81. Africa Update scholars to lift Egypt out of africa, to whiten its people, and to deny its Episode Three asante and Benin. The source of the statement about the slave http://www.ccsu.edu/AFSTUDY/updtWin2k.htm

Vol VII, Issue 1 (Winter 2000): The Mazrui - Gates Debate EDITORIAL BOARD: Gloria Emeagwali Chief Editor emeagwali@ccsu.edu Walton Brown-Foster Copy Editor brownw@ccsu.edu Haines Brown Adviser brownh@hartford-hwp.com REGIONAL EDITORS: Olayemi Akinwumi (Nigeria) Zenebworke Bissrat (Ethiopia) Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Mosebjane Malatsi (South Africa) Alfred Zack-Williams (Sierra Leone) TECHNICAL ADVISORS: Tennyson Dar ko Asst. Dir. ITS, CCSU darko@ccsu.edu Peter K. LeMaire Professor, CCSU lemaire@ccsu.edu Bernice A. LeMaire Website Designer lemaire_bea@ccsu.edu For more information concerning AfricaUpdate Contact: Prof. Gloria Emeagwali CCSU History Dept. 1615 Stanley Street New Britian, CT 06050 Tel: 860-832-2815 emeagwali@ccsu.edu Table of Contents: Editorial: The Mazrui - Gates Debate Ali Mazrui: Black Orientalism? Further Reflections on "Wonders of the African World" Henry Louis Gates Jr.: Preliminary Response to Mazrui's Critique Haines Brown : Africa Online Editorial: The Mazrui - Gates Debate During the last months of 1999, the Africanist community in the United States was caught up in an intense and controversial debate involving several outstanding scholars in the field of African and African-American history. The debate attracted multi-disciplinary participation which included film studies, theology, African Studies, and African history. There are common threads holding the various commentaries and rejoinders together. The debate has been as much about methodology, Black enslavement, Black reparations, and Egyptology as it was about Malian intellectual heritage, Axumite building technology and Black Orientalism. This issue of AfricaUpdate features Ali Mazrui s reaction to Skip Gates television series, The Wonders of the African World, and Gates' response to some of Mazrui s initial criticisms.

82. Kofi Annan - Center Of The Storm. Life Map. A Chief's Son | PBS groups that make up the Akan one of the groups of indigenous people of Ghana . The asante King has even given him a title usually limited to kings http://www.pbs.org/wnet/un/life/map1.html

Kofi Annan was born on April 8, 1939 in Kumasi, Ghana, to an elite family. His parents, Henry Reginald and Victoria Annan, are from the two major ethnic groups that make up the Akan one of the groups of indigenous people of Ghana. A young Kofi Annan in a family picture. His father was half Asante and half Fante; his mother was Fante. The Asante were gold merchants while the Fante tribe were the middlemen in the gold trade between the Asante and the British. Kofi, whose name means "born on a Friday," also had a twin sister, who died in 1991 from a still yet unknown disease. In Ghanaian culture, twins are considered special and are adored. Kofi Annan probably got his first lessons in politics and diplomacy early on from his family. Both of Annan's grandfathers and his uncle were tribal chiefs. Upon his retirement, Annan's father, who worked as an export manager for the cocoa exporter Lever Brothers, was elected governor of Ghana's Asante province. In 1954, Annan attended Mfantsipim School, an elite Methodist boarding school in central Ghana established under British rule. The Secretary-General credits the school with teaching him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere." At Mfantsipim, Annan led the student body in a hunger strike to get better food from the school cafeteria. It was a success. In the early 1950s, while Annan was at boarding school, Ghana was undergoing radical changes. Under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah, a movement for independence was gaining ground and by 1957 Ghana had become the first British African colony to gain independence. "It was an exciting period," Annan told The New York Times, "People of my generation, having seen the changes that took place in Ghana, grew up thinking all was possible."

