61. BookSense.com The veteran explorer Ernest Shackleton had been to antarctica twice before his legendary Antarctic exploration features heavily in this riveting, http://www.booksense.com/readup/themes/1109pole.jsp

62. Representations Of Antarctica Doumani, GA The Frigid Mistress Life and exploration in antarctica. antarctica Firsthand Accounts of exploration and Endurance. http://www.utas.edu.au/english/Representations_of_Antarctica/non _fiction_adult.

Title Page Antarctic Bibliography Home Fiction, 1950- (Adult) Fiction, 1750-1950 (Adult) ... SCHOOL OF ENGLISH HOME POPULAR NON-FICTIONAL ACCOUNTS OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION, INHABITATION AND SCIENCE This section of the bibliography is not intended to be comprehensive. Its purpose is to provide a broad selection of non-fictional accounts of Antarctic inhabitation, with a particular focus on exploration and science. A to H I to O P to Z Back to Top ... Home Adams, Richard and Roland Lockley. Voyage Through the Antarctic. New York: Knopf, 1983. Albert, M.H. The Long White Road: Sir Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic Adventures. New York: D. McKay, 1957. Alexander, Caroline. The Endurance, Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition. New York: Knopf, 1998. Alley, Richard B. The Two-Mile Time Machine: Ice Cores, Abrupt Climate Change, and Our Future. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2000. American Geographical Society. History of Antarctic Exploration and Scientific Investigation: Folio 19. New York: American Geographical Society, 1975. Amundsen, Roald.

63. Booklist: Reference On The Web: Exploring Antarctica. traces of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration and a significant historic site. offers very detailed information about Antarctic exploration. http://archive.ala.org/booklist/v98/my1/47exploring.html

Booklist RBB v.98 RBB Reviews Reference on the Web Special Features ... ALA Home Page How to subscribe to Booklist Magazine Reference on the Web: Exploring Antarctica The story of Ernest Shackleton’s Endurance expedition has been the subject of several recent books, a museum exhibition, a public television program, and an IMAX movie. The Web provides an alternate route for students and armchair explorers to learn more about Shackleton and other giants of the “heroic age” of Antarctic discovery (1901–1917). We found most of these links in the “Resources” section of Antarctica and the Arctic: The Complete Encyclopedia, reviewed on p.1542. All sites were last accessed on March 15, 2002. The AAP Mawson’s Huts Foundation. http://203.63.165.141 Douglas Mawson, leader of the Australian Antarctic expedition (1911–1914), oversaw the building of four huts at his base camp at Cape Denison. The huts are among the most enduring physical traces of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration and a significant historic site. This Web site documents ongoing preservation and restoration efforts. Antarctic Philately.

64. South-Pole.com: Arctic & Antarctic History On The Net This is generally referred to as the beginning of the HEROIC ERA of Antarctic exploration, dating from Adrien de Gerlache s BELGIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION http://www.south-pole.com/homepage.html

Welcome to the home page of South-Pole.com. This site is dedicated to the heroic explorers of our polar regions and the surrounding islands. The tales of these brave souls were often related in expedition mail sent home to anxious loved ones and beneficiaries. As you browse through this site, you will witness an extensive mix of reference material that will be useful to philatelists and students of polar history alike. For example, to the left you will notice a letter addressed to Capt. Nathaniel B. Palmer (1799-1877), who went to sea at the age of 14. At the age of 20, he played a major role as captain and part-owner of the HERO on the Fanning-Pendleton Sealing Expedition. The following season, as commander of the JAMES MONROE , he and British sealer George Powell together discovered the South Orkney Islands. While the history of Arctic adventure essentially begins with the nineteenth century quest for the Northwest Passage and North Pole, the early explorers to Antarctic seas made sojourns solely for commercial reasons, some of which, incidentally, made new discoveries. The majority of these voyages, along with the highest development of the whaling and sealing industry, came in the nineteenth century when operations took place in every ocean of the world. Many of the peri-Antarctic islands were discovered by sealers or whalers and the first landings on half of them were made by men engaged in the whale and penguin oil industry. A particular problem with many sealing voyages was the secrecy with which the industry was conducted; should a captain and crew discover a new sealing area, they normally concealed its location in the hope of having no competition when exploiting it on subsequent voyages. The early sealing industry declined as the population of Fur seals and Elephant seals were reduced to such an extent that the industry became virtually unprofitable.

