish is a dead giveaway isn't it? It could not have evolved by chance. It proves you exist, and so therefore, by your own arguments, you don't. QED."

43. ATHEISM, AGNOSTICISM, HUMANISM bullet, atheism is also not a religion or a complete ethical system. bullet,The Barnes Noble Encyclopedia define atheism as The denial of the http://www.religioustolerance.org/at_ag_hu.htm

ATHEISM, AGNOSTICISM, FREE THINKING, HUMANISM, etc. Click Here to Visit our Sponsors. One of the problems in the field of religion and ethical systems is that certain terms (e.g. Atheism, Agnosticism, Humanism) have multiple meanings. Perhaps the most impressive example of confusion are the terms "Witch" and "Witchcraft." They have at least 17 different definitions. The vast majority of adults in North America are theists: they believe in a God or supreme power. They may regard God as a unity (as in Judaism, Islam, and Sikhism) or a duality (a God and Goddess as in Wicca), a Trinity (as in most Christian faith groups), etc. But there is a growing minority of adults who have abandoned traditional organized religious beliefs about deity and define themselves in various ways: Agnosticism is not a religion or complete ethical system. It is simply a belief that we cannot prove either the existence or the non-existence of deity; (i.e. of one or more gods, one or more goddesses, or combinations of the above). Many Agnostics believe that we can never know about the existence of a deity. Others suggest that we cannot know anything about deity or deities at this time with the currently available evidence, but that this could conceivably change in the future. Atheism is also not a religion or a complete ethical system. It has two main definitions:

44. Positive Atheism's Big List Of Denis Diderot Quotations Numerous excerpts from his writings. http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/diderot.htm

Positive Atheism's Big List of Denis Diderot Quotations No-Frames Quotes Index Load This File With Frames Index Home to Positive Atheism Denis Diderot (1713-1784) French philosopher and writer of (1751-1772), epitomizing the spirit of Enlightenment thought: much more than a work of reference, became a program for change, transferring knowledge and authority from the clerical to the secular domains; with its publication, religion and irreligion became polarized and the various shades of distinction within Deism and natural religion began to disappear NOTE Continue with Alphabetically Sequenced Quotations There are three principal means of acquiring knowledge available to us: observation of nature, reflection, and experimentation. Observation collects facts; reflection combines them; experimentation verifies the result of that combination. Our observation of nature must be diligent, our reflection profound, and our experiments exact. We rarely see these three means combined; and for this reason, creative geniuses are not common. Denis Diderot On the Interpretation of Nature , no. 15 (1753), repr. in Lester G. Crocker, ed.

45. Great Historical Writings - H. L. Mencken Features columns on the Scopes Trial and Mark Twain. Also links to an extensive quotation collection. http://www.positiveatheism.org/tochmenk.htm

and modern works of historical significance) Biographies, Tributes, Quotes Book-Length Works Miscellaneous Articles Chapman Cohen ... Joseph McCabe H. L. Mencken The Murray-O'Hair Family Thomas Paine Bertrand Russell Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) Voltaire On the Internet See the Big List of Quotes H. L. Mencken Coverage of The Scopes Trial Homo Neanderthalensis (June 29, 1925) Sickening Doubts About Publicity (June 29, 1925) Impossibility of Obtaining Fair Jury (July 10, 1925) Trial as Religious Orgy (July 11, 1925) Souls Need Reconversion Nightly (July 13, 1925) Darrow's Eloquent Appeal (July 14, 1925) Law and Freedom (July 15, 1925) Fair Trial Beyond Ken (July 16, 1925) Malone the Victor (July 17, 1925) Genesis Triumphant (July 18, 1925) Tennessee in the Frying Pan (July 20, 1925) Bryan (July 27, 1925) Aftermath (September 14, 1925) Darrow vs. Bryan (Associated Press Coverage) Mark Twain's Americanism (November 1, 1917) H. L. Mencken by Gore Vidal (1991) Positive Atheism's Big List of H. L. Mencken Quotations editor@positiveatheism.org

46. Ebon Musings: The Atheism Pages Essays on atheism, theism, religion, freethought, and the freedom of life withoutsuperstition. http://www.ebonmusings.org/atheism/

What's New Site Map Links Apologetics Books ... Introduction For first-time visitors Foundational Essays The core of Ebon Musings , these essays refute theistic belief, justify atheism from the ground up, and lay out the foundation for an atheistic worldview. All Possible Worlds The problem of evil - the question of why pain and suffering exist in a world supposedly ruled by a morally good god - is the oldest and most enduring argument against many varieties of theism. This essay presents a concise formulation of the problem from evil and argues that theists have failed to provide a satisfactory answer to it. A Ghost in the Machine An enduring theistic dogma is that each of us is inhabited by an immaterial soul that confers on us our consciousness and survives the death of our bodies. This essay powerfully refutes that notion, drawing on the evidence of science to establish that our minds arise from nowhere but our physical brains. The Ineffable Carrot and the Infinite Stick Some theists claim that atheism offers no standard for moral behavior, even encourages immorality. This essay falsifies that claim by establishing the source of an atheist's ethics, and then turns the argument on its head by exposing the problems with the theist system of reward and punishment. Life of Wonder One of the most ingrained societal prejudices about atheism is that it necessarily implies a bleak, purposeless life without hope or meaning. This essay confronts that prejudice head-on and demonstrates that atheism is fully compatible with all the things that make life worth living.

47. Atheism atheism examined and refuted, atheism ranges from strong to weak. Some atheistsoutright affirm there is no God. Others atheists say they choose not to http://www.carm.org/atheism.htm

The Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry www.carm.org ATHEISM Jesus Saves HOME PAGE CHRISTIANITY Answers for Seekers Bible, The Bible Online, The Christian Doctrine ... To the Christian Church CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS 40 Objections Apologetics Apologetics Dialogues Cut and Paste Info. ... Verses Examined BIBLE DIFFICULTIES Genesis - Deuteronomy Joshua - Esther Job - Song of Solomon Isaiah - Malachi ... Hebrews - Revelation RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS About Cult Groups Religious Movements List Christadelphianism Christian Science ... Wicca SECULAR MOVEMENTS Abortion Atheism Creation-Evol. Debate Evolution ... Secular School QUESTIONS About the Bible About the Church About Doctrine About God ... Skeptics Ask MORE STUFF Audio Book Recommendations CARM Associates Discussion Boards ... What's New? LANGUAGES CARM in Spanish CARM in Portuguese . . . The fool has said in his heart, “There is no God.” . . . (Psalm 14:1). Atheism ranges from strong to weak. Some atheists outright affirm there is no God. Others atheists say they choose not to exercise faith in the concept of God thereby neither acknowledging or denying God. Is atheism a valid option?

48. What Is Atheism? atheism, a look at what it is and its basic tenets. http://www.carm.org/atheism/atheism.htm

C HRISTIAN A R ESEARCH M INISTRY www.carm.org HOME PAGE What is Atheism? I've encountered many atheists who claim that atheism is not a belief system while others say it is. Since there is no official atheist organization, nailing down which definition of atheism to use can be difficult. Following are some definitions offered by atheists. "An atheist is someone who believes and/or knows there is no god." "An atheist lacks belief in a god." "An atheist exercises no faith in the concept of god at all." "An atheist is someone who is free from religious oppression and bigotry." "An atheist is someone who is a free-thinker, free from religion and its ideas." Which ever definition you go by, atheism denies God. There are two main categories of atheists: strong and weak, with variations in between. A strong atheist actively believes and states that no God exists. They expressly denounce the Christian God along with any other god. Strong atheists are usually more aggressive in their conversations with theists and try shoot holes in theistic beliefs. They like to use logic and anti-biblical evidences to denounce God's existence. Agnostic Atheists, as I call them, are those who deny God's existence based on an examination of evidence. Agnosticism means 'not knowing,' or 'no knowledge.' I call them agnostic because they state they have looked at the evidence and have concluded that there is no God. But, the interesting thing with them is that they say they are open further evidence for God's existence.