83. Elon University Winter Study Abroad a sustainable income for the indigenous people and preserving the natural Students will learn about the powerful asante state, the tragic Atlantic http://www.elon.edu/e-web/academics/cannon/studyabroad/winterterm.xhtml

Isabella Cannon Centre Home Study Abroad Home Semester by Location Semester by Discipline ... Web Sites 2006 Winter Term Programs Winter Term programs are intensive, experiential, faculty-led courses taught during Elon's Winter Term session in January. Click on the PDF link next to a course title to download the brochure. Download the winter term application here: PDF Aboriginal Studies in Australia Conducting Business in the Pacific Rim: Australia and the Philippines Australian Ecotourism ... World War II in Europe: On the Ground Aboriginal Studies in Australia PDF Australia consists of a number of cultures, including Aboriginal peoples, descendents of European settlers, and immigrants from Southeast Asia. This diverse cultural panorama is the arena for experiencing Western Australia through the socio-cultural imagination. Through lectures, field trips, and directed self-learning, students will explore aboriginal people's history and culture with an emphasis on the legacy of the colonial experience and current issues in identity, power, politics and the meaning of land. To visit the faculty's course Web site, click here Conducting Business in the Pacific Rim: Australia and the Philippines PDF Australian Ecotourism PDF The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well being of local people." Outdoor adventure sports have become one of the most popular and pervasive activities throughout the world today generating millions of dollars in revenue for many countries. When responsible tour operators strike a balance between conservation and commercial interests it is possible to offer quality outdoor adventure learning experiences while maintaining a sustainable income for the indigenous people and preserving the natural environment for future generations.

84. Boydell & Brewer Ltd A look at the encounter between the French and the peoples of Southern Gabon interms An ambitious new approach to African studies, utilizing indigenous http://www.boydell.co.uk/CANSTUDI.HTM

Search African Studies The African American Church Community in Rochester, New York, 1900-1940 A detailed and thoughtful account of the role played by African-American churches in pre-1940 Rochester to create and sustain a community for its members. African Urban Spaces in Historical Perspective Series: Rochester Studies in African History This book presents new and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of African urban history and culture. Moving between precolonial, colonial, and contemporary urban spaces, it covers the major regions, religions, and urban societies of sub-Saharan Africa. Apartheid's Landscape and Ideas An historical and artistic account of the rise of apartheid in South Africa, using source documents and original photographs of the South Africa landscape. Black Business and Economic Power Series: Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora The first collection on historical and contemporary black business in Africa and the African diaspora in America, with contributors from a wide perspective of disciplines. Colonial Rule and Crisis in Equatorial Africa Series: Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora A look at the encounter between the French and the peoples of Southern Gabon in terms of their differing conceptions of boundaries.

85. Research And Documentation Online: Social Sciences The site is edited and maintained for the African Studies Association by A rich site for information on various indigenous peoples and the issues of http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/social_sciences/ethnic.html

Ethnic and Area Studies Bibliography of Asian Studies An electronic index to European-language scholarly publications in Asian studies. Organized by country, with subdivisions by topic, the index provides more than 410,000 bibliographic citations (no abstracts or full-text articles). This work is also available in print format (1956-). Ethnic NewsWatch An electronic full-text database specializing in publications published by ethnic communities in the United States and often left out of most full-text databases. This work includes many publications in Spanish. HAPI: Hispanic American Periodical Index An electronic index to articles in over 400 scholarly journals published in Latin America or covering topics relevant to Latin America and Latin Americans living in North America. This work is also available in print format. Africa: South of the Sahara Selected Web sites organized by country and region and by topic. The site is edited and maintained for the African Studies Association by Karen Fung, deputy curator of the Africa collection at the Hoover Library at Stanford University. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/guide.html

86. Ghana: History They were also masters of the trade in gold, which drew North African merchants to The asante are members of the Twispeaking branch of the Akan people. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/pre-colonial.php

History Home Ancient Ghana Pre-Colonial Gold Coast/Slave Trade ... History of ..... Historical Notes Afrifa's letter CIA Nkrumah Files Quotes of DC Kwakye ... More Documents Advertisement Pre-Colonial Period By the end of the 16 th Century, most ethnic groups constituting the modern Ghanaian population had settled in their present locations. Archaeological remains found in the coastal zone indicate that the area has been inhabited since the early Bronze Age (ca. 4000 B.C.), but these societies, based on fishing in the extensive lagoons and rivers, left few traces. Archaeological work also suggests that central Ghana north of the forest zone was inhabited as early as 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Oral history and other sources suggest that the ancestors of some of Ghana's residents entered this area at least as early as the tenth century A.D. and that migration from the north and east continued thereafter. These migrations resulted in part from the formation and disintegration of a series of large states in the western Sudan (the region north of modern Ghana drained by the Niger River). Prominent among these Sudanic states was the Soninke Kingdom of Ancient Ghana. Strictly speaking, Ghana was the title of the King, but the Arabs, who left records of the Kingdom, applied the term to the King, the capital, and the state. The 9

