41. Polychrotidae By far the largest genera within the Polychrotidae are Anolis and Norops with about relationships and tempo of early diversification in anolis lizards. http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/~uetz/families/Polychrotidae.html

Order Squamata Suborder Sauria (Lizards) Family Polychrotidae* or Subfamily Polychrinae** (Anoles) The genera listed below have been called Anolinae, Polychrotidae, or Polychrinae. Among them, Anolis is the most diverse reptile genus with close to 200 species (and another 150 or so in the closely related genus Norops that is sometimes included in Anolis ). Note that Frost et al. (2001) recently suggested to split off the family Leiosauridae with two subfamilies, Leiosaurinae and Enyaliinae (see genera below). Appearance : All anoles have subdigital lamellae which make them nimble climbers. Another characteristic feature of this genus is the often colorful dewlap that is used for intraspecific communication. Distribution : Central and South America, Caribbean, introduced to the United States. Habitat : The species of Polychrus are also arboreal and they even have a prehensile tail. Some polychrotids like Pristidactylus and Phenacosaurus are terrestrial lizards in South America. Enyalius is arboreal while Leiosaurus, Diplolaemus and Pristidactylus are primitevely terrestrial (with Chilean Pristidactylus ending towards arboreality) Size Food Behaviour : see Appearance Reproduction : egg-laying (oviparous) Taxonomic notes : See Traditional classification of iguanian lizards with the Polychrotidae representing a subfamily within the Iguanidae. By far the largest genera within the Polychrotidae are

42. A Biomechanical Analysis Of Intra- And Interspecific Scaling Of Jumping And Morp scaling of jumping and morphology in Caribbean anolis lizards jumping within (for three species) and across adults of 12 species of anolis lizards. http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/206/15/2641

QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Home Help Feedback Subscriptions ... Table of Contents This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Cited by other online articles PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Toro, E. Articles by Irschick, D. J. The Journal of Experimental Biology doi: 10.1242/jeb.00473 A biomechanical analysis of intra- and interspecific scaling of jumping and morphology in Caribbean Anolis lizards Esteban Toro Anthony Herrel Bieke Vanhooydonck and Duncan J. Irschick Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia University of Antwerp, Dept Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium Author for correspondence (e-mail: Accepted 25 April 2003 Scaling models predict how functional variables change as animals grow or increase in size evolutionarily. However, few experimental studies have found support for the predictions of these models.

43. Maneuvering In An Arboreal Habitat: The Effects Of Turning Angle On The Locomoti anolis lizards are a diverse group of arboreal species, and the discrete paths The tail of anolis lizards may facilitate the substantial rotation ( 60°) http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/204/23/4141

QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Home Help Feedback Subscriptions ... Table of Contents This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Cited by other online articles PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Higham, T. E. Articles by Jayne, B. C. The Journal of Experimental Biology The Company of Biologists Limited Maneuvering in an arboreal habitat: the effects of turning angle on the locomotion of three sympatric ecomorphs of Anolis lizards Timothy E. Higham Matthew S. Davenport and Bruce C. Jayne Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210006, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA *e-mail: Accepted September 24, 2001 Although the maximal speeds of straight-ahead running are well-documented for many species of Anolis and other lizards, no previous study has experimentally determined the effects of turning on the locomotor performance of a lizard.

44. Record - February 1, 2002 In brief, the program would analyze the evolution of anolis lizards, Ironically, that very day I d stumbled across some Anolis lizard eggs on the http://record.wustl.edu/2002/02-01-02/lizards.html

Herbert W. "Skip" Virgin, M.D., Ph.D., seeks causes for disease Search View past issues Trinkaus to be named Hemenway professor Full story More Stories Anolis lizards Evolution, development blended in unique study By Tony Fitzpatrick Sometimes things fall into place against all odds. That's the case with a group of researchers on the Hilltop and Medical campuses who've won a Packard Foundation grant of $1 million over five years to launch a unique study of evolution and development. Photo by David Kilper Gibson-Brown, a developmental biologist in the University's Evolutionary and Population Biology Program, was collecting amphioxus embryos for his work in trying to understand the development of that animal's fin, which, in lizards (critters that evolved from fish), is a limb. Losos asked Gibson-Brown if he would be interested in joining a team in a proposal to the Packard Foundation. In brief, the program would analyze the evolution of Anolis lizards, common in the Caribbean, in conjunction with the evolution of their development system. "Ironically, that very day I'd stumbled across some Anolis lizard eggs on the ground and out of curiosity had removed part of the egg shell to see what I could of the organism," Gibson-Brown said. "Jonathan and Kerry Kornfeld in the School of Medicine were pulling together a very impressive team to research an area that is a natural for me. I'm interested in how the basic genetics of all animals have been tinkered with over time to bring about the great diversity in the animal kingdom."

45. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent ie dewlap size, in three species of Jamaican anolis lizards. anolis lizards are characterized by the possession of an extensible throat fan, or dewlap. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00940.x

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46. Evolution - January 1998: Re: Anoles MO., studied Anolis sagrei lizards in the Bahamas. Anoles that following experimental island colonization in anolis lizards. Nature 3877073), http://www.asa3.org/archive/evolution/199801/0125.html

Re: Anoles Stephen Jones ( sejones@ibm.net Wed, 21 Jan 98 22:01:50 +0800 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Stephen Jones: "RE: Big crunch idea on universe exploded" Previous message: Steve Clark: "Re: 2nd Law of Thermodynamics" Maybe in reply to: Kevin Koenig: "Anoles" Kevin On Fri, 16 Jan 1998 14:24:57 -0600, Kevin Koenig wrote: Because of the shorter vegetation, they probably measured them with shorter sticks! [joke] ;-) I haven't yet read the original article in NATURE (Losos, J. B., K .I. Warheit and T. W. Schoener. 1997. Adaptive differentiation following experimental island colonization in Anolis lizards. Nature 387:70-73), but I have come across a mention of it in a recent American Scientist. There noted evolutionist Keith Stewart Thompson, while expressing his sympathy with the study, questions whether it is true evolution: "All of this makes one sympathetic with Nicholas Wade of The New York Times, who recently wrote an article entitled "Leapin' Evolution Is Found in Lizards." This was a report on an experiment

47. A Kalahari Barking Gecko, Ptenopus Garrulus, Normally Nocturnal Parasitemediated competition in anolis lizards. Oecologia 92 58-64. Schall, JJ and ER Pianka. 1980. Evolution of escape behavior diversity. Amer. Natur. http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/predation.html

A Kalahari barking gecko, Ptenopus garrulus , normally nocturnal, was active on an overcast day eating swarming winged alate termites. Local shrikes had a field day catching and crucifying these lizards, storing them as a cache for a later meal. It was like christmas in the Kalahari, with geckos festooning every thorny bush (this lizard was still alive!) (For an outline, click here Parasitism and Predator Escape Tactics Parasites can have rather profound effects on the ecology of their hosts. Effects of the malarial parasite Plasmodium mexicanus on members of a population of Sceloporus occidentalis lizards were examined in California by Schall (1982). About one-third to 40 percent of the male lizards were infected, whereas only 15 to 30 percent of the female lizards had malaria (percentage infected increases with age). Blood hemoglobin levels were lower in parasitized lizards than in unparasitized ones. When lizards were at rest, oxygen consumption rates did not differ between the two groups, but during maximal activity, infected animals had significantly lower metabolic rates. Moreover, both the capacity for aerobic metabolism and running stamina (as measured in an oval track) were reduced in infected lizards as compared to controls. Parasitized lizards also tended to have smaller fat reserves and smaller clutch sizes than noninfected ones. Effects of infection by malarial parasites might be subtle and hosts might appear healthy, but these parasites seem to reduce host fitness substantially.

48. Reasons To Believe: Facts For Faith Issue 4, 2000 These examples of “repeatable” evolution include anolis lizards, ranid frogs, Two examples of Anolis lizard ecomorphs found on the Greater Antilles are http://www.reasons.org/resources/fff/2000issue04/index.shtml

Facts for Faith Issue 4, 2000 Articles Repeatable Evolution or Repeated Creation Bob Stewart: Soldier, Astronaut, and Compelling Apologist God’s Plan for Humanity—Paradise Restored or Paradise Replaced? Convergence: Evidence for a Single Creator ... Finding Darwin’s God Repeatable Evolution or Repeated Creation? By Fazale Rana Any casual observer of nature recognizes that many creatures bear some resemblance to one another. Many species of frogs, lizards, fish, and other animals and plants from different parts of the world appear to be nearly identical. This similarity has been the pattern throughout life’s history. Recent biological studies have shed light on the nature of this physical resemblance and carry significant apologetic implications. Many species that look identical are, in fact, genetically different, and therefore unrelated. In accounting for these unexpected differences, evolutionary biologists have proffered inadequate explanations. This article will discuss a few of the many recent discoveries that continue to buttress the case for a biblical creator while continuing to erode the foundation for the evolutionary paradigm. According to evolutionary theory, organisms that possess identical morphologies (forms or structures)

49. Fishpond.co.nz Science, Nature, Reptiles Amphibians, anolis lizards of the Caribbean Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics, Roughgarden, Jonathan, Roughgarden, Joan. http://www.fishpond.co.nz/Books/Science/Nature/Reptiles_Amphibians/product_info.

50. University Of Tennessee, Ecology And Evolutionary Biology Sexual Dimorphism in anolis lizards. The processes which generate adaptive diversity Anolis lineatopus, a high sizedimorphism species. Female(l). http://eeb.bio.utk.edu/butler.asp

University Links University Links About the University Academic Programs Administration Libraries Research Support UT The University System Enter search terms A-Z Index WebMail Dept. Directory Select type of search Select type of search People Search Campus Search System Search HOME EDUCATION Graduate program Undergraduate program EEB COURSES Courses RESEARCH Research groups Research highlights PEOPLE Faculty Adjunct Faculty Post-docs Graduate students ... Department directory WHAT'S NEW EBE Seminar Job opportunities COMMUNITY OUTREACH LINKS UTK Libraries UTK Division of Biology Oak Ridge National Laboratory Undergraduate Research at UTK ... University of Tennessee Herbarium Marguerite Butler Ph.D., 1998 Washington University in Saint Louis Major research areas: evolutionary ecology of lizards and damselflies, sexual dimorphism, adaptive radiation

51. SEB - The Society For Experimental Biology - Plant, Animal, Cell, Education And anolis lizards show their fighting fitness through a colour signal on their anolis lizards may prove to be a useful model system for studying stress, http://www.sebiology.org/pageview.asp?S=6&id=308

52. Predator And Prey Interactions, Sinervo©1997 Recall that the motion detectors of anolis lizards rapidly become habituated In contrast, anolis lizards are extremely sensitive to the squarewave like http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/animal_behavior/PREDATOR.HTM

Back to the Syllabus 12.Predator and Prey Interactions Index Vision and Motion Detectors Predator Motion Detectors Sensory Exploitation of a Prey's Motion Habituation Mechanisms Sonar ... The Evolution of Aposematic and Mullerian Mimicry Vision and Motion Detectors Predator Motion Detectors Many prey have evolved to be cryptic and so the challenge for many predators is locating unmoving and concealed prey. Development of a search image greatly aids in locating cryptic prey during a birds active foraging flight. Other organisms that forage actively use olfactory cues to locate concealed prey. However, the challenge for many predators is not so difficult. Many predators are sit-and-wait rather than actively foraging Sit-and-wait predators remain motionless for long periods of time. When a prey item moves in their receptive field, the predator lunges with great speed (relative to the prey) and snaps it up. We will consider the visual system of a classic sit-and-wait predator, the toad. The key to the toads motion-based prey detector is the receptive field , the fundamental unit of its perception machinery. Each of the thousands of receptive fields in the toad eye consist of the following components:

53. S. L. Perkins -Malaria The goal was to uncover the colonization history of the lizard malaria parasites that infect the anolis lizards of the Lesser Antilles. Anolis sabanus. http://research.amnh.org/users/perkins/malaria.html

Susan L. Perkins RESEARCH My research centers on the evolution and biogeography of parasites and exploits the powerful techniques of molecular genetics to pursue issues that were formerly difficult or impossible to resolve in these taxa. Some of my work has also involved the study of the coevolution of parasites and their hosts. Parasite-host systems are particularly intriguing because two or more species coevolve in an antagonisitic fashion, the parasite being completely dependent on its host(s), and the host(s) selected to eliminate the relationship. I have used the malaria parasites ( Plasmodium and related genera), as my model system. These parasites are very diverse (fully 170 species of Plasmodium have been described), world-wide in distribution in many tropical, subtropical, and temperate habitats, infect a great range of vertebrate hosts (birds, mammals, and reptiles), and exhibit a substantial diversity of life history traits. This great diversity of parasite-host systems allows cross-species comparisons and phylogenetic analysis to approach important problems in biology. Molecular techniques have recently been developed for use with human malarial parasites; I have adapted these laboratory methods to study the great range of parasites in Plasmodium , related genera, and more distantly related apicomplexan parasites.

