41. "Charter Of The Indigenous And Tribal Peoples Of The Tropical Forests (IAIP Char Legalise the ownership of lands used by nonindigenous peoples who live within Coordinating Body for the indigenous Organisations of the amazon basin D http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/citpt92a.htm

Charter of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Tropical Forests (IAIP Charter) Penang, Malaysia 15 February 1992. Principles, goals and demands Respect for our rights Territory Decision-making Development policy Forest policy Biodiversity and conservation Intellectual property Research Institutions Education Resolution of the Conference WE THEREFORE RESOLVE Charter and Resolution signed and approved by The Charter has subsequently been supported by the following organisations Article 1. We, the indigenous-tribal peoples of the tropical forests, present this charter as a response to hundreds of years of continual encroachment and colonisation of our territories and the undermining of our lives, livelihoods and cultures caