21. Indigenous Peoples Of South America This site presents information on indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central, andSouth America. Other Guarani live in neighbouring Bolivia and argentina. http://gosouthamerica.about.com/od/indigenouspeoples/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Travel South America for Visitors History Indigenous Peoples Travel Go South America Essentials Plan Your Trip ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the South America for Visitors newsletter! See Online Courses Search South America for Visitors Indigenous Peoples of South America History, anthroplogy, descriptions, customs, languages and current status of the indigenous tribes of South America. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Abipon "The Abipon were an indigenous people of South America. They lived in the lower Bermejo River area in the Argentine Gran Chaco. The tribe was one of the tribes that belonged to the linguistic group Guaycuru." Abya Yala Net "This site presents information on Indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central, and South America." Amazon Tribes: Isolated by Choice? "No one knows precisely how many people live in isolation from the industrial-technological world. Many of these people, perhaps thousands, are believed to thrive in the remote stretches of the Amazon River Basin of South America." Andean History "At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the last years of the fifteenth century, the native population of the South America, was estimated to have numbered 10 to 15 million, more than half of whom lived in the the northern and central Andes and adjacent areas."

22. Music And Composers Of Argentina European Protestants brought their music with them to argentina in the 1900s.Many European church musicians taught indigenous peoples to play and even http://www.sbgmusic.com/html/teacher/reference/cultures/argent.html

Music and Composers of Argentina The South American country of Argentina is home to a variety of musical styles and traditions. Many of them are the result of a blending of indigenous and immigrant cultures. Spanish colonists arrived in the 1500s, and another big wave of immigrants (mostly Spaniards and Italians, and some people from France, Germany, Great Britain, and Poland) came from the 1870s to the 1940s. Africans were brought to Argentina by Spanish colonists to work as slaves, but their numbers were greatly diminished during a yellow fever epidemic in 1871. Descendents of immigrants make up about 85% of the population of Argentina today. As a result, art music in Argentina has followed patterns similar to those in Europe since the 1500s. Folk Music of Argentina There are two main kinds of folk music heard almost everywhere in Argentina. One is music that comes from original indigenous cultures (there are many), and the other is creole music that has evolved from the culture of the Spanish colonists and their descendants, often mixing with local original traditions. European dances, popular songs, religious music, instruments, and festivals such as Carnival were brought to Argentina by immigrants, and have evolved into the creole music enjoyed today. Argentina is divided into different regions according to geography and climate, and each of these areas has cultural characteristics of its own. Patagonia, which is in the south, has not had as many visitors or colonists over the centuries as other areas (the weather can be daunting), so much of the folk music is still basically the same indigenous music that it has been for centuries. It is grounded in a spiritual tradition involving life events: birth, childhood, puberty, healing, marriage, hunting, herding flocks to grazing land, expressing gratitude, and death.

23. War On Terror Has Latin America Indigenous People In Its Sights In neighboring argentina, meanwhile, native peoples make up between 1.5 and Maldós commented that Latin America’s indigenous people are in the midst of http://www.canadiandimension.mb.ca/v39/v39_4gg.htm

24. Canadian Dimension Indigenous Peoples Declaration Against United The representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Americas strongly requestthat all argentina Conferencia Permanente de Pueblos Indígenas COPPIP. http://www.canadiandimension.mb.ca/extra/d0408ip.htm

25. Global Exchange : Indigenous Peoples Build Their Own Strategy At The Fourth Summ In argentina, The Mapuche Confederation of Neuquen, the indigenous Commission of argentina (CJIRA), in consultation with important indigenous peoples http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/americas/argentina/3388.html

Programs in the Americas Africa Americas Argentina Bolivia ... Argentina Indigenous peoples build their own strategy at the fourth Summit of the Americas Indian Country August 09, 2005 Nilo Cayuqueo Preparations for the fourth Summit of the Americas, where the heads of all states in the Americas except Cuba will meet, are underway. It will take place Nov. 4 - 5 in Mar del Plata, Argentina. In the fold of globalization, the heads of state in the Americas, including President Bush, will gather to discuss and sign new economic and political agreements. Led by the United States and Canada, the propagators and driving forces of these summits, it takes place every four years. The first summit was held in Miami in 1994. Also being organized - with economic and political support from the Canadian government, the Assembly of First Nations of Canada and the Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Argentina - is the second Summit of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, to take place in Buenos Aires one week before the presidents' summit. The first summit of indigenous peoples, also sponsored by the Canadian government under the theme ''Indigenous Peoples Connecting to the New Economy,'' took place in Ottawa in March 2001 three weeks before the third Summit of the Americas, held that year in Quebec City.