54. Biological Sciences / Teaching Colour pattern evolution in Caribbean anolis lizards (computer based). Overview anolis lizards are a dominant part of the West Indian island fauna. http://biology.bangor.ac.uk/teaching/projects/details/malhotra

University of Wales - Bangor School of Biological Sciences The School Admissions ... Admin Teaching Introduction Dates Due Soon Email Lists Degrees Modules Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 ... Handbook Undergraduate Projects Choosing a Project Project List Project Handbook Resources Text Book Extras Presentations 1. Evolution of venoms Could be on one group of venomous animals (eg snakes, coneshells, arachnids, frogs) or comparative (eg., action on the nervous system by neurtoxins from different sources), organism based (eg evolution and historical biogeography of the poison arrow frogs Dendrobatidae) or toxin based (eg Phospholipase A2 toxins, 3-fingered toxins in snake venoms, conotoxins). Key references: Summers, K., and Clough, M.E. (2001). The evolution of colouration and toxicity in the poison frog family (Dendrobatidae). PNAS 98: 6227-6232. http://grimwade.biochem.unimelb.edu.au/cone/index1.html (coneshells and conotxins page) Olivera, B.M. (2002) CONUS VENOM PEPTIDES: Reflections from the Biology of Clades and Species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 25-47 Duda Jr TF, Palumbi SR. (2004) Gene expression and feeding ecology: evolution of piscivory in the venomous gastropod genus

55. ISEM Research: Anolis Lizard In Dominican Amber Only two specimens of anolis lizards preserved in Dominican amber have been scientifically studied and described. Both descriptions are based on relatively http://www.smu.edu/isem/3D/3Dindex.html

Institute for the Study of Earth and Man Explore our Site ISEM home page Frozen in Amber home Chaves-Hummingbird 2001 CT scanning 3D gallery TurtleQuest 2001 Sacred Space Exhibit Details in Amber Fossils preserved in amber provide scientists an exciting chance to see ancient life preserved in incredible detail. For some features, like skin texture, the amber preservation allows scientists to see even very small details. Click for a larger view. Unlocking secrets in 3-dimensions While the amber preserves small details, it also locks some of the bones away from view. Using 3-D images created from CT scans, ISEM researchers can view the bones and can rotate their images inside a computer, looking for important features of the skeleton. Click to see 3-D images. Grab your 3-D specs! The ISEM's 3-D gallery can be viewed with any 3-D glasses.

56. Bieke Vanhooydonck generation during locomotion in anolis lizards an ecomorphological approach. of jumping biomechanics and morphology in Caribbean anolis lizards. http://webhost.ua.ac.be/funmorph/bieke/bieke.html

Book chapters Vanhooydonck, B. and D. Irschick (2002) Is evolution predictable ? Evolutionary relationships of divergence in ecology, performance and morphology in Old and New World lizard radiations. In : Topics in functional and ecological vertebrate morphology (P. Aerts, K. Daout, A. Herrel and R. Van Damme, eds.), Shaker publisher, Maastricht. Pp: 191-204. full text (PDF) 2) Van Damme, R., B. Vanhooydonck , P. Aerts and F. De Vree (2002) Evolution of lizard locomotion: context and constraint. In : Biomechanics and Evolution (V.L. Bels, J-P Gasc and A. Casinos, eds.), BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford. Pp: 267-282. full text (PDF) Vanhooydonck, B. , P. Aerts, D.J. Irschick and A. Herrel (2005) Power generation during locomotion in Anolis lizards: an ecomorphological approach. In : Ecology and Biomechanics: A mechanical approach to the ecology of animals and plants (A. Herrel, T. Speck and N. Rowe, Eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton. in press Vanhooydonck, B. , A. Herrel and R. Van Damme (2006) Interactions between habitat use, behaviour and the trophic niche of lacertid lizards. In : Evolutionary Consequences of Foraging Mode in Lizards (S.M. Reilly, L.D. McBrayer and D.B. Miles, Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

57. Anthony's Homepage the evolution of head shape and feeding ecology in Caribbean anolis lizards. shape in these four independent Caribbean radiations of anolis lizards. http://webhost.ua.ac.be/funmorph/anthony/

