121. CNN - Cold War Experience: Espionage I cultivated dozens of journalists, European, american; I would brief them, As his supervisor, I handled all the information he would provide us with. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/experience/spies/interviews/kalugin/

This site is best viewed with a 4.0 browser and requires javascript I think if we compare Hitler to Stalin, and the Gestapo to the KGB, the KGB was far more ruthless. I ran spies in Western embassies, in the journalistic community, in the academic community, in the military. For four years I performed my duties as a correspondent, which was a cover, and I also tried to collect information, to recruit Americans. We managed to intercept a conversation of Henry Kissinger, then assistant of national security affairs to the president, and his fiancee. The Soviet system was a lawless system, and the KGB was a tool of lawlessness. It was really a worldwide campaign, often not only sponsored and funded, but conducted and manipulated by the KGB. The heart and soul of the Soviet intelligence was subversion. Not intelligence collection, but subversion: active measures to weaken the West. Intelligence played little, if any, role in winning the Cold War. I was John Walker's supervisor. When he came into the Soviet Embassy, he produced immediately very convincing proof of his great value. We understood that we [had] a great catch. The Soviet leadership particularly became more paranoid than ever when their leadership became too old.

122. First Division Monument The division was the first american force to arrive in Europe during World War I. The memorial was erected in President's Park in 1924 in memory of division members who died in that war, with later additions commemorating those who died in later wars. Includes history of the division and the monument. National Park Service site. http://www.nps.gov/whho/PPSth/1stdivmon/index.htm

Home Lafayette Park President's Park South Site Index White House ... Visitor Center First Division Monument Location: South of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building Erected: Sculptor: Daniel Chester French Architects: Cass Gilbert and Cass Gilbert, Jr. Introduction World War I Monument World War II Addition Vietnam War Addition ... Society of the First Infantry Division ) raised all the funds for the original monument and its additions. No federal money was used. Today, the monument and grounds are maintained by the National Park Service. Next World War I Monument This article was written by Silvina Fernandez-Duque. E-mail your comments, suggestions, or inquiries about this website to President's Park Privacy Policy FOIA ParkNet Updated: Wednesday, April 23, 2003

123. History Of San Francisco National Cemetery - Presidio Of San Francisco american War Mothers MonumentLocated on a small grassy island on Main Drive gen. Irwin McDowell Commanding general at the First Battle of Bull Run, http://www.nps.gov/prsf/history/cemetery_history.htm

History of San Francisco National Cemetery What Is a National Cemetery? Based on the principles articulated by President Lincoln in his Gettysburg Address"that these dead shall not have died in vain," the U.S. Congress passed the National Cemeteries Act in 1863. The law established thirteen cemeteries to inter veterans of the Armed Forces and their families, and made stipulations for veterans of the Civil War as well as subsequent armed conflicts. Originally managed by the War Department, the National Cemetery system now includes 114 cemeteries, managed since 1973 by the Department of Veteran's Affairs. The Growth of San Francisco National Cemetery The cemetery experienced a great increase in both interments and acreage over the next fifty years. It also sported a number of architectural changes. In 1915, a concrete rostrum was built to hold official services, and in 1921 the Quartermaster Department built a mortuary chapel on the premises (currently the cemetery officesee map). During a five-year improvement plan, finished in 1929, the Army remodeled the lodge (the building just beyond the office) to conform to the Mission Revival type prevalent throughout the Presidio. The Army also constructed a concrete garage and tool house in the same architectural style. One of the later additions led, in 1928, to a repositioning of the cemetery walls and the resetting of the old main entrance, which had existed since the establishment of the National Cemetery, to the west entrance. The current main entrance dates back to 1931. The final expansion to the cemetery occurred in 1932, giving it the current size of 28.34 acres. There was a serious effort to again increase the cemetery in 1961, but the outcry over possible environmental damage was so great that the Army decided against the plan, and in 1973 the cemetery officially closed to new interments, except in reserved gravesites.