65. Antarctic Explorers: Hubert Wilkins As much a supporter of Antarctic exploration as Casey was, his efforts nevertheless failed. Fortunately, the United States was interested. http://www.south-pole.com/p0000106.htm

Hubert Wilkins Sir Hubert Wilkins Born at Mount Bryan East, South Australia, on October 31, 1888, Hubert Wilkins was the thirteenth child born to a South Australian sheep-farming family. As a young student, Hubert studied engineering part-time at the School of Mines in Adelaide, however his passion was photography and cinematography. An official biography would list his career as war correspondent, polar explorer, naturalist, geographer, climatologist, aviator, author, balloonist, war hero, reporter, secret agent, submariner and navigator. This was an extraordinary man. In 1908 Wilkins stowed away on a ship from which he later abandoned in Algiers. The next thing he knew, he found himself in a gang of criminals involved with gun-running, kidnapping, drug dealing and spying. At 24, Wilkins was hired by the Gaumont Film Company to join the Turkish side of the Turko-Bulgarian War of 1912 and shoot footage of the war. In 1913, Wilkins became second in command of Vilhjalmur Stefansson's expedition to the Canadian Arctic. He went on to learn how to fly and in 1917 Wilkins returned to his homeland of Australia and joined the Australian Flying Corps at the rank of lieutenant. Although an aviator, his primary duty was to photograph the gruesome fighting in the field. His superior officer was none other than Captain Frank Hurley, the famous photographer of

66. Home A list of books about Antarctic exploration, focusing on the heroic age. http://www.scelder.org.uk/

A Bibliography of Historical Exploration in Antarctica INDEX OF BOOKS TO GUEST BOOK Welcome, This is a selective and very personal web site by an enthusiastic, amateur collector of books on historical exploration in Antarctica. It exists to simply encourage others to read about the extraordinary people that went to the driest, coldest, most inhospitable continent on this earth. The courage shown, the hardship endured is something special and reading about them I am sure will leave you full of admiration. To newcomers to this site and to this subject, I urge you to read 'The Worst Journey In The World ' by Cherry Aspley- Garrard. This book gives a good indication of the hardships endured and of the stress of leadership in such extreme conditions. Study also the difference in leadership qualities of these early explorers. Roland Huntford has written some well researched books- . They also have been described 'as the case against Scott'. Make your own mind up about him- he was a product of the age and perhaps not the incompetent ogre that he is sometimes made out to be. Above all, enjoy the often understated heroic efforts of those who lived in an age of enlightenment. This is not a commercial site and I run it solely to share my enthusiasm for the subject. It has been in existence in various forms since 1997. During that time I have answered a host of questions from various sources about the Antarctic and Antarctic books. I hope to continue to do so. I welcome comments and updates on the books listed and particularly if you spot any factual errors although, I know there are none as I have checked it hundreds of times!

67. List CONRAD, LJ Bibliography of Antarctic exploration MORTIMER, Gavin Shackleton and the Antarctic Explorers MURPHY, JT German exploration of the http://www.scelder.org.uk/list.htm