49. Panlatrevo -- Home Religious philosophy resources and discussions on religion, spirituality, atheism and freethought. Centers on Taoist philosophy. http://www.panlatrevo.com/

HOME TEXTS AND SCRIPTURES TAO ESSAYS TAO RESOURCES ... TAO LINKS SEARCH Keywords here: Advanced Search TAOIST TEXTS TAO TE CHING CHUANG TZU I CHING LIEH TZU QINGJING JING NEIYEH WEN TZU HUA HU CHING YUAN DAO OTHER TEXTS CHENG TAO KO FAITH IN MIND TEN BULLS ART OF WAR RANDOM I CHING Hexegram: Ta Chuang MISCELLANEOUS TAO ESSAYS TAO RESOURCES TAO BOOKS TAO LINKS ... FEEDBACK Panlatrevo Home Site Updates and News After a long absence, I have started to work on this website again. I am currently updating the website code and have plans to add the Lieh Tzu I Ching , more book recomendations and more essays in the comming months. In the mean time, if anyone would like to recomend any Taoism websites, forums or e-mail lists, please send me an e-mail and I'll consider linking to them. Updated Tao Links , and Advanced Search and search results. Updated Tao Essays and Articles and Tao Resources Updated Texts and Scriptures and Tao Books Added the I Ching to Texts and Scriptures Added the Neiyeh to Texts and Scriptures That's all very nice, but what is this place?

50. BBC - Religion & Ethics - Atheism An detailed introduction to atheism. atheism is criticised as unethical .True in a sense, writes Hannu Kauppila, but that s missing the point. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index MONDAY 19th September 2005 Text only BBC Homepage Religions Atheism ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! The essentials Atheists are people who do not believe in a god or gods (or other immaterial beings), or who believe that these concepts are not meaningful. Some atheists put it more firmly and believe that god or gods do not exist. The basics Introduction Reasons Features History Rituals Types of Atheism Features Secularism (Realmedia, 27m 34s) Is secularism the new fundamentalism, asks Beyond Belief It's not about ethics Atheism is criticised as 'unethical'. True in a sense, writes Hannu Kauppila, but that's missing the point. What Atheists think of religions Many atheists criticise religion strongly, but they do find some good bits, too. A-Z of world religions Choose Atheism Baha'i Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam Jainism Judaism Mormon Paganism Rastafari Shinto Sikhism Unitarianism Zoroastrianism Have your say Newsletter Living Related Links BBC Latest Atheism news Non-BBC Humanists National Secular Society British Humanist Association Religious Tolerance.org - Atheism

51. SPIRITUAL SPECTRUM TV SERIES Topics from meditation to medicide, from love to capital punishment, from atheism to Christianity, from vegetarianism to life after death. RealVideo files of 14 years of programming. http://www.spiritualspectrum.org/

The World's Number One Web Site for Spiritual Dialogue Celebrating 20 Years of Production gradient("",""); document.write(''); gradient("",""); document.write(''); gradient("Since 1985, Spiritual Spectrum TV Series has covered a variety of topics, from meditation to medicide, from love to capital punishment, from atheism to Christianity, from vegetarianism to life after death. You name it and we've probably covered it. Over one hundred individual programs are currently available and you can view a complete list with photos on our List of Spiritual Spectrum Programs link. At our Online Video Gallery below, you can watch twenty full-length, FREE one-hour episodes on your computer during your visit. Tune in for a refreshing drink, and please let us know what you think.","FF0080 FFFF37 FF80C0 8000FF 1DF3BE"); document.write(''); gradient("",""); document.write(""); Click here to go to the free Spiritual Spectrum Online Video Gallery Spiritual Spectrum TV Series * C/O Enoch Productions PO Box 18464 * Denver CO USA 80218-0464 nospam_email("comcast.net","juliosemail","Click here to send us an E-mail")