124. Landmarks Of Fort Payne Depot Museum In Dekalb County, Alabama Showcases railroad and Native american artifacts, and historical memorabilia from all wars since the Civil War. Includes virtual tour, directions, and contact details. http://www.warehouse-media.com/depot/

Thank you for visiting the online home of the Fort Payne Depot Museum, presented by Landmarks of Dekalb County. Located in Northeast Alabama, our musuem, which is actually a train depot circa late 1800s, contains much more than railroad historical artifacts. Thanks to many donations from estates and businesses, we have artifacts from every war since the Civil War, items from the formation of our city, thousands of Indian artifacts (like arrowheads, baskets, and sculptures), and much more. Listed with the National Register of Historic Places, we are a popular tourist spot just minutes from heavily-visited Mentone and not much farther from cities like Birmingham, Chattanooga, and Atlanta Warehouse-Media

125. Women Of Achievement And Herstory: Women's Military History During King Philip s War in 1675 women leaders of Native american tribes helpedthe colonists Please email military information, questions or comments http://www.undelete.org/military/timeline1.html

Women's Internet Information Network presents: Of the military, By the military and For the military - not necessarily always In the military...but warriors all the same. Pre Revolutionary Days - 1600s During King Philip's War in 1675 women leaders of Native American tribes helped the colonists defend their settlements. One was Awashonka, squaw sachem of the Saconnet in Rhode Island. In 1697 a Massachusetts settler, Hannah Duston, from the town of Haverhill, was captured by Abnaki Indians who were fighting for Canada. After an arduous hundred mile trek, while resting on an island in New Hampshire, Hannah decided that she was not going to be tortured or killed in Canada. With the help of a young boy who had been captured earlier, and Mary Neff who had been captured with her, she stole the Indians tomahawks and in a daring nighttime attack the three prisoners managed to kill ten of their captors. They stole a canoe, scuttled the rest, and escaped taking with them the scalps of their victims as proof of their story. The first monument, commemorating the fame of a woman, to be erected in the United States was one to Hannah Duston, dedicated on June 1, 1861, in Haverhill The Revolutionary War - 1700s In October of 1778 Deborah Samson of Plymouth Massachusetts disguised herself as a young man and presented herself to the American army as a willing volunter to oppose the common enemy. She enlisted for the whole term of the war as Robert Shirtliffe and served in the company of Captain Nathan Thayer of Medway, Massachusetts. For three years she served in various duties and was wounded twice - the first time by a sword cut on the side of the head and four months later she was shot through the shoulder. Her sexual identity went undetected until she came down with a brain fever, then prevalent among the soldiers. Later a bill was passed granting her a pension, in addition to certain lands, which she was to receive as an acknowledgment for her services to the country in a military capacity as a Revolutionary Soldier

126. Soldiers Songs - Army Songs, Civil War, World War II, Vietnam War, World War 1 Army ballads from World wars I and II, Vietnam, american and Irish civil wars, Boer War, Irish rebellions. Includes military history of each song. http://www.soldierssongs.com/

Stephen Armstrong Teacher/Instructional Leader of Social Studies, Manchester Public Schools Adjunct Instructor of History, Central CT State University Master Teacher, Teaching United States History Grant, CREC At the Eleventh Hour of the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh Month of 1918, an armistice (cease fire) ended World War I. In 1919, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed November 11 as Armistice Day to remember the conflict that took 23,000,000 lives. Congress renamed it Veterans Day in 1954 to honor all U.S. Veterans. It is still called Armistice Day in Great Britain. The Canadians and Australians call it Remembrance Day. The songs on this site that tell the story of WWI are "Christmas in the Trenches" (John McCutcheon), "The Green Fields of France" & "And The Band Played Waltzing Matilda" (Eric Bogle), and "The Rose of No Man's Land" (J. Caddigan & J. Brennan). Web Design and Hosting by AdrenalineTechnology var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl='';

127. DoctrineLINK - Military Analysis Network TECNET Test and Evaluation information has a lotta stuff online, and links toeven more stuff, Aerospace Doctrine More Than Just A Theory gen. http://www.fas.org/man/doctrine.htm

FAS Homepage Military Analysis Index Search ... Join FAS DoctrineLINK DoctrineLINK is the most comprehensive online guide to military doctrine currently available. Doctrinal resources are widely scattered across the net, and they are brought together here for the first time. This guide provides pointers to both sites that are primary sources of doctrinal and related publications and the capstone doctrinal publications of the Defense Department and Military Services. National Defense / Joint Army Navy ... Other We also maintain local specialized libraries of doctrinal and related publications on several topics of current interest. Military Space Doctrine Ballistic Missile Defense Doctrine Intelligence and Security Doctrine Search the Digitized Collection Marine Corps University Archives ... Naval War College Newport Papers National Sources White House Offices and Agencies White House Virtual Library Publications A NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY FOR A NEW CENTURY December 1999 A NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY FOR A NEW CENTURY OCTOBER 1998 [335kb PDF] A National Security Strategy for A New Century May 1997 [Replaces "Engagement and Enlargement"] A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement February 1996 [replaces previous editions of 1994 and 1995].