87. Asante, African American Studies: The Future Of The Discipline(1992) Kariamu Welsh asante has identified seven aspects of the African Thus, theindigenous people of Australia and New Guinea are considered African and in a http://xroads.virginia.edu/~DRBR/asante.html

African American Studies: The Future of the Discipline Molefi Kete Asante The Black Scholar Source: The Black Scholar 22 (Summer 1992): 20-29. To the Ancestors in whose path I walk and the Elders whose son I am I give thanks for being invited to participate in this historic conference. It is my intention to discuss the maintenance and future of African American Studies within the context of contemporary intellectual ideas. I will begin, of course, where I always begin, with a discussion of Afrocentricity as a theoretical instrument for the examination of phenomena. Afrocentricity is a simple idea. The reason that I know it is simple is because I have yet to meet a person on the streets of North Philadelphia who could not understand it. I also know it is simple because I have met a lot of Africans and Europeans in the Academy who deliberately misunderstand it. At its base it is concerned with African people being subjects of historical and social experiences rather than objects in the margins in European experiences. I recall seeing the book by Charles Wesley and Carter Woodson entitled The Negro In Our History and feeling that they were truly speaking from and to a Eurocentric perspective if they felt that such a title captured the essence of our experience. These were two of the most successful African American historians and yet they could not totally disengage their critical thinking from the traditional views held by whites. Viewing phenomena from the perspective of Africans as central rather than peripheral means that you secure a better vantage point on the facts. It also means that you have a better handle on your own theoretical and philosophical bases.

88. African States Instead, the story they see involves African people living in a great variety of Like virtually all African societies, however, asante was unable to http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/history/giblinstate.html

Introduction: Diffusion and other Problems in the History of African States Professor James Giblin, Department of History, The University of Iowa A discussion of the following African States: Asante Benin Kingdom Luba and Kuba The Yoruba and the States of Ife and Oyo Introduction Historians and archaeologists have learned a great deal about the developments which preceded the emergence of states in Africa. They can now say with confidence that in most cases, Africans developed states in response to local conditions and opportunities. Rarely does the diffusion of ideas from distant sources seem to have been important in bringing about the formation of a state. Today historians do not think that the history of African states is a story of the spread of influences from Egypt, Europe or Asia into the rest of Africa. Instead, the story they see involves African people living in a great variety of locations who use their political skills and wisdom to create for themselves centralized systems of government. Besides learning about the local origins of African states, historians have found that states were most likely to arise in regions endowed with fertile soils, abundant rains, lakes or rivers rich in fish, and mineral deposits, and in societies which enjoyed plentiful opportunities to trade. In fact, the four societies discussed below possessed famous traditions of art precisely because they had productive economies and vibrant commercial systems which allowed artists and craft workers freedom from scarcity, and provided access to metals, woods, clays and other media. Finally, historians have also learned that African states created sophisticated institutions of government, although, as has been true in all human societies, greed and love of power have often caused political instability and social crisis. The following sections, therefore, concentrate on the local conditions which led to the creation of states and the creation and destruction of political institutions.

89. Africa Dar es Salaam, Tanzania is a metropolis of three million people yet the city sdemand for fish Living in africa african Solutions to african Problems http://www.filmakers.com/AFRICAN.htm

FILMAKERS LIBRARY AFRICA New Entries in Red Africa in the 21st Century Africa is a continent fraught with problems. This series spotlights five former Western colonies (Somalia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, and Zimbabwe), putting in clear perspective the gravity of the situation that wars, refugees, famine and disease have brought on them. Globalization has forced some African nations into heavy debt. While industrial nations argue for human rights, the series shows that there are survival issues that may be even more pressing more Africa I Remember A black musician and composer bridges two cultures: West African music with roots in the 13th century and classical European music. ( more AIDS in Africa This compelling look at the AIDS crisis in Africa, reports on its effect in such countries as Uganda, Zaire, the Ivory Coast, Burundi, Rwanda, South Africa and others. ( more The Angel Returns A Somalian woman uses all methods at her disposal to change the mindset of her people about circumcision ( more Asante Market Women from the Disappearing World series This film focuses on the asssertive market women of Ghana who are subordinate in domestic matters but are powerful in the marketplace ( more Asylum This powerful documentary chronicles a Ghanaian young woman’s desperate attempt to escape the ritual of female circumcision in her native land. (