BOOK LIST RETURN TO FRONT PAGE A ALDRIDGE, Don The Rescue Of Captain Scott ALEXANDER, Caroline Mrs Chippy's Last Expedition:1914-1915 ... Mawson a Life B BAINBRIDGE, Beryl The Birthday Boys BEGBIE, H. Shackleton- A Memory ... The Cruise of the 'Antarctic' C CAMERON, Ian To The Furthest Ends Of The Earth. Antarctica: The Lost Continent. CHAPMAN, Walker ... That First Antarctic Winter D DAVIS, John King With The 'Aurora' In The Antarctic 1911-1914 Trial By Ice. The Antarctic Journals of John King Davis ... Shackleton's Boat Journey. The Story of 'James Caird'. E ELIAS, Edith L. The Book Of Polar Exploration EVANS, Admiral Sir Edward South With Scott ... Adventerous Life F FIENNES, Ranulph Captain Scott FILCHNER, Wilhelm To The Sixth Continent. The Second German South Pole Expedition. ... Antarctica and the South Atlantic. G GERLACHE DE GOMERY, A. Voyage of the Beliga-Fifteen Months in the Antarctic GOODLAD, James A. Scotland and the Antarctic ... The Race to the White Continent H HALL, L Douglas Mawson HANSEEN, Helmer Voyages Of A Modern Viking ... Scott Of The Antarctic J JAMES, David

68. Glacier General introduction to the realm of antarctica by Rice University of Houston, Texas, and the NSF. http://www.glacier.rice.edu/

The Glacier web pages are temporarily offline. Please check back in a week or two.

69. An Historical Timeline Of Antarctic Exploration I created this Historical Timeline of Antarctic exploration for use as a handout for talks on Antarctic history. It was done somewhat hurriedly and I http://www.antarctic-circle.org/timeline.htm

AN HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION I created this Historical Timeline of Antarctic Exploration for use as a handout for talks on Antarctic history. It was done somewhat hurriedly and I haven't got around to correcting a few of the errors that I know exist. Please feel free to comment or point out mistakes. It was created in Pagemaker at a size of 38 by 25 inches. The largest at which I've printed it out is 17 by 11 inches, just readable. It has been converted into an Adobe Acrobat document which will come up in your browser window when you click here Robert B. Stephenson CONCISE CHRONOLOGY OF APPROACH TO THE POLES This chronolgy was prepared by Robert K. Healand , Archivist and Curator, Scott Polar Research Institute. It appears here courtesy of Mr Headland and SPRI. Note: Only the Antarctic portion is included here. The following Antarctic and Arctic lists give explorations, in chronological order, towards the South Pole and North Pole, their attainment (air and surface, and by sea in the Arctic), and the first crossings of the regions. There are several claims included which are unverified and extremely doubtful, although some of these pretensions have been well publicised. R. K. Headland

70. The Antarctic Circle Historical Timeline of Antarctic exploration. Last Updated 30 March 2004 Also, timelines for Ernest Shackleton, Robert F. Scott and Roald Amundsen. http://www.antarctic-circle.org/

The Antarctic Circle is a non-commercial forum and resource on historical, literary, bibliographical, artistic and cultural aspects of Antarctica and the South Polar regions. The breadth and quantity of its content expands periodically. The Antarctic Circle itselfas distinct from this websiteis an informal international group of scholars and knowledgeable amateurs interested or involved in non-scientific Antarctic studies. The Antarctic Circle has benefited from much useful information passed on for inclusion by many people over the years. Inclusion in The Antarctic Circle of appropriate material from persons active in the above areas is welcomed. For more information please contact the coordinator: Robert B. Stephenson , P.O. Box 435, Jaffrey, New Hampshire 03452, USA. Tel E-mail antarcticcircle@adelphia.net Accessed at least times since 18 October 2001. [Between 2 October 1996when the predecessor to this site premieredand 18 October 2001, there were 20895 visitors.] Accessed at least since 2 October 1996. [I am testing out this new counter to see how it goes.] Last updated: 12 September 2005.

71. Unit 2 Antarctic Exploration When did people first explore the Antarctic? Who were those early expeditioners and what sort of hazards did they face? • Why do people go to the Antarctic http://classroomantarctica.aad.gov.au/Unit2_menu.html

72. Quark Expeditions In keeping with this tradition, our Great Antarctic Explorers expedition will be In accounts of Antarctic exploration the exploits of lesser known http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/cgi-bin/news_view.pl?ID=53&MODE=VIEW

73. Web-and-Flow WebQuest Antarctica As a group you re going to explore the topic of antarctica. 1) How have past explorers helped to improve knowledge about antarctica? http://users.bigpond.net.au/turtle/antarctica/WebQuest Antarctica.htm