128. CNN - Clinton Says U.S. Did Wrong In Central American Wars - March 10, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/americas/9903/10/clinton.latam.02/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD africa americas ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pointcast DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Keyword Title Author Clinton says U.S. did wrong in Central American wars March 10, 1999 Web posted at: 11:38 p.m. EST (0438 GMT) In this story: Protests delay departure from airport Illegal immigration remains contentious Clinton promises immigration parity Presidents to press for more trade, aid ... GUATEMALA CITY (CNN) Facing anti-U.S. protests over deportations, President Clinton admitted Wednesday to Guatemalans that U.S. support for "widespread repression" in their bloody 36-year civil war was a mistake. "For the United States, it is important that I state clearly that the support for military forces or intelligence units which engaged in violent and widespread repression ... was wrong," Clinton said as he began a round-table discussion on Guatemala's search for peace. "The United States must not repeat that mistake. We must and we will instead continue to support the peace and reconciliation process in Guatemala," he said on the third day of a Central American tour.

129. Salon.com - War Room Kissinger spins the end of the Vietnam War as an american success, In lateJuly, gen. George Casey, the top US military official in Iraq, http://www.salon.com/politics/war_room/

Salon Member log in Help Benefits of membership Books ... Print this page War Room More ticker shock for Dick Cheney Salon editorial fellow Aaron Kinney reacts to Dick Cheney's latest health problem. It's time for the latest entry in the "Where's Cheney?" file. Two weeks ago, after Hurricane Katrina hit, Cheney was vacationing in Wyoming. Then he was reportedly house-hunting along the Chesapeake Bay. Next weekend, he'll be in the hospital. Reports emerged today that Cheney will undergo elective surgery to repair an aneurism behind his right knee. The surgery, to repair a damaged artery, will be performed under local anesthetic, according to The Washington Post. Not a good month, health-wise, for the Bush administration. Deputy White House Chief of Staff Karl Rove was briefly hospitalized for painful kidney stones when the president was stumbling in the immediate wake of Katrina. Could this latest health issue be related to Cheney's mysterious visit to a Vail, Colo., health specialist back in June? That visit had to do with either his heart or his knee, according to the speculation surrounding the event. This latest incident has to do with both his knee and his heart, since a blood clot emanating from the former could spell disaster for the latter. We don't have much information yet, but surely Cheney will just come out and tell us soon.

130. Freedom Museum-Prince William County Virginia A patriotic museum housed at the Manassas Regional Airport near the Civil War battlefields, honoring the american soldiers of the two World wars, Korea and Vietnam. Offers history of museum, Roll of Honor, photo gallery, and location map. http://www.freedommuseum.org/

Open 7 days a week 10 to 4 "Saturday,September 24th 9am to 3pm" "Open Interview for Aviation Professionals" "Click here for more information" FREEDOM MUSEUM'S MISSION To honor those Americans who made the supreme sacrifice in defense of freedom, to pay tribute to those who served our country with honor and distinction and to provide a place for our young citizens to learn of their history and heritage. "The sky overhead is filled with the huge and roaring shapes familiar to past wars. The ground rumbles with the sounds of heavy artillery rolling along, and the awe-filled faces of visitors young and old reflect the pride of generations of men, women and children proud to be American. This is the Festival of Freedom." Join us in 2005 for the Seventh Annual " Festival of Freedom " to be held on October 8 and 9. Photos of the 2004 Festival of Freedom by Mark Gilvey Requires FlashPlayer See VIDEO (10mb) from the 2003 Festival of Freedom Get QuickTime Player E-Mail us at CColgan@FreedomMuseum.org

131. Richard III Society - American Branch Sponsored by the american Branch of the Richard III Society. Devoted to the study of Richard and his treatment in history, literature and drama as well as the wars of the Roses and 15th century England in general. http://www.r3.org/

HOME MEMBERS ONLY (what's this?) ... Search the Site Special Sections: Back to Basics Barley Hall Bosworth Fifteenth-Century ... To Prove a Villain: The Real Richard III. This online version of the 1991 Royal National Theatre exhibition is an excellent introduction to Richard III in history and drama. This volunteer-maintained site is sponsored by the American Branch of the England-based Richard III Society and devoted to the study of King Richard III , last of the medieval English kings the Wars of the Roses , a dynastic struggle in the later middle ages that pitted Yorkist against Lancastrian fifteenth-century England and its culture the reputation of Richard III in history, literature, and drama, especially Shakespeare. Featured News and Links "Remember before God Richard III, King of England..." The Battle of Bosworth Field, August 22, 1485.