26. 'War On Terror' Has Indigenous People In Its Sights - Empire? - Global Policy Fo In Ecuador, indigenous people account for an estimated 40 percent of the In neighbouring argentina, meanwhile, native peoples make up between 1.5 and http://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/terrorwar/analysis/2005/0606terrorindig.htm

about GPF What's New Newsletter Sitemap ... *Opinion Forum 'War on Terror' Has Indigenous People in Its Sights By Gustavo González Inter Press Service June 6, 2005 The ”war on terror”, identified in Amnesty International's annual report as a new source of human rights abuses, is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market policies and ”neo-liberal” globalisation. In the United States ”there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilising elements and terrorists,” and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer José Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco (670 km south of the Chilean capital), told IPS. Pedro Cayuqueo, director of the Mapuche newspaper Azkintuwe, also from the city of Temuco, wrote that the growing indigenous activism in Latin America and Islamic radicalism are both depicted as threats to the security and hegemony of the United States in the ”Global Trends 2020 - Mapping the Global Future” study by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC). NIC works with 13 government agencies, including the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), and is advised by experts from the United States and other countries. Cayuqueo described the report as ”a veritable x-ray” of potential ”counterinsurgency scenarios” from now to the year 2020. In the process of drafting the report, NIC organised 12 regional conferences around the world, one of which was held in Santiago in June 2004.

27. CWS Project Description - Church World Service Launches Initiative With Indigeno with the indigenous peoples of the Chaco region in Bolivia, argentina, The initiative seeks to secure the rights of indigenous people to their lands http://www.churchworldservice.org/Development/project_description/descriptions/1

@import "/css/complex.css"; @import "/css/complex_hnav.css"; Skip navigation Hotline Newsroom Resources ... Hunger Facts Church World Service Launches Initiative with Indigenous People in Chaco Region of South America Tito Recalde outside his home in Cerrito, Paraguay. Photo: Tom Hampson/CWS When God created humans he said to them, "When you walk the earth, remember that you are part of all you see. Take care of the earth as you would take care of yourself." - Elder of the Nivacle people, Paraguay NEW YORK – Church World Service announces the launch of a four-year program to assist over 250 indigenous communities in the Grand Chaco region of South America. A CWS-sponsored consultation, held Feb. 17 and 18 in Asunción, Paraguay, put the final touches on a coordination agreement between five highly regarded partner agencies who have long experience working with the indigenous peoples of the Chaco region in Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. The initiative seeks to secure the rights of indigenous people to their lands, as well as provide needed technical assistance in areas of agricultural development, education, and the creation of small business enterprises. The Grand Chaco is the largest forested area in Latin America after the Amazon basin, and like the Amazon is threatened by aggressive forestry and agricultural practices, as well as mineral exploration. For the dozens of indigenous communities that have called the Chaco home for centuries, these incursions threaten their way of life, their habitat, and their very survival.

28. The Legacy Project: Legacy Events Index The term indigenous refers to those peoples who have inhabited and made theirliving directly off Huellas del Colonizaje, Miguel Angel Rios, argentina http://www.legacy-project.org/events/display.html?ID=22

29. Aboriginal Planet - Around The Planet - ARGENTINA-CANADA INDIGENOUS RELATIONS argentina s indigenous peoples were represented at the Aboriginal Summit held inthe lead up to the Quebec Americas Summit in 2001. http://www.international.gc.ca/aboriginalplanet/750/around/latin/arargentina-en.

Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... About Us Argentina - Canada Indigenous Relations Alain Jolicoeur Visits Argentina Over the past decade, exchanges between the indigenous peoples of Canada and Argentina have grown remarkably. Initiatives spanning the political, commercial, international cooperation and academic areas have occurred with increasing frequency, as the relationship has deepened For example, today it is Canadian Indigenous art that publicly represents Canada in Argentina: in Buenos Aires there is a Canada Square centred on a totem pole donated by the Kwakiutl nation, and in Santa Fe there is a Canada Square at the National University of Rosario marked by an Inukshuk built on site by Inuit carver David Piktoukoun. The Peoples The territory currently occupied by Argentina was inhabited before the arrival of the Spanish "conquistadores" by several different aboriginal nations, that extended their influence to areas that currently belong to the countries neighbouring Argentina. The vast southern Patagonia region was inhabited by the Mapuche (still a large population in both Argentina and Chile), Ona, Tehuelche and Yamana nations, while today's central Argentina was inhabited by the Huarpe and Rankulche people, with some presence of the other nations we mentioned above in its notional borders. Among the most important groups, we could also find, in Northwest Argentina, close to the border with Bolivia, the Quechua, Aymara (both currently referred to as Kolla nation) and Diaguita peoples whose members were subjects of the Inca empire. They are an important minority in Argentina's northwestern tip and a majority in neighbouring Bolivia. Other nations with settlements in that region were the Atacama, Avá-Guarany, Chané, Chorote, Chulupí, Omaguaca, Tapiete, Toba, Tupí-Guarany and Wichi. The former, alongside the Mbya-Guarany, Mocoví, Pilagá, Toba and Vilela peoples were also established in what is today the Argentine northeast, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay.

30. Latin America: ‘War On Terror’ Zeroes In On Indigenous People In neighboring argentina, meanwhile, native peoples make up between 1.5 and Mr. Maldus commented to IPS that Latin America’s indigenous people are in http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_2064.shtml

Subscribe NOI Online Last Updated: Jun 20th, 2005 Front Page Minister Louis Farrakhan National News World News ... Millions More Movement Search All Categories Minister Louis Farrakhan National News World News Perspectives Columns Entertainment News Modern Technology Features Millions More Movement Advanced Search Search archives Subscribe to FinalCall.com E-List Enter email address: Add Latin America: ‘War on Terror’ zeroes in on Indigenous people By Gustavo Gonzalez Updated Jun 20, 2005, 10:42 am Refer this article Print page Riot policemen arrest protesters during a demonstration in La Paz, June 7. A day after ousting Bolivian president Carlos Mesa, tens of thousands of protesters descended on La Paz, some detonating blasting caps, to demand that the Senate leader resign, as well. Photo: AFP SANTIAGO (IPS/GIN) - The “war on terror—identified in Amnesty International’s annual report as a new source of human rights abuses—is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting Indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market globalization. In the United States, “there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilizing elements and terrorists,” and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer Jose Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco, south of the Chilean capital, told IPS.

31. Latin America: ‘War On Terror’ Zeroes In On Indigenous People “It’s true that indigenous peoples are a threat, from the point of view of In neighboring argentina, meanwhile, native peoples make up between 1.5 and http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/printer_2064.shtml

Home National World Perspectives ... Subscribe FinalCall.com News - Refer This Page World News Latin America: ‘War on Terror’ zeroes in on Indigenous people By Gustavo Gonzalez Updated Jun 20, 2005, 10:42 am SANTIAGO (IPS/GIN) - The “war on terror—identified in Amnesty International’s annual report as a new source of human rights abuses—is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting Indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market globalization. In the United States, “there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilizing elements and terrorists,” and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer Jose Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco, south of the Chilean capital, told IPS. Pedro Cayuqueo, director of the Mapuche newspaper Azkintuwe , also from the city of Temuco, wrote that the growing Indigenous and Islamic activism in Latin America are both depicted as threats to the security and hegemony of the United States in the “Global Trends 2020—Mapping the Global Future” study by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC). NIC works with 13 government agencies, including the CIA, and is advised by experts from the United States and other countries. Mr. Cayuqueo described the report as “a veritable x-ray” of potential “counterinsurgency scenarios” from now to the year 2020.

32. Indigenous Peoples' Human Rights Both Chile and argentina pursued policies to take the Mapuche’s lands. These are meant to address the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples as set http://www.hrusa.org/indig/reports/mapuche.htm

The Mapuche People of South America Background For most of the time since independence, Chile has pursued policies explicitly meant to take control of Mapuche territories. The political, cultural and social independence of the Mapuche was explicitly denied, and even now the Chilean Constitution does not recognize the distinct political and cultural identities of indigenous peoples within Chile. However, in 1993 a law was passed to recognize, protect and support indigenous peoples (Law 19.253 for the Protection, Promotion and Development of Indigenous People). There are five main foci of the law: political participation, education, land rights, cultural rights, and development rights. These are meant to address the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples as set by UN Convention No. 169: The Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention. MAP OF CHILE Source: WorldAtlas.com http://www.graphicmaps.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/maps/clmap.htm Current Struggles Hydroelectric development: Perhaps one of the most important struggles for the Mapuche is the movement against hydro-electric development in their territories, on the Bío Bío River. In the Bío Bío project, the energy company ENDESA, S.A. (owned by Spanish parent company Enersis Group) plans to build six dams along the Bío Bío River for hydro-electric power. The project began with the Pangue dam, and construction of the second dam (Ralco) is currently underway. The Mapuche were not included in the planning for this project. In fact, two Mapuche representatives in the Chilean government were dismissed because of their resistance to the project. After their dismissal, the president appointed a non-Mapuche to the position, and the project was approved.

33. About Foei farmers and indigenous peoples. In argentina indigenous communities are threatenedby mining, oil and dam projects all at the same time, while others are http://www.foei.org/about/focusargentina.html

home about foei focus on argentina meet amigos de la tierra argentina Raquel Schrott talks about working with indigenous peoples Raquel Schrott at a rally to defend Mapuche territories In 1998, a Friends of the Earth representative visited the high school where I was studying and invited me to join a group of young people who were concerned about environmental problems in the neighbourhood. Since then, many people have joined Friends of the Earth in Buenos Aires. I met Friends of the Earth Argentina campaigner Ezequiel Miodownik there, and on March 2003, after a seven month engagement, we got married, united by the same struggle and by the same idea that things could be different. a connection with the earth and its people communication We also believed that it was necessary to break the information barriers built up by corporate mass media. We met up with the guys from Indymedia (argentina.indymedia.org) and developed a new environmental section on the Indymedia Argentina site. There, any organization or individual can publish their news. The collective tries to show how environmental and social struggles link together with local, regional and global perspectives. We also found a really interesting and useful tool in the Real World Radio ( www.realworldradio.fm

34. ZNet |Terror War | 'War On Terror' Has Indigenous People In Its Sights It s true that indigenous peoples are a threat, from the point of view of In neighbouring argentina, meanwhile, native peoples make up between 1.5 and http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=8031

35. ZNet |Argentina | Argentina's Forgotten People Today there are only around 500 000 indigenous peoples left in argentina, includingWichis, Tobas, Kollas, Teheulches, Diaguitas, Pilagas, Cholotes, http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=42&ItemID=4861

36. LATIN AMERICA: 'War On Terror ' Has Indigenous People In Its Sights : Miami IMC In neighboring argentina, meanwhile, native peoples make up between 1.5 and Maldós commented to IPS that Latin America s indigenous people are in the http://miami.indymedia.org/news/2005/06/1777.php

Home IMC Miami Forum About Us Contact Us ... Calendar Translate Spanish German French Italian Portuguese Japanese Korean Chinese Search the Site Media Text Image Audio Video Other All the Newswires Florida IMCs Tallahasee Tampa Northwest FTAA IMC About Indymedia Visit Indymedia.org What is Indymedia? Indymedia Projects Radio around the world Indymedia TV Indymedia Print Project INDYMEDIA NETWORK printable version email this article by Gustavo González* Tuesday, Jun. 28, 2005 at 4:26 PM Inter Press Service News Agency SANTIAGO, Jun 6 (IPS) - The "war on terror",identified in Amnesty International's annual report as a new source of human rights abuses, is threatening to expand to Latin America, targeting indigenous movements that are demanding autonomy and protesting free-market policies and "neo-liberal" globalisation. In the United States "there is a perception of indigenous activists as destabilizing elements and terrorists," and their demands and activism have begun to be cast in a criminal light, lawyer José Aylwin, with the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the University of the Border in Temuco (670 km south of the Chilean capital), told IPS. Pedro Cayuqueo, director of the Mapuche newspaper Azkintuwe, also from the city of Temuco, wrote that the growing indigenous activism in Latin America and Islamic radicalism are both depicted as threats to the security and hegemony of the United States in the "Global Trends 2020 - Mapping the Global Future" study by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC). NIC works with 13 government agencies, including the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), and is advised by experts from the United States and other countries.

