101. Armenia Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Guide Provided By World Travel Guide armenia - Overview, Visa and Passport requirements, vacation advice, holiday guide, international travel, travel agent, business trip, http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/arm/arm580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Asia/Armenia/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Armenia hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Armenia Armenia History and Government History: A tragic sense of lost territory and national persecution, pride in a long and unbroken history of religion and learning, and a tradition of emigration and deportation combine – in a similar manner to the Jewish people, with whom they are often compared – to give the Armenian people a strong sense of national identity. Before it was incorporated into the Roman Empire in AD114, the Armenian Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea in the east to the Mediterranean in the west. In AD 301, Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity as its state religion and by the fifth century, the church had developed an alphabet, which is still used today. The incorporation of Armenia into the Turkish Seljuk Empire, in the 11th century, resulted in the first of many waves of emigration and the beginning of the Armenian Diaspora. Turkish rule was not fully consolidated, however, and over the next three centuries, Armenia sought to re-establish its identity. Local potentates forged a variety of alliances according to the strategic imperative of the time – with fellow Christians (namely the crusaders) or with the Mongols – to ward off the threat of the Egyptian Mamluks in the 13th century. The Mamluk advance into the region brought an end to this period of comparative independence; subsequent Armenian history is almost exclusively that of foreign domination. The Mamluks were supplanted by the Ottoman Turks, after which Armenia became the subject of a constant struggle between the Turks and the Iranian Safavid dynasty, until the 18th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russians moved in and took control of the area that is now the modern state of Armenia. Russian rule was at best heavy handed, particularly under Tsar Nicholas II, who closed Armenian schools and libraries and confiscated the assets of the Armenian church.

102. Armenian Development Agency Armenian government supports liberal investment climate for foreign and local investors News Events. ADA is amongst the top 5% of Investment Promotion http://www.ada.am/

103. Armenian Allegations Of Genocide - Main Issues - Government & Policy - Turkish E Infusing history with myth, Armenian Americans vilify the Republic of Turkey, against their government the Ottoman government and joined Armenian http://www.turkishembassy.org/governmentpolitics/issuesarmenian.htm

Home Main Issues Armenian Allegations of Genocide The Issue and the Facts The Issue: Whether within the events leading to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire genocide was perpetrated against Armenian Ottoman citizens in Eastern Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire ruled over all of Anatolia and significant parts of Europe, North Africa, the Caucasus and Middle East for over 700 hundred years. Lands once Ottoman dominions today comprise more than 30 independent nations. go to top Relevance: The truth demands that every side of a story be told. Fundamental freedoms enshrined in the U.S. Constitution protect those who choose to challenge the Armenian American view. The complete story of the vast suffering of this period has not yet been written. When that story is told, the following facts must not be forgotten. go to top FACT 1: Demographic studies prove that prior to World War I, fewer than 1.5 million Armenians lived in the entire Ottoman Empire. Thus, allegations that more than 1.5 million Armenians from eastern Anatolia died must be false.

104. Frequently Asked Questions About The Armenian Genocide This makes genocide the quintessential state crime as only a government has the government against the entire Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire. http://www.armenian-genocide.org/genocidefaq.html

Genocide Memorials Photo Collections Sample Documents Genocide Map ... Organizations Just Published: America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 Frequently Asked Questions about the Armenian Genocide Home Educational Resources What is the Armenian Genocide? Who was responsible for the Armenian Genocide? ... Are the Armenian massacres acknowledged today as a Genocide according to the United Nations Genocide Convention? What is the Armenian Genocide? [top of list] Who was responsible for the Armenian Genocide? [top of list] The decision to carry out a genocide against the Armenian people was made by the political party in power in the Ottoman Empire. This was the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (or Ittihad ve Terakki Jemiyeti ), popularly known as the Young Turks. Three figures from the CUP controlled the government; Mehmet Talaat, Minister of the Interior in 1915 and Grand Vizier (Prime Minister) in 1917; Ismail Enver, Minister of War; Ahmed Jemal, Minister of the Marine and Military Governor of Syria. This Young Turk triumvirate relied on other members of the CUP appointed to high government posts and assigned to military commands to carry out the Armenian Genocide. In addition to the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Interior, the Young Turks also relied on a newly-created secret outfit which they manned with convicts and irregular troops, called the Special Organization ( Teshkilati Mahsusa How many people died in the Armenian Genocide?

105. Armenian Genocide Armenian aspirations for representation and participation in government aroused The government was determined to avoid resolving the socalled Armenian http://www.armenian-genocide.org/genocide.html

Genocide Memorials Photo Collections Sample Documents Genocide Map ... Organizations Just Published: America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 Armenian Genocide Home Educational Resources Encyclopedia Entries on the Armenian Genocide In April 1915 the Ottoman government embarked upon the systematic decimation of its civilian Armenian population. The persecutions continued with varying intensity until 1923 when the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist and was replaced by the Republic of Turkey. The Armenian population of the Ottoman state was reported at about two million in 1915. An estimated one million had perished by 1918, while hundreds of thousands had become homeless and stateless refugees. By 1923 virtually the entire Armenian population of Anatolian Turkey had disappeared. The Ottoman Empire was ruled by the Turks who had conquered lands extending across West Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe. The Ottoman government was centered in Istanbul (Constantinople) and was headed by a sultan who was vested with absolute power. The Turks practiced Islam and were a martial people. The Armenians, a Christian minority, lived as second class citizens subject to legal restrictions which denied them normal safeguards. Neither their lives nor their properties were guaranteed security. As non-Muslims they were also obligated to pay discriminatory taxes and denied participation in government. Scattered across the empire, the status of the Armenians was further complicated by the fact that the territory of historic Armenia was divided between the Ottomans and the Russians.