132. The Civil War Series Online american Civil War resources at The War Times Journal. Includes rare archives, links and books. http://www.wtj.com/wars/civilwar/

THE CIVIL WAR SERIES ARTICLES ARCHIVES MINIATURES BOOKS ... Reminiscences of the Civil War Select excerpts from General John Gordon's memoirs. General Gordon was the veteran officer who saluted Joshua Chamberlain's command. Personal Memoirs By U.S. Grant. Critically highlights many of the crucial events of the American Civil War from the viewpoint of this senior officer. Advance and Retreat, Memoirs by General Hood, commander of the Texas Brigade at Antietam and of one of Longstreet's divisions at Gettysburg. From Manassas to Appomattox By Lieutenant-General James Longstreet, one of the most important Confederate commanders of the war. Memoirs of General Sherman The memoirs of this famous Union commander who fought at Shiloh and later marched to the sea. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies Orders, telegrams and reports from the navies of the United and Confederate States. Visiting the Picacho Peak Historical Site - A short travel log and article about the Picacho Peak Battlefield in Arizona, site of the western-most "battle" fought during the American Civil War. www.wtj.com

133. Maps Of The Spanish-American War -- Philippines USWar * Spanish-american War * Manila and Vicinity (Troop positions) * 1899 Author War Dept. Adj. General s Office Military information Division http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/mapphil.html

Maps of the Philippines A number of maps of the Philippines have been scanned through the Library of Congress National Digital Library Program's web site, American Memory . The majority of these maps are located in the Map Collections: 1500-1999 presentation. Links to the digitized maps in this presentation in American Memory appear below: Philippines List of maps available for viewing in the Geography and Map Division: Philippines - General Maps Author: H. Walkenhorst-Eng Title: Map of the Spanish and American Trenches on the South of Manila Date: August 1898 Scale: Scale not provided Dimension: 47.5 X 37.5 cm Call no.: United States War * Spanish-American War * Philippines * South Manila* 1898 * Walkenhorst Description: Map paper on top of canvas. Legend shows American, Spanish, and Insurgents trench lines Author: J.H. Watkins Title: Map of Manila and Vicinity showing positions of troops prior to the battle of February 5th and location of the military Telegraph Lines then in Operation. Date: Feb. 1899

134. Reader's Companion To American History - -KOREAN WAR But the Vietnam War brought challenges to established views on american foreign The UN Command was led by Ridgway until May 1952 and thereafter by gen. http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_050900_koreanwar.htm

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Contributors ... World Civilizations The Reader's Companion to American History KOREAN WAR Among the wars of the United States the Korean conflict was the last to utilize conventional strategies, tactics, and weapons. Simultaneously it was the first limited, inconclusive conflict to mix the antagonists of the cold war in the cauldron of a civil war. Until the mid-1960s, most American interpretations of the United States' entry into the war supported the Truman administration's position that the United States had become involved because its honor and credibility were at stake, it felt compelled to contain the Moscow-directed global expansion of communism, and it saw tolerance of North Korean aggression as Munich-like appeasement. But the Vietnam War brought challenges to established views on American foreign and defense affairs, including the Korean War. Most revisionists blamed America and South Korea for precipitating hostilities, argued that the conflict was basically a civil war, and charged that ethnocentrism and economic imperialism had influenced American policymakers on Asia. War erupted in Korea on June 25, 1950, along the thirty-eighth parallel that separated North and South Korea. As North Korean units pushed deep into South Korea, the U.N. Security Council, at the instigation of the United States, condemned the North Korean invasion and later called on members to assist South Korea. That first week, President Harry S. Truman, without seeking congressional approval, committed American forces to the conflict. On July 7, the U.N. Command was established, with General of the Army Douglas MacArthur appointed as its head. The nearest U.S. forces were already under his Far East Command, including in Japan alone four army divisions, the Fifth Air Force, and units of the Seventh Fleet. Eventually nearly 1.8 million Americans would serve in Korea, of whom 54,200 were killed, 103,300 wounded, and 8,200 missing in action. Besides the preponderant American and South Korean forces, military units from fifteen other members of the

135. PR Meets Psy-Ops In War On Terror - Los Angeles Times The use of misleading information as a military tool sparks debate in the Pentagon . Erv Lessel, who answers directly to gen. George W. Casey, the top US http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-warinfo1dec01,0,321180.stor

136. THE LIFE OF CHARLES KING In 1898, during the Spanish american War, King was recommissioned as For further information on Charles King, the following books are recommended http://www.bbhc.org/charlesKing/KingBiography.html

