81. Travel To Andorra - Andorra - Europe - History - WorldTravelGate.net®- In 1981 an organization called the government Of andorra was created. It is the executive branch of government, and consists of the Head Of government http://www.eurotravelling.net/andorra/andorra/andorra_history.htm

ADVERTISING INFORMATION Andorra History A Concise History Of Andorra The history of Andorra is not very well-documented. In fact, it is rather sparse. No major historical works mention Andorra (with one exception), and all of the following is the result of painstaking research of translated sources. Pre-Charlemange Charlema gn e ... The Modern Era Pre-Charlemange Andorra was part of the Roman Empire in it's heyday (the Roman Empire, not Andorra), although not mentioned in any of the secondary sources which I consulted. When Rome fell, Andorra became a gateway for the northern barbarian tribes to pass from the Roman provinces of Gaul into the provinces of Iberia. Several of the tribes left traces of their passing through (discarded McDonalds wrappers, etc.), including the Alans, the Visigoths, and the Vandals. Charlemange By the time the Moors appeared in Andorra (having come north through Spain via North Africa), the populace of Andorra was predominantly Christian, with a few pagan hold-outs in the more remote parts. The six parishes of Andorra are first mentioned in records of the Church in the Acts of Consecration of the Cathedral of Seu d'Urgell in 839. The inhabitants of Andorra were very hostile to the Moors, and welcomed the liberation of their country by Charlemange. Local legend has that Charlemange quartered in the village of El Puy d'Olivesa during his campaign against the Moors.

82. Background Notes Archive - Europe government Until very recently, andorra s political system had no clear division of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches. http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/eur/andorra9512.html

Return to Europe Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

83. 1995 Human Rights Report: ANDORRA Title andorra Human Rights Practices, 1995 Author US Department of State Date March The government fully respected the human rights of its citizens, http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/1995_hrp_report/95hrp_report_eur/Andorra

The State Department web site below is a permanent electronic archive of information released prior to January 20, 2001. Please see www.state.gov for material released since President George W. Bush took office on that date. This site is not updated so external links may no longer function. Contact us with any questions about finding information. NOTE: External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views contained therein. [end of document] Return to 1995 Human Rights Practices report home page. Return to DOSFAN home page. This is an official U.S. Government source for information on the WWW. Inclusion of non-U.S. Government links does not imply endorsement of contents.

84. Andorra - Atlapedia Online CAPITAL andorra La Vella SYSTEM OF government Coprincipality between France and Spain AREA 465 Sq Km (180 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION 65100 http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/andorra.htm

OFFICIAL NAME: Principality of Andorra CAPITAL: Andorra La Vella SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Co-principality between France and Spain AREA: 465 Sq Km (180 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION Andorra is a landlocked country bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. It is one of the smallest countries in Europe and is located on the southern slopes of the Pyrenees Mountains. The country's terrain is rugged with little level ground and mostly consists of gorges, narrow valleys and defiles which are surrounded by mountain peaks. The country is well drained by a single basin and mountain pastures account for 44% of the land area, while forests consisting of pine, fir, oak, birch and box trees cover 41% of the land area. Major Cities (pop. est.); Andorra la Vella 22,000, Les Escaldes 13,000, Encamp 10,000 (1993). Land Use; forested 22%, pastures 56%, agricultural-cultivated 2%, other 20% (1993). CLIMATE: Andorra has an alpine climate with severe cold winters resulting in the northern valleys being snowbound for a minimum of six months per year. Depending on altitude, the summers are mild or warm and dry with low humidity. Average annual precipitation is 808 mm (32 inches) while average temperatures ranges are from -1 to 6 degrees Celsius (30 to 43 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 12 to 26 degrees Celsius (54 to 79 degrees Fahrenheit) in July. PEOPLE: Native Andorrans are a minority accounting for only 27% of the population, while the largest ethnic majority are the Spanish who account for around 50% of the population. The French also account for 8% of the population, the Portuguese for 7% and the British for 5%.