37. MSN Encarta - Argentina Prior to European contact, argentina’s indigenous peoples were far less numerousand generally had lessdeveloped cultures than indigenous peoples in Mexico http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556250_10/Argentina.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Andes, mountain chain in western Argentina capital, Buenos Aires more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Argentina Search for books and more related to Argentina Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for Argentina Encarta Search Search Encarta about Argentina Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Argentina ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 10 of 12 Argentina Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 62 items Dynamic Map Map of Argentina Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources People Education and Culture ... History VII History Print Preview of Section Prior to European contact, Argentina’s indigenous peoples were far less numerous and generally had less-developed cultures than indigenous peoples in Mexico and Peru. Most were hunter-gatherers . Some highly developed indigenous peoples lived inland, far away from the coast. The Diaguita of western and northwestern Argentina practiced agriculture. Their societies and cultures bore traces of influence from the Inca Empire . In northeastern Argentina, bordering on contemporary Paraguay, the Guaran­ peoples practiced slash-and-burn agriculture, clearing forestland by cutting down and burning the existing vegetation.

38. MSN Encarta - Argentina argentina also has a small number of indigenous peoples and its 1994 constitutionalreforms guaranteed them certain rights, including the right to bilingual http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556250_3/Argentina.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Andes, mountain chain in western Argentina capital, Buenos Aires more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Argentina Search for books and more related to Argentina Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for Argentina Encarta Search Search Encarta about Argentina Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Argentina ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 3 of 12 Argentina Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 62 items Dynamic Map Map of Argentina Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources People Education and Culture ... History D Natural Resources The traditional wealth of Argentina lies in the vast Pampas, which are used for extensive grazing and grain production. However, Argentine timber and mineral resources, especially offshore deposits of petroleum and natural gas, have assumed increasing importance. E Plants and Animals The indigenous vegetation of Argentina varies greatly with the different climates and geographic regions of the country. The warm and moist northeastern area supports tropical plants, including such trees as the palm

39. Argentina - History & Culture argentina s culture has been greatly affected by its immigrant population, The principal indigenous peoples are the Quechua of the northwest and the http://www.geographia.com/argentina/history.htm

ARGENTINA A long with numerous nomadic tribespeople, two main indigenous groups existed in Argentina before the European arrival. In the northwest, near Bolivia and the Andes, was a people known as the Diaguita, while further south and to the east were the Guarani. Together the Diaguita and the Guarani constitute the origins of permanent agricultural civilization in Argentina, both developing the cultivation of maize. The Diaguita are also remembered for having successfully prevented the powerful Inca from expanding their empire into Argentina from what is now Bolivia. It was perhaps a legacy of this successful resistance that enabled the native peoples of Argentina to carry on a prolonged campaign against colonization and rule by the Spanish. The first Spaniard to land in Argentina, Juan de Solis, was killed in 1516, and several attempts to found Buenos Aires were stymied by the local inhabitants. Inland cities were more successful, and it wasn't until the late 16th century that Buenos Aires was securely established. Despite its military success, indigenous resistance was inexorably weakened by the introduction of diseases from Europe. Even after the native threat became minimal, however, Argentina was still mostly neglected by Spain, which was more interested in developing Lima and the riches of Peru. Buenos Aires was forbidden to trade with foreign countries, and the city became a smuggler's haunt. The restrictive trade

40. Info 21 Indigenous Resources On The Internet 13 million people in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Northern Chile, argentina, indigenous peoples, indigenous Knowledge and Innovations and the Convention http://www.undp.org/info21/sector/s-c-indi.html

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