74. National Archives Of Australia - Fact Sheet 194 - Australian Antarctic Explorati exploration of the Australian Antarctic Territory. Australia’s involvement in Antarctic exploration dates from as early as 1907 with participation in the http://www.naa.gov.au/Publications/fact_sheets/fs194.html

Australian Antarctic exploration and research Exploration of the Australian Antarctic Territory Antarctic research Research by ANARE into areas such as Antarctic climate and weather and the depth of the ice shelf had been occurring since 1947. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957 provided a year of combined research effort on Antarctica, and the background to the Antarctic treaty of 1959, which was to maintain international cooperation and peaceful research on the continent. The treaty provided for complete freedom of scientific research in Antarctica, for conservation of wildlife and the prohibition of military activity, nuclear testing and disposal of radioactive waste. Antarctic cooperative research includes studies in biology, botany, seismology, meteorology, upper atmosphere physics, magnetology, cosmic radiation, oceanography and glaciology. Other areas of research include tide gauge operations, radio echo-sounding to determine ice thickness, and global climate and environment change. The Australian Antarctic Division Records relating to Antarctica Records relating to Antarctic exploration and research are principally held by the Archives in Canberra and Hobart. These include records of Antarctic agencies, such as the Australian Antarctic Division, or agencies that have continued to have a role in Antarctic policy issues or in operational support to the Division. Examples of some of the most significant records are listed below.

75. Antarctic Exploration - NY - March 21, 1899 ANTARCTIC exploration. First Explorers To Winter There Large Expeditions Last year a joint committee for the promotion of Antarctic exploration was http://ku-prism.org/polarscientist/1800sAntarctic/Mar211899NY.html

Polar Radar for Ice Sheet Measurements N.Y. Sun Home Polar Science Present Design K-12 Polar Lessons Concern Use K-12 Polar Resources PRISM Publications PRISM Team Only PRISM Feedback Form ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION. First Explorers To Winter There - Large Expeditions Now Preparing. No later tidings have come from the Belgica than those contained in a letter received at THE SUN office from Dr. Cook, dated at Ushuala, home of the the most southern settlements of Tierra del Fuego, on Dec. 27, 1897. He said that on the following day the party was to sail for Graham Land, and then, after proceeding south as far as possible, it would steam to the northeast to avoid the pack ice and finally make its way to Melbourne by way of the sub-Antarctic islands of Prince Eduard and Kerguelen. The Belgica did not arrive at Melbourne in April last, as Lieut. Gerlache had planned. She must have passed the winter of 1898 in the Antarctic ice, unless serious accident befell her. It is likely that she was caught in the ice and was unable to get out, and, at any rate, if she was still afloat she was the first vessel that ever wintered in the Antarctic regions. If the party has not been disabled it has been engaged during the past few months in its second summer's work. The winter season is now fast closing down upon the antarctic area, and it is hoped the party will soon reach some point of communication with the rest of the world.

76. USATODAY.com - Understanding And Researching Antarctic History The socalled Heroic Age of Antarctic exploration began at the end of the 19th century and continued until 1916. This was the era of the race to be the http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/coldscience/ahist0.htm

document.write(''); Home News Money Sports ... Weather Inside Cold Science Cold Science home Polar weather All about ice Science ... Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox document.write(''); Understanding and researching Antarctic history Early Greek geographers believed that a large continent existed at the "bottom" of the word to "balance" the land they knew about. The Greeks gave this imagined land the name " Anti-Arktikos ," which mans the opposite of the Arctic. Even by late in the 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of "Antarctica," geographers generally believed the continent was much larger than it really is. Between 1772 and 1775 the ships commanded by British explorer James Cook became the first to cross the Antarctic Circle, eventually reaching 71 degrees, 10 minutes south, where he was stopped by sea ice. Seal hunters in the 19th century were the first to actually reach the continent with the first recorded landed in 1822. The USATODAY.com story below has more on this. Antarctica was once warm First humans didn't arrive until 18th century The Heroic Age Jack Williams, USATODAY.com