106. AYF.ORG / Armenian Youth Federation - Youth Organization Of The Armenian Revolut For two months each summer, students are placed in Armenian government agencies, private companies, or other organizations. Internships are available in http://www.ayf.org/

Demonstration at Azeri Embassy - September 1, Washington DC On September 1 the AYF will demonstrate in front of the Azeri Embassy before the official start of the 72nd AYF Eastern Regional Olympics hosted by the Washington Ani chapter. A major objective of the protest is to expose and counter Azerbaijan's plan to intimidate Karabagh's Armenian inhabitants into relinquishing their right to self-rule, while the most senior officials in Baku repeatedly threaten to take Karabagh by military force. CLICK HERE for more details AYF Senior Olympics 2005 - Washington DC! The Washington AYF Chapter is proud to welcome you back to the nation’s capital for the 72nd Annual AYF-YOARF Olympic Games, September 1-5, 2005. Please visit www.olympics2005.org for more information about this year's games in Washington, DC! AYF Internship in Armenia The AYF Internship in Armenia offers an opportunity for students to develop their professional careers while helping Armenia. For two months each summer, students are placed in Armenian government agencies, private companies, or other organizations. Internships are available in almost any desired field. For more information about the AYF Internship in Armenia click here.

107. Armenian Genocide, Armenian Massacres, Ottoman Empire, Government Of Turkey The Armenian Genocide of 1915 resulted in 1.5 million deaths at the hand of the Ottoman Turkish government. Today, the Turkish goverment denies this http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/Genocide/armenian_genocide.htm

Take Action Now March for Humanity Sitemap Home ... Armenian Genocide Armenian Genocide - 1915-1918 - 1,500,000 Deaths The Armenian Genocide, the first genocide of the 20th Century, occurred when two million Armenians living in Turkey were eliminated from their historic homeland through forced deportations and massacres. For three thousand years, a thriving Armenian community had existed inside the vast region of the Middle East bordered by the Black, Mediterranean and Caspian Seas. The area, known as Asia Minor, stands at the crossroads of three continents; Europe, Asia and Africa. Great powers rose and fell over the many centuries and the Armenian homeland was at various times ruled by Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs and Mongols. Despite the repeated invasions and occupations, Armenian pride and cultural identity never wavered. The snow-capped peak of Mount Ararat became its focal point and by 600 BC Armenia as a nation sprang into being. Following the advent of Christianity, Armenia became the very first nation to accept it as the state religion. A golden era of peace and prosperity followed which saw the invention of a distinct alphabet, a flourishing of literature, art, commerce, and a unique style of architecture. By the 10th century, Armenians had established a new capital at Ani, affectionately called the 'city of a thousand and one churches.'

108. Useful Answers To Frequent Questions On The Armenian Genocide The Turkish government does not have to disprove the Armenian Genocide, The issue is the stance of the Turkish government toward the Armenian Genocide http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/answers.html

Useful Answers to Frequent Questions on the Armenian Genocide By Dennis R. Papazian Why is the Armenian Genocide the "forgotten genocide," and the Holocaust so much in the public mind? Just think for a moment what would it be like if all of Turkey had been occupied by the Allies and war crimes trials had been brought to a successful conclusion. The episode would be widely followed, the chief perpetrators punished, and restitution made to the survivors. The survivors would then urge the world to remember their tragedy and seek to prevent such a tragedy from happening ever again. And just think for a moment if the Nazis survived World War II and there were no Nuremberg trials for the perpetrators of the Jewish Holocaust. The Nazis, just as the Turkish government today, would deny the Holocaust and its memory might fade into history. The Jews of course would demand recognition and attempt to keep their tragedy in the public eye, but most of the public would forget over time and the Holocaust might be known today as the "forgotten Holocaust." The Turkish government has spent millions of dollars on public relations experts attempting to eradicate from the public mind a memory of the Armenian Genocide or at least to cast doubt in the public mind. This attempt is made easier by the fact that few Americans today know anything about Turkey, Turkish history, and most certainly Turkish geography. The Turkish government does not have to disprove the Armenian Genocide, it merely needs to cast doubt on what happened in 1915-1923.

109. Sources On Turkey Armenian Issue. Ambassador H. Morgenthau s Story (US Ambassador to Constantinople, 19131916) government. Grand National Assembly Ministry of Culture http://www.hri.org/nodes/turkey.html

Compact version Today's Suggestion Visit the Cyprus News Agency (CNA) Archive Sunday, 18 September 2005 News Latest News (All) From Greece From Cyprus From Europe From Balkans ... PNP-Online User ID: Sources on Turkey Search the HR-Net Interesting Nodes Collection for: Check our weekly Nodes Update Report or receive it by email via our PNP service Please e-mail us at nodes-submit@hri.org or use the online form to suggest additions, request corrections or report outdated links, keeping in mind our policy on linked sites. Academic Armenian Issue Foreign Delegations General ... Source Lists Academic Bogazici University Bilkent University Education WWW Servers in Turkey Ege University ... European Association of Turkish Academics (EATA) Fatih University Istanbul Bilgi University Istanbul Technical University Izmir Institute of Technology ... National Library of Turkey (Milli Kutuphane) (Tubitak) Index: Turkish Student Organizations Around the World Turkish Universities (Index) Armenian Issue Ambassador H. Morgenthau's Story (US Ambassador to Constantinople, 1913-1916) Annotated Bibliography on the Armenian Genocide (ANCAER) (ATAA) Armenian Genocide I Armenian Genocide II Armenian Genocide III Armenian Issue ... The Armenian Question (Turkish Forum) The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916

110. Ministry Of Health The Page is under RECONSTRUCTION. http://www.armhealth.am/

The Page is under RECONSTRUCTION

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