Anthony Herrel I'm a postdoctoral fellow of the fund for scientific research Flanders-Belgium (FWO-Vl) working in the Laboratory for Functional Morphology and Ecomorphology at the University of Antwerp ( UIA ). In our lab we have the facilities to perform cineradiography, high-speed video recordings (500-1000fps), accelerometry, electromyography and force plate recordings. Main research topics at the lab are functional morphology, biomechanics and ecomorphology. Study systems include the feeding and locomotor systems in vertebrates (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and birds). My main research interest concerns the evolution of complex integrated systems. By combining a wide variety of approaches and techniques (eg. electromyography, high-speed video and cineradiographic recordings, nerve transection experiments, muscle physiology, biomechanical modelling, ...) in an explicit historical context, I try to gain insights into the evolution of such systems. As model systems, I have chosen the feeding and locomotor system in vertebrates. Key topics in my research are the identification of constraints and trade offs that shaped the feeding and locomotor system through functional analyses. In addition to these 'hard core' experimental approaches, I try to investigate performance parameters such as bite force and sprint speed in an ecological and evolutionary context. A recent and ongoing project in collaboration with Duncan Irschick ( the Irschick lab page ) involves the evolution of head shape and feeding ecology in Caribbean

58. Major Research Areas Evolutionary Ecology Of Lizards And Sexual Dimorphism in anolis lizards. The processes which generate adaptive diversity between species and those which cause sexual divergence have almost http://web.utk.edu/~mhiga/

Marguerite Butler Ph.D., 1998 Washington University in Saint Louis Comparative Anatomy Major research areas: evolutionary ecology of lizards and damselflies, sexual dimorphism, adaptive radiation Major research interests: My research questions are centered on two themes: 1) adaptive evolution, or how environmental variation produces diversity among species, and 2) sexual variation, particularly the evolutionary and ecological factors involved when sexes show different patterns of adaptation. I usually work at the interspecific level, comparing differences among species in order to infer evolutionary processes. My work takes place in both the field and the lab, and may include a variety of approaches including: morphology, behavior, physiology, molecular genetics, and ecology within a phylogenetic comparative framework. I am also active in theoretical and methodological aspects of phylogenetic methods, especially in developing statistical foundations for phylogenetic tests. I am deeply interested in adaptive radiations, and have two study systems: the Anolis lizards of the Caribbean, and more recently, the Megalagrion damselflies of Hawaii. Both are closely related but ecologically diverse groups which are ideal for phylogenetic comparative studies of adaptation. In my most recent project, I am studying the physical effects of pregnancy (gravidity) using the green iguana (Iguana iguana) as a model, with plans to expand taxonomically in the future. Students wishing to work in my lab are free to work on research questions closely allied to mine or not. In either case, students are expected to take the lead in developing projects independently, consulting with me as needed.

59. Dialexpe Anolis lizard on large, complex food web of arthropods and associated We excluded anolis lizards for 6 mo from 2030 m high tree crowns in Puerto Rican http://luq.lternet.edu/publications/lterpub/dialexpe.htm

Experimental Removal of Insectivores from Rain Forest Canopy: direct and indirect effects ROMAN DIAL AND JONATHAN ROUGHGARDEN Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA ABSTRACT: This study considered the effects of insectivorous. Anolis Key words: Anolis lizards; arthropods; body size; food web; herbivory; insects; indirect effects; predation; Puerto Rico; removal experiment; spiders; tropical rain forest canopy.

60. Ocean Currents Slow Adaptation Of Tree-dwelling Lizards, UCLA Study Finds; Resea In the case of anolis lizards, all species share a single ancestor from South Calsbeek and Smith captured approximately 50 anolis lizards from each of http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/12/031204074430.htm

@import "/styles/navbar.css"; @import "/styles/tabStyles.css"; Set home page Bookmark site Add search Latest News ... Email to friend Text Size A A A Front Page ... Advertise With Us Source University Of California - Los Angeles Date Print this page Email to friend Ocean Currents Slow Adaptation Of Tree-dwelling Lizards, UCLA Study Finds; Research Sheds New Light On Island Evolution Evolution of genetically distinct species that live exclusively on land can be slowed by over-water dispersal following tropical storms, according to a UCLA study that suggests classic theories of island evolution need an overhaul. Related News Stories Biologists Find Unexpected Rapid Evolution In Caribbean Lizards (July 16, 2003) full story (December 15, 2000) Lizard species on large Caribbean islands are more numerous than those on smaller islands because there is more evolution going on. The bigger the island, the faster species proliferate and ... full story Study Suggests Humans Can Speed Evolution (August 5, 2004) full story Caribbean Lizards Evolve Independently (April 1, 1998) Lizards may not get the limelight in beer commercials, but thanks to biologists at Washington University in St. Louis, the slighted creatures now have Marquee value in evolution and ...

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