85. ANDORRA.COM: GeNeral INformation Advertise at andorra.com The Consell General elects a Head of government, who appoints the Ministers, to manage the home and international affairs. http://www.andorra.com/uk/infogen/govern.asp

Contact at Andorra.com General inforrmation Geographical data Weather ... Useful data The Andorran people approved the Andorran Constitution on March 14 th The Head of the State are the Bishop of Urgell (Spain) and the President of French Republic Legislative power The " Consell General " (Parliament), 28 members elected by universal suffrage for 4 years. It is a mixed and joint representation of the national population and its 7 administrative division. Executive power The "Consell General" elects a Head of Government , who appoints the Ministers , to manage the home and international affairs. Local power The " Comuns " (Local Council) are the administrative organs, composed for 10 members democratically elected for 4 years. andorra.com

86. Governments Of The World A - F all governments of the world, government, attorneys, lawyers, lawyer, law firms, firm, andorra government CIA ILLR Lib. of Congress government Yahoo http://www.hg.org/1table.html

Legal Directories Home Law Firms Expert Witnesses Court Reporters ... Contact Us LEGAL DIRECTORIES Law Firms Expert Witnesses Process Servers Court Reporters ... Selected Law Firms LAW PRACTICE 70 Areas of Practice Practice of Law Law Libraries Legal News Center ... Law Events Calendar Add your Event EMPLOYMENT CENTER Recruiters Employment Ads Career Center STUDENTS CENTER Pre-Law Law Schools Graduate Schools Law Bar ... Other Resources BUSINESS CENTER Starting a Business Ecommerce Legal Structures Financing ... Employment UNITED STATES LAW Federal Government States Law INTERNATIONAL LAW 230 Countries United Nations European Union Other Organizations ASSOCIATIONS Bar Associations Legal Associations Law Firms Attorneys ... Insurance HG .org You are here Home Law and Government Resources - A to D Sunday September 18, 2005 Law and Government Resources Countries A - D Select a Country: A B C D ... Z A Afghanistan Government CIA ILLR ... Yahoo B Bahamas Government CIA ILLR ... Yahoo Burma Government Yahoo Burundi CIA ... Yahoo C Cambodia Government CIA ILLR ... ILLR Cocos (Keeling)Islands CIA ILLR Colombia Government ... Lib. of Congress

87. STA Travel And ISIC Travelmax - Destinations: Andorra Read all about andorra. Overview Introduction government Environment Society Executive Council President, Marc Forné Molné (head of government) http://travelmax.statravel.co.uk/sisp/?fx=destination&loc_id=149596§ion=gove

88. Andorra Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Guide Provided By World Travel Guide andorra - Overview, Visa and Passport requirements, vacation advice, holiday guide, international travel, travel agent, business trip, http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/and/and580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Europe/Andorra/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Andorra hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Andorra Andorra History and Government History: Andorra is one of the oldest nations in Europe, originally established by Charlemagne as a buffer state against the Iberian muslims. As a result of the Paretages of 1278 and 1288, control of the country was split between the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and a nominee appointed by the King of France (initially the Count de Foix) and subsequently by the French emperors and presidents. The country was therefore a co-principality, with two heads of state jointly sharing power – the readiness of both sides to compromise allowed this unique arrangement to last intact until the late 20th century. Although the inhabitants of Andorra were not consulted, they were prepared to accept a deal that guaranteed their security and national integrity. With the exception of a brief period during the Napoleonic Wars, Andorra retained its independence ever since. The first semblance of internal government appeared in the early 15th century, with the establishment of the

89. Andorra Law & Government 1. A research tool for Lawyers or Business or Corporate use. http://www.lawresearch.com/v2/global/zad.htm

LAW RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LAW UNITED STATES LAW LAW SEARCH ENGINE MAINSTREET ... Restrictions Apply

90. Andorra Law & Government - LawResearch 1. A research tool for Lawyers or Business or Corporate use. http://www.lawresearch.com/v10/global/zad.htm

LAW RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LAW UNITED STATES LAW LAW SEARCH ENGINE State ... Legislative imigration imigration Andorra General Council (Parliament) Andorra General Council (Parliament) ... Restrictions Apply