52. BBC - BBC Four - The Atheism Tapes: Jonathan Miller In Conversation Details of the interviews produced in association with Jonathan Miller s BriefHistory of Disbelief. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/atheism-tapes.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index MONDAY 19th September 2005 Text only BBC Homepage BBC FOUR TV Listings ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! THE ATHEISM TAPES: JONATHAN MILLER IN CONVERSATION Mondays beginning 18 October 2004 Jonathan Miller meets up with some of the key contributors from his three-part Brief History of Disbelief in these half-hour extended conversations. ARTHUR MILLER Tuesday 29 February 2005 12.30am-1am (Monday night) As a tribute to the recently deceased playwright Arthur Miller, another chance to see the discussion between Jonathan Miller and Arthur Miller about disbelief and their experiences of anti-Semitism, recorded in 2004. FULL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS COLIN MCGINN Monday 18 October midnight-12.30am; 2.30am-3am; Saturday 23 October 7pm-7.30pm Jonathan Miller talks to the philosopher Colin McGinn about atheism and anti-Theism. STEVEN WEINBERG Tuesday 26 October 12.05am-12.35am; 2.35am-3.05am (Monday night); Friday 29 October 7pm-7.30pm The Nobel Prize-winning physicist discusses the role of science in the erosion of religious belief. ARTHUR MILLER Monday 1 November 11.40pm-12.10am; 2.10am-1.40am; Friday 5 November 7pm-7.30pm

53. Philosophical Discussion At Pisteuo.org Talk about epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of religion and science, politics, morality, atheism, agnosticism, and more. http://pisteuo.org

54. The Fascist Ideology Of Star Trek: Militarism, Collectivism, & Atheism Provocative essay on themes of militarism, collectivism, and atheism in the popular scifi series. http://www.friesian.com/trek.htm

The Fascist Ideology of Star Trek One and only one person can give steering and engine orders at any one time....The commanding officer may take over the deck or the conn...In taking the conn from the officer of the deck, the captain should do so in such a manner that all personnel of the bridge watch will be notified of the fact. Watch Officer's Guide, A Handbook for all Deck Watch Officers , Revised by K.C. Jacobsen, Commander, U.S. Navy, 11th Edition [Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1981, pp. 68-69] I have always liked Star Trek . I watched the original show in the 60's, waited eagerly for the first movie in the 70's, and then later in the 80's got hooked all over again on Star Trek: The Next Generation . It has been good television, good science fiction, and occasionally even good film. Some things, nevertheless, have driven me crazy: (1) Picard and Riker both giving commands, in tandem, on the bridge is absurd. One person has the conn or has the deck on a ship, and it is dangerous to have any confusion about that (see quote above). As Executive Officer, Riker wouldn't even be on the bridge in ordinary circumstances. (2) There doesn't seem to be anything like a regular watch on the bridge. In one show a big point is made that only a full commander can have bridge command, but nothing is more common on the show than to have scenes where all the senior officers of the ship are in some conference or other, leaving who knows who directing the ship on the bridge unless there are full commanders who aren't part of the regular cast. The writers don't seem to know what naval lieutenants are for to be the officers of the deck. And (3)

55. AtheistIQ - A Society For Highly Intelligent Atheists An IQ society devoted to studying atheism intelligently. http://www.freewebs.com/atheistiq/

AtheistIQ A Society for Highly Intelligent Atheists Navigation Home Articles Websites Books ... Contact About AtheistIQ is an IQ society devoted to studying atheism intelligently. This website is frequently updated with content that covers a wide range of topics related to atheism. Visit our forums Take Dr. Marlene Winell's Issues Inventory. News The Open Directory Project added us! A new website link was added. © 2004-2005 AtheistIQ Website built and hosted for free at . Get your own Free Website now!

56. Index Of /www/atheism . DIR Parent Directory15Apr-2002 0157 -. Apache/1.3.27 Server at www.hti.net Port 80.......Index of /www/atheism. Name Last modified Size http://www.hti.net/www/atheism/

Index of /www/atheism Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 15-Apr-2002 01:57 - Apache/1.3.27 Server at www.hti.net Port 80

57. Atheism An Introduction to atheism from the Secular Web, which is recommended for thoseunfamiliar with the definitions of and bases for atheism. http://hem.passagen.se/nicb/atheism.htm