90. Ninemsn Encarta - African Literature more Encarta Search. Search Encarta about African Literature such asAnansi (the spider) in the tales of the asante people of modernday Ghana. http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555353/African_Literature.html

ninemsn Home Hotmail Search Shopping ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Abrahams, Peter Achebe, Chinua more... Encarta Search Search Encarta about African Literature Advertisement African Literature Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 2 items Article Outline Introduction Pre-19th-Century Literature The Early 20th Century Contemporary Literature I Introduction Print Preview of Section African Literature , works of poetry, fiction, and non-fiction, published in written form in various media (books, journals, manuscripts, inscriptions on public monuments), by writers of direct African descent from countries south of the Sahara. African oral traditions of storytelling mean that the pioneering works of African fiction have been largely unavailable in print. Vast numbers of various peoples across sub-Saharan Africa mainly relied on the oral relaying of stories and styles of storytelling from one generation of a family to the next. This preserved a repertoire of tales peculiar to their culture which was also a record of African history. As such, African literature has traditionally blurred the boundaries of fiction and non-fiction as perceived in the West. It continues to confound these categories in other aspects of style. In traditional society, the business of telling stories was often professionalized. Male children learnt the art from their elders and matured when they acquired an established repertoire of stories and styles. Examples of this are in the traditions of the

91. African Educational Reforms potency of the culture of the asante people and regretted that indigenouspeople like In most African societies, most people continue to involve in http://www2.ncsu.edu/ncsu/aern/okradec04.htm

THE AFRICAN SYMPOSIUM An On-line Educational Research Journal A Publication of the African Educational Research Network Volume 4 No. 4 December 2004 African Educational Reform in the era of Globalization: Conflicts and Harmony By Dr. Kwadwo A. Okrah, Director, Center for Global Education Indiana University South Bend Abstract The world is becoming, if it has not already become, a global village and we need to produce citizens who will appreciate the uniqueness of the human race rather than color-defined race. And, Education (introduction to worthwhile learning) is increasingly seen by many nations as the key that will open the door to the benefits of globalization. However, globalization has been loosely defined as the integration of the world economy into a single international market. This assumption may be true for Western Liberal and industrial nations, but for most developing countries and traditional societies where there are tensions surrounding education and globalization, serious concerns have come to the fore. For example, we need to clarify whether the objective of global education is to produce global citizens or globally literate persons. Finally, the paper will provide a suggestion for serious stakeholder involvement in educational planning and a more serious synthesis of global and indigenous education that is made not only to ensure cultural and cognitive democracy in developing countries but also to help them reclaim their long-term purpose of education, which was survival, continuity and character development.

92. KNUST Faculty Of Social Science Besides, it traces the development of African history as an area of study. The role of the indigenous people would be emphasised. http://www.knust.edu.gh/knust_old/academics/faculties/social.science/gen.african

Home Administration Academics Postgraduate ... Admissions Department of General and African Studies Academics Departments Languages General and African Studies Economics and Industrial Management Faculty About us Entry requirements Staff Contact us Research Sections History Geography Law Sociology HISTORY SECTION YEAR ONE HIST 151: INTRODUCTION TO HISTORICAL STUDIES 1 (2 Credits) The course aims at introducing students to the different conceptions of the nature of History as an academic discipline. It also examines the problems emanating from the various definitions of history and justification for historical studies. Besides, it examines the factors that shape history and traces the development of modern historical studies up to the end of the nineteenth century. It also focuses on the elementary techniques for studying history. HIST 152: INTRODUCTION TO HISTORICAL STUDIES II (2 Credits) The course traces the development of and the different approaches to the historical studies in the twentieth century. It also examines the relation between history, science and the other social sciences and provides an introduction to the professional writing of history. Besides, it traces the development of African history as an area of study.

93. BLACK AUTHOR PUBLISHES A SUMMARIZED COMMENTARY OF WORLD HISTORY Fairfield, CA (BlackNews.com) New African American Author/Activist/Educator, It is a call toward global responsibility, unity among all peoples, http://www.exodusnews.com/Books/Review064.htm