91. The Government Of Andorra Develops Its Critical Applications With LANSA The government of andorra develops its critical applications with LANSA. Paris December 9, 2004 — Since 1992, the government of andorra has confidently used http://www.lansa.com/press/20456.htm

PARTNERS ONLY TECH RESOURCES LANSA GEAR CONTACT ADVANCED SEARCH Select Language English Français Deutsch Japanese Español PRODUCTS SOLUTIONS SERVICES PARTNERS ... LANSA NEWS Latest Press Releases Press Release Archive LANSA in the Press Press Contact LANSA About LANSA Events Careers Our Partners The Government of Andorra develops its critical applications with LANSA Paris December 9, 2004 — Since 1992, the Government of Andorra has confidently used LANSA development tools and solutions for all its critical applications, including finance, customs, economy, education and industry. Recently LANSA for the Web was used to develop an Extranet for motor vehicle fleet management. The Department of IT of the Government of Andorra (DIGA) is responsible for providing and planning data processing projects for all government services, not only government ministries but also town hall and other public organizations. It develops IT projects to meet the needs of the government in all its phases. A team of 34 people manages 20 IBM iSeries and 50 Windows 2000 servers and services 1000 PC users. Since 1992, DIGA has based its development strategy around LANSA tools, starting with LANSA for iSeries (then called LANSA AD). This initial choice was based on both the strength of LANSA's Repository-based development environment and its multiple platform deployment capabilities. Since then, the choice of LANSA as the development tool has never been in doubt, and often confirmed by regular evaluations of other tools on the market.

92. MapQuest: World Atlas: Main Principality of andorra. Capital andorra la Vella. Total Area 180.70 sq mi government Type parliamentary democracy (since March 1993). Currency http://www.mapquest.com/atlas/?region=andorra

93. Profile On Andorra Provided By UCLA CEES Information on andorra s government, education, culture, historical archives, and media resources; WESS Web Western European Specialists Section hosted by http://www.international.ucla.edu/euro/countries/article.asp?parentid=22998

94. Consulate General In Barcelona - U.S./Andorra Relations: Background government. Until recently, andorra’s political system had no clear division of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches. http://barcelona.usconsulate.gov/emba/background.html

Home U.S. Citizen Services Visas to the U.S. State Department You Are In: Home Consulate General in Barcelona Català Castellano Consulate General in Barcelona Introduction History Consular Section Public Affairs ... Holiday Schedule U.S.-Andorra Bilateral Relations About the U.S. Privacy Notice BACKGROUND NOTES ANDORRA July 2001 PROFILE Official Name: Principality of Andorra Geography Area: 468 sq. km. (180 sq. mi.); about half the size of New York City. Cities: Capital – Andorra la Vella. Terrain: Mountainous. Climate: Temperate, cool, dry. People Nationality: Noun and adjective – Andorran(s). Population: 66,000. (as of 1999) Annual growth rate: 0.14% Ethnic groups: Catalan, Spanish, French, Portuguese. Religion: Roman Catholic. Languages: Catalan (official), Spanish, French. Education: Years compulsory-to age 16. Attendance-100%, Literacy-100%. Health:Infant mortality rate-8/1,000. Life expentancy-76 yrs. male, 81 yrs. female. Government Type: Parliamentary democracy that retains as its heads of state two co-princes. Constitution: Ratified in March 1993.

95. Expedia.co.uk Travel World Guide - Andorra History And Government Book a flight, hotel, car or holiday to andorra or any other favourite travel destination. http://www.expedia.co.uk/daily/wg/P39594.asp

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96. Andorra -- Primary Documents History of andorra Primary Documents. government Information and Discourses andorran government Documents (1993 present; transcriptions) http://library.byu.edu/~rdh/eurodocs/andorra.html