Click here for frames. "Question with boldness even the existence of God; because, if there be one, he must more approve of the homage of reason than that of blindfolded fear." - Thomas Jefferson I am an atheist ( is that at all possible? ), which means that I do not believe in the existence of any gods or other supernatural beings. I was a Christian for over a decade, but I gradually began to realize, through calm, rational reasoning, that there was, in fact, no reason whatever for supposing Christianity true. I invite you to find out for yourself why this is so. I also urge you to leave the Church of Sweden, if you are a member. For information on this and a form to fill out, click here Introduction An Introduction to Atheism from the Secular Web, which is recommended for those unfamiliar with the definitions of and bases for atheism. What Is Atheism? , a clarifying definition. Atheist Commentary , some brief answers by George H. Smith to the most common questions about atheism. Is Atheism Logical? , an essay by Mark I. Vuletic

58. THE PHILOSOPHY An essay claiming to provide all the answers to religion and atheism. http://www.onet.net/~brand

THE PHILOSOPHY TO REPLACE ALL PHILOSOPHY Theology, Atheism, and Evolution John Brand brand@onet.net jbrand@indy.rr.com Brand@AOL.com http://www.onet.net/~brand Keywords Origin and structure of the Universe Organization and change of matter Origins of life Proof of Evolution Atheism, Humanism, Agnostic Development of the nervous system and the brain Dreams Development of language Origins of religion ABSTRACT From Genesis to AD 2002 Change in the Universe is random according to the nature of matter and energy. The solar system (Sun, planets, moons, etc.), galaxies, etc. were formed by the condensation of matter/dust by gravity and by the rotation of this matter. The rotation resulted in objects circling each other according to their mass and distribution. The age of the Earth is given at about 4 billion years. For billions of years there was little or no life as we know it, only a mix of atoms and molecules, with no systematic reproductive process. PROOF OF EVOLUTION: As is obvious, every human is different.

59. Atheism - Wikiquote atheism is the state of being without theistic beliefs and alternatively the Although atheism might have been logically tenable before Darwin, http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Atheism

You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21 day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Atheism From Wikiquote Atheism is the state of being without theistic beliefs and alternatively the disbelief in the existence of deities. Atheists In Foxholes Monument, Lake Hypatia Alabama, USA. Image from the Freedom From Religion Foundation "There are no atheists in foxholes." — Lt-Col. William J. Clear "'There are no atheists in foxholes' isn't an argument against atheism, it's an argument against foxholes. James Morrow "Atheists in foxholes, some say they are myths, Creations of the mind who just don't exist. Yet, they answered the call to defend, with great pride. With reason their watchword, they bled and they died." Alice Shiver , "Atheists-in-Foxholes" monument, dedicated on July 4, 1999 I'm an atheist, and that's it. I believe there's nothing we can know except that we should be kind to each other and do what we can for other people. - Katharine Hepburn Ladies' Home Journal (October 1991) "I cannot conceive of a god who rewards and punishes his creatures or has a will of the kind we experience in ourselves. Neither can I nor would I want to conceive of an individual that survives his physical death; let feeble souls, from fear or absurd egotism, cherish such thoughts. I am satisfied with the mystery of the eternity of life and a glimpse of the marvelous structure of the existing world, together with the devoted striving to comprehend a portion, be it ever so tiny, of the Reason that manifests itself in Nature."

60. The Atheism Web: Logic & Fallacies atheism Web's guide to logic and fallacies in practical reasoning. http://www.infidels.org/news/atheism/logic.html

Map Overview Introduction Common Arguments Freethought Organizations ... Miscellany The Atheism Web Portuguese Hebrew Introduction There's a lot of debate on the net. Unfortunately, much of it is of very low quality. The aim of this document is to explain the basics of logical reasoning, and hopefully improve the overall quality of debate. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary defines logic as "the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference." Logic will let you analyze an argument or a piece of reasoning, and work out whether it is likely to be correct or not. You don't need to know logic to argue, of course; but if you know even a little, you'll find it easier to spot invalid arguments. There are many kinds of logic, such as fuzzy logic and constructive logic; they have different rules, and different strengths and weaknesses. This document discusses simple Boolean logic, because it's commonplace and relatively easy to understand. When people talk about something being 'logical', they usually mean the type of logic described here. What logic isn't It's worth mentioning a couple of things which logic is not.

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