77. Antarctic Exploration Click on Essential Reading for the featured set of Antarctic exploration books and a map. We offer free shipping on anything else you order with the travel http://www.longitudebooks.com/bin/find?d=143&pc=POLAR REGIONS&R=GA

78. Share The Journey - History EXPLORERS DESIGNING YOUR OWN ADVENTURER AND THEIR EXPEDITION A Middle Years Activity METHOD OF TRANSPORT to antarctica / around antarctica http://www.sofweb.vic.edu.au/claypoles/hist/explore.htm

EXPLORERS DESIGNING YOUR OWN ADVENTURER AND THEIR EXPEDITION A Middle Years Activity Congratulations! You have been selected from a long list of applicants to participate in a new, dangerous and daring Antarctic adventure! You will be journeying to the South Pole, using your own energy and strength to propel you and you will have to carry everything you need with you! But, don't worry. We won't be sending you to this cold, harsh and unforgiving environment without equipping you with the knowledge you will need to survive. ACTIVITY 1 - FINDING OUT HOW OTHERS DID IT! ADVENTURE HINT: the key to any successful expedition is the research and planning beforehand. The first thing is to find out what other adventurers have gone through so that you can learn from their triumphs and mistakes.) STEP 1 - RESEARCH a. Start by finding out as much as you can about this CLAYPOLES - SHARE THE JOURNEY expedition. Surf through this web site to find out:

79. Antarctica Explorers Arctic Explorers. General Resources. antarctica Explorers Irish Antarctic Explorers_A list of explorers who were Irish by birth and travelled to the http://www.archaeolink.com/antarctica_explorers.htm

Antarctica Explorers Home Arctic Explorers General Resources Antarctica Explorers General Resources Africa Explorers Behaim, Martin Cadamosto, Alvise da Dias, Bartolomeu Eannes, Gil ... Speke, John Hanning New World Explorers Albanel, Charles Balboa, Vasco Nunez de Brûlé, Étienne Cabot, John ... Vespucci, Amerigo World Explorers Cook, James Da Gama, Vasco Drake, Sir Francis General Resources ... Zheng He (Cheng Ho) Adrien de Gerlache _"De Gerlache proved that explorers could build bases for research." Learn about him here. - Illustrated - From Sian Grunewald - http://www.70south.com/resources/history/explorers/gerlache Antarctica _Scroll sideways to choose those periods of Antarctic exploration which interest you. Dates range from 1519 to 1990. - Illustrated - From OneWorld Magazine - http://www.oneworldmagazine.org/focus/southpole/histmain.htm Antarctic History _An interesting account of the who, what and wherefore of Antarctica's exploration. - Illustrated - From MastroMedia - http://www.mastromedia.com/antarctica/history/history.htm

80. Stages Of Antarctic Exploration Stages of Antarctic exploration. Contributed by Robert Headland (Scott Polar Research Institute). Several stages inthe progressive process of the http://www.70south.com/resources/history/historicstages

Stages of Antarctic Exploration Search Home News Messages ... Further Reading Advert Stages of Antarctic Exploration Contributed by Robert Headland ( Scott Polar Research Institute Several stages inthe progressive process of the exploration of, and other human activities in, far southern regions have been proposed from a variety of opinions. For many purposes these form a useful classification, although overlap occurs between most such divisions. Below are concise notes on some of the stages of exploration which may usefully be distinguished for Antarctic regions. The names applied indicated the predominant theme only which may obfuscate many other activities; the dates are generalisations - there are no 'watertight compartments' in the historical continuum. Several other authors have proposed schemes like this but which differ in emphasis and divisions. This one is thusto be considered as an essentially personal analysis and commentary. Terra Australis (until 1780~) The early period consisted mainly of explorations and voyages penetrating to far southern regions. A consequence of this is the progressive reduction of the hypothetical 'Terra Australis', with its separation from Australia. Charts of the Antarctic progressively showed less land as speculations were steadily disproved. Investigation of archives held in the Netherlands, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, several Latin-American countries and elsewhere may reveal more far southern voyages in these times. This period may be regarded as concluding with the voyages of James Cook and Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec.

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