History of Andorra: Primary Documents Government Information and Discourses Andorran Government Documents (1993 - present; transcriptions) Guide to Law Online: Andorra Library of Congress guide to constitutional, legal and government documents. (Translations and transcriptions) Era Constitucion d'Andòrra (14 March, 1999; constitutional summary in Catalan - Aranese) The Constitution of Andorra (14 March, 1999; constitutional summary in English translation) Andorra Principat Photo images, guides, and Catalan-language descriptions of Andorra with its history, economy, and cultural features. Historical Text Archive: Andorra Includes primary and secondary documents, provided by Don Mabry. (Transcriptions, facsimiles and commentaries, mostly in English) International Civic [Coats of] Arms: Andorra (Facsimiles). Return to " EuroDocs " Home Page EuroDocs has been visited times since February 1996. EuroDocs Weaver: Richard Hacken, European Studies Bibliographer, Harold B. Lee Library , Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA. Comments, corrections and suggestions are welcome: Hacken @ byu.edu

97. Student Travel Information & Discounts - Destinations: Andorra Executive Council President, Marc Forné Molné (head of government) Read all about andorra. Overview Introduction government Environment Society http://www.istc.org/sisp/?fx=destination&loc_id=149596§ion=government

98. Concluding Observations/Comments - Andorra The Committee expresses its appreciation to the government of andorra for submitting its initial report after its accession to the Convention in 1997. http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cedaw/andorra2001.html

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding Observations: Andorra (2001). Andorra Initial reports 23. The Committee considered the initial report of Andorra (CEDAW/C/AND/1) at its 516th, 517th and 523rd meetings, on 10 and 13 July 2001 (see CEDAW/C/SR.516, 517 and 523). (a) Introduction by the State party 24. In introducing the report, the representative of Andorra informed the Committee that Andorra had signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on 9 July 2001. He reaffirmed his country's commitment to the Convention, to which it had acceded in 1997. 25. The representative pointed out that the transformation of women's status in Andorra over the past 50 years had constituted a peaceful revolution. Previously, women had held only decision-making power in the family and had been traditionally excluded from political life. Andorra had accepted a number of international treaties and was committed to the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome document of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly on the five-year follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women, which constituted the framework for the empowerment of women and the integration of a gender dimension in the administration of the Principality.

99. Speech By Marc FORNÉ MOLNÉ, Head Of Government Of Andorra Speech by Marc FORNÉ MOLNÉ, Head of government of andorra. Warsaw, 16 May 2005. Mr President, Heads of State and Prime Ministers, Ministers, Ambassadors, http://www.coe.int/t/dcr/summit/20050516_speech_molne_en.asp

INTERNET PORTAL MULTIMEDIA CONTACT US Home ... CoE information For the Press Press releases Multimedia ressources Download the Summit Logo Photos 17 May 2005 16 May 2005 Some pictures of the Summit Youth Summit ... Download Adopted texts Final declaration Action plan In brief Why a Summit? Aims of the Summit Documents List of Heads of Delegations List of speakers Programme Reference texts ... Biographies In depth Theme Files Reference websites CM Chairmanship Summit Polish website Permanent Representation of Poland Information Centres Website list Summit website Archives Previous Summits PRINT SEND FRANCAIS ... POLSKI (To be checked against delivered speech) Speech by Marc FORNÉ MOLNÉ, Head of Government of Andorra Warsaw, 16 May 2005. Mr President, Heads of State and Prime Ministers, Ministers, Ambassadors, Ladies and Gentlemen, This is the second time I have the honor of addressing this noble assembly and also the last, since my mandate as head of government is coming to a close and I consider it a happy coincidence that this should come together with the Council of Europe, because the values which it defends must be the basis of all political action and they are also those which have guided my course in the government of Andorra: democracy, the human rights and the rule of law. Under these guiding principles the Principality of Andorra has recently celebrated ten years as a member of the Council of Europe and this is also the period during which I have headed the government of my country. During this period we have ratified an important number of conventions and the norms established by the organization have guided incorporations to our legal framework, as will continue to be the case in the future. Our cooperation has included aspects as diverse as the safeguard of human rights and freedoms, the protection of the cultural heritage, education or the defense of the environment, and this has meant a profitable exchange and a stimulus for the wellbeing of our citizens.

100. History And Government (from Andorra) --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia History and government (from andorra) andorra has survived as an independent state since the earliest period of European history. http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-196373?ct=

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