Match ALL words Match ANY word Books Home World National California ... Office Published: May 5, 2005 BLACK AUTHOR PUBLISHES A SUMMARIZED COMMENTARY OF WORLD HISTORY, NATURE, HEALTH, RELIGION, ORGANIZED CRIME, AND INSPIRATION FOR THE YOUTH Fairfield, CA (BlackNews.com) - New African American Author/Activist/Educator, Quinton Douglass Crawford, has produced a dynamic textbook - "Knowledge For Tomorrow". Mainly available through www.bn.com and Amazon.com, this book is slowly arriving to stores and libraries throughout the U.S., and hopefully other countries. It is a call toward global responsibility, unity among all peoples, and acknowledgement of the wrongs caused by Eurocentric and Arabizing influencing over other peoples. It also gives excellent insight into health information that one would not expect to come from a writer in the social science area. The factual origins of AIDS, general cures for problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, and the so-called ADHD problem slated as a serious problem. The hip-hop music industry is given a high amount of praise in this book as well. The author gives prominent respect and promotes the positive lyrics of artists such as, KRS-ONE, Guru, ISIS, and others for the relative moral contribution made in the life of the author. Reckognition of the Native Peoples of the America's, and other Indigenous Peoples around the world are explained, and called upon for there significance, and to motivate the women to move into greater power roles. Women are subtly requested to take there natural leadership roles around the world, especially those of Africa, and the Americas.

94. Studies Among The Akan Of West Africa; Community, History, Society, Culture Studies Among the Akan People of West africa Community, Society, History, Cuture;With a Special Focus on the Kwawu. Gyenyame Unless God (Akan Adinkra http://www.scn.org/rdi/

Sociology: Black Apoma Case Study , Sociology; Correspondence Covert Gynocracy Cross Cousin Marriage Dispersed Community Abstract ... Why Obo History: Kwawu Prehistory The Afram Trains Swiss Missionaries Illustrated Essays: Introduction; Gender Women I; Food Women II; Farming Women III: Cooking Women IV: Marketing Women V; Clay Men I; Wood Men II; Weaving Men and Women; Oil Palm Traditional Religion: The Spirit in Us; Introduction Gods I; Tutelary Deities Gods II; Nansing Gods III; Health and Fertility ... Geographic Food Taboos Geography: Map of Ghana , showing Kwawu; Kwawu Historical Trade Routes Sketch of Kwawu Geology of Kwawu ... Settlement Patterns Other Topics: Associations Bartles Cocoa Kids ... Transport Abe Intro Farming Tapping Marketing Other Kwawu Studies I am using this web site to bring together several of my articles about Kwawu culture and social structure, and also some of my slides, maps and other documents. I will briefly describe some of the contents of the site here. While I am teaching at Camosun College , I am using its technical facilities in AV (Audio Visual). They have recently purchased a new scanner that can make digital images from slides. It is a slow and tedious process, and it took me one day to do the first twenty slides. As my slides are now more than thirty years old, many spoiled by the travel over those years, some destroyed by various moulds and fungi from the hot and humid weather of the tropics, I am taking time between teaching obligations to scan them before they are lost. The “ Abe (Palm) ” paper is very light. It is from a collection of slides that I took during the seventies when I was a PhD student at the University of Ghana, Legon. I have selected some of those slides, and trimmed and enhanced them with digital editing. I use them here to demonstrate that the oil palm tree (like the Cedar for West Coast First Nations) has many uses, and that many of them can be used to illustrate the difference between women’s work and men's work. Too many slides made the page open slowly, so I have divided it up into:

95. AKAN CULTURAL SYMBOLS PROJECT CRAFTS PEOPLE Various crafts people have helped in making this project successful. It isalso a constant reminder about the wisdom of our African ancestry, http://www.marshall.edu/akanart/craftspeople.htm

AKAN CULTURAL SYMBOLS PROJECT CRAFTS PEOPLE Various crafts people have helped in making this project successful. Listed here are some of these crafts people with samples of their works, and how to get in touch with them in case any one is interested in their works. Woodcarvers Craft Persons Samples of Works KOJO Bambir's works have been given as gifts by the Ghana Government to foreign dignitaries that visit Ghana. Click here to see some more examples of public works that Kojo Bambir has worked on as well as some photos of work from the Bambir and Sons Wood Carving Shop. Contact Information Kojo Bambir and Sons P. O. Box 332 Achimota, Ghana The workshop is to be found in the area of Achimota called Neoplan, near the Achimota Taxi Station on the Accra-Nsawam Road. Stools Abusua Poma Mural in the Chamber of the Old Parliament House, Accra. This mural was designed by Kofi Antubam and Kojo Bambi and three other woodcarvers assisted in carving. ABURI GROUP OF CARVERS ABURI WOOD CARVERS Aburi Wood carvers are based at Aburi on top of the picturesque Akwapim Mountains about 20 miles from the center of Accra.

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