101. Zaire IRIN Briefing Part V Shaba, 3/19/97 UNITED NATIONS Department of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated regional Information For a more detailed history refer to Zaire IRIN Briefing Part III, http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/irin_31997.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Zaire: IRIN Briefing Part V: Shaba, 3/19/97 U N I T E D N A T I O N S Department of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Network Tel: +254 2 622147 Fax: +254 2 622129 e-mail: irin@dha.unon.org Zaire: IRIN Briefing Part V: Shaba 19 Mar 1997 A. History Shaba, which covers some 500,000 square kilometres, is home to 10% (4,125,000) of Zaire's population, some 586,000 of whom live in its capital Lubumbashi (1). Isolated from Kinshasa by a distance of 1,500 km, the Shaba people have long harboured a resentment against the national government for what it sees as the continued exploitation of their lucrative mining receipts by Union Miniere de Haut Katanga (UMHK),later nationalized under the name Gecamines, by Kinshasa officals and foreign companies and governments. As a result, Shaba has had a strong independence movement and a history of revolt. Shaba's first seccessionist movement occurred in 1960 with Moise Tshombe's Belguim-supported declaration of independance for the Shaba region, which was then known as Katanga. Tshombe, whom neighbouring Kasaians hold responsible for the 1961 death of Zaire's first prime minister, Kasaian Patrice Lumumba, was named by Mobutu as interim prime minister of the National Unity Government convened in 1961. Despite the inclusion of its leader into Kinshasa's political leadership, the Shaba rebellion was not quelled until 1963, and only then through the intervention of UN troops.

102. International Spotlight: Angola Cabinda was administratively linked to angola from 1956, but it remainedgeographically, Although Cabindans feel a strong sense of regional identity, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-adv/specialsales/spotlight/angola/article11.htm

placeChannelNav('intl_spotlight'); Articles Angola: Country Information Swimming in Oil End to Conflict Sunflower State ... Participating Advertiser Contact Information The enclave's relationship with foreign powers in the 19th century informs much of the current dialogue with central authority in Luanda Cabinda gets its name from Mafu-Ka Binda, a prosperous trader who represented the interests of the Kongo Kingdom many centuries ago in the area north of the mouth of the River Congo. According to local legend, Cabinda gained some autonomy from the kingdom during a turbulent period in the history of the royal family. A powerful Bakongo queen, Muam Poenha, angered the king and was therefore expelled from the court at M'Banza Kongo. She fled with her triplets to the kingdom's Ngoio principality, and married a local nobleman. When he had calmed down, the Kongo king divided up part of his territory between the triplets, and one of these areas, Ngoio, later became Cabinda. In the 15th century, the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cao arrived in Ngoio (Cabinda). The Portuguese king, Joao II, ordered him to mark Portugal's presence by erecting a large stone monument on the territory. Diogo Cao exchanged gifts with the Kongo King, and the trust that grew between the two men allowed for the development of a strong trading relationship, the principal commodity being slaves. Cabinda became one of the most important trading stations on the West African coast with slaves being brought from the interior, loaded onto Portuguese vessels and carried across the Atlantic to Europe, Brazil and Sao Tome. European documents surviving from the 16th and 17th centuries refer to a thriving port near the mouth of the River Congo, named variously as Cabinde, Cabenda, Kapinda or Kabinda.

103. GlobalEDGE (TM) | International Business Resource Desk - Regional/Country Specif regional/Country Specific Information (Africa) Country Specific AngolaBusiness Access A resource offering business information and investment http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/busresmain.asp?ResourceCategoryID=5

104. History - Sustainable Democracy - SARDC Sustainable Democracy, history of the Sustainable Democracy Programme. history Democracy Resource Centre Periodicals and Abstracts http://www.sardc.net/sd/sd_history.htm

History of the Sustainable Democracy Programme Democracy Resource Centre Periodicals and Abstracts Elections Diary SD Contacts ... SD Home SD worked with parliamentarians from the region in 1995, hosted by the Zimbabwe Parliament to develop a strategy for strengthening research capacity and Information Networking. In 1996, SD organized for the Electoral Institute of South Africa (EISA) the formative workshop of Electoral Commissioners from all SADC countries to establish a regional forum, in 1997 attended the formative roundtable for an NGO regional network, and continues to work with EISA to strengthen regional networks through information access. SD worked with media editors in eight countries in 1997/98, concretizing the debate around ethics and specialized areas of development reporting. The programme is now strengthening its regional bibliographic and contacts database, developing a series of publications; and preparing to assist media coverage for five national elections in the SADC region scheduled for 1999. Contact: Kondwani Chirambo , Managing Editor, Head of Programme or Walter Otis Tapfumaneyi , Senior Documentalist, Deputy HoP

105. BUBL LINK: Angola angola Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2003 The report includesregional overviews, detailed reviews of certain countries, and a special http://bubl.ac.uk/link/a/angola.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Angola Titles Descriptions Angola Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2003 Angola: The Republic of Angola CIA World Factbook 2003: Angola Ethnologue Language Database: Angola ... World Travel Guide: Angola Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Angola Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2003 Detailed assessment of human rights practices in Angola. Topics assessed include torture, arbitrary detention or exile, fair public trial, freedom of speech and press, freedom of assembly, movement and religion; democratic rights, worker rights, and discrimination based on race, sex, religion, disability, language, or social status. Author: US Department of State Subjects: angola DeweyClass: Resource type: document Angola: The Republic of Angola Official information from the US Embassy of the Republic of Angola. Includes government information, business and economics news, and details of UN missions in Angola. Author: Emabassy of Angola, Washington DC. Subjects: angola DeweyClass: Resource type: government CIA World Factbook 2003: Angola Basic reference information about Angola, including details of geography, people, economy, government, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues. Geographical information includes area, population, flag, maps, high and low points, co-ordinates, boundary length, border countries, climate, land use and natural resources.

106. Africa, Bibliography The people s cause a history of guerrillas in Africa. London, GB Longman, (LongmanStudies in African history), 1981. xi+210 p., ill., maps, plans, http://users.skynet.be/terrorism/html/africa.htm

AFRICA , GENERAL WORKS [Home] BOOKS, (DOCUMENTS, REPORTS, ETC.) ANSARI, S. Liberation struggle in Southern Africa: a bibliography of source material. (Foreword by Basil Davidson). Gurgaon, India: Indian Documentation Service, [1972]. 118 p., 22 cm. National Liberation MovementsSouthern AfricaBibliography - GuerrillasSouthern AfricaBibliography - Southern AfricaHistoryBibliography. LC 73175495. Porto, Portugal: Liga Dos Amigos do Museu Militar do Porto; Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique, 2000. 208 p., maps, bibliography p. 187-191, 23 cm. PortugalColoniesAfricaMilitary History - Portuguese-Speaking AfricaMilitary History - PortugalArmed ForcesPortuguese-Speaking AfricaHistory20th Century - AngolaHistoryRevolution, 1961-1975Campaigns - MozambiqueHistoryRevolution, 1964-1975Campaigns - Guinea-BissauHistoryRevolution, 1963-1974Campaigns. LC 2001352274. BUIJTENHUIJS, Robert. The revolutionary potential of African peasantries: some tentative remarks. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, (Working Papers; 14)

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