THE LIFE OF CHARLES KING by Nathan Bender, Housel Curator, McCracken Research Library. Lieutenant Charles King, Fifth Cavalry, 1876 Lisle Reedstrom, 1976, acrylics. The Paul Hedren Collection, MRL This portrait of Lt. Charles King is based on historical photographs and documents as to what an officer of the 5th Cavalry might have worn on the Plains in 1876. General Charles King King's first book-length work was his non-fiction Campaigning with Crook , based on his experiences as a lieutenant in the Sioux Campaign of 1876 as part of the U.S. 5th Cavalry. It evolved from a series of newspaper articles written for the Milwaukee Sentinel Campaigning With Crook has proven to be King's most popular and enduring work. Thereafter, he turned mostly to writing highly romantic novels that were also based on his experiences in the Army, beginning with The Colonel's Daughter , published in 1883. His duties with the Wisconsin National Guard permitted King a home life and an office to pursue his writings. Love had found King, as a young officer, while he was stationed in New Orleans, Louisiana early in 1872. There he met and fell head over heals for a Miss Adelaide Lavender Yorke, whom he married that same year. Together they had three daughters and a son. The oldest daughter died tragically at age five in 1879.

137. American Merchant Marine In World War 2 Accomplishments and Casualties of american Merchant Marine in World War II. Casualties were kept secret during the War to keep information about their http://www.usmm.org/ww2.html

U.S. Merchant Marine in World War II One way to understand the Second World War is to appreciate the critical role of merchant shipping... the availability or non-availability of merchant shipping determined what the Allies could or could not do militarily.... when sinkings of Allied merchant vessels exceeded production, when slow turnarounds, convoy delays, roundabout routing, and long voyages taxed transport severely, or when the cross-Channel invasion planned for 1942 had to be postponed for many months for reasons which included insufficient shipping.... Had these ships not been produced, the war would have been in all likelihood prolonged many months, if not years. Some argue the Allies would have lost as there would not have existed the means to carry the personnel, supplies, and equipment needed by the combined Allies to defeat the Axis powers. [It took 7 to 15 tons of supplies to support one soldier for one year.] The U.S. wartime merchant fleet constituted one of the most significant contributions made by any nation to the eventual winning of the Second World War In the final assessment, the huge US merchant fleet... provided critical logistical support to the war effort...

138. Civil War Potpourri Page Great information about the Civil War that fits into no particular category! gen. John B. Gordon, CS, that shows even in the cruelty of war there were http://www.civilwarhome.com/potpourr.htm

Civil War Potpourri Great information about the Civil War that fits into no particular category! A Horseman In The Sky This is a great little story by Ambrose Bierce. It first appeared in "Tales of Soldiers and Civilians" published in 1891. Abolition and Religion A short article on how these two were dealt with in the Civil War. Balloons With The Army Of The Potomac A personal reminiscence by Professor T. S. C. Lowe, who introduced and made balloon observations on the Peninsula for the Union Army. Black Codes Passed by Southern politicians in the former Confederate states, 1865-66, these codes were meant to regulate the life and labor of newly freed slaves. Blockade An interesting article about the initial blockading of the Southern seaports by the Union Navy. Border States As far as Lincoln was concerned there were four of them. Here is a brief description. Boys In The Civil War How young they were! Yet every bit the full measure of a man. Burnside's Mud March An interesting event that occurred between the battle of Fredericksburg and the battle of Chancellorsville.

139. The CIA And Nazi War Criminals Hindsight allows us to see that american use of actual or alleged war criminals gen. Stephen J. Chamberlin, Director of Intelligence, War Department, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/

home about documents news ... mailing list Gen. Reinhard Gehlen persuaded the U.S. Army and then the CIA to sponsor his intelligence network even though he employed numerous former Nazis and known war criminals. The CIA and Nazi War Criminals National Security Archive Posts Secret CIA History Released Under Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 146 Edited by Tamara Feinstein February 4, 2005 Washington D.C., February 4, 2005 - Today the National Security Archive posted the CIA's secret documentary history of the U.S government's relationship with General Reinhard Gehlen, the German army's intelligence chief for the Eastern Front during World War II. At the end of the war, Gehlen established a close relationship with the U.S. and successfully maintained his intelligence network (it ultimately became the West German BND) even though he employed numerous former Nazis and known war criminals. The use of Gehlen's group, according to the CIA history, Forging an Intelligence Partnership: CIA and the Origins of the BND, 1945-49

140. UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS IN THE CIVIL WAR BLACK CAMISARDS African-american Civil War Art, Books and Collectibles gen.JP Hawkins. Headquarters 1st Division, US Colored Troops. Vicksburg, Miss. http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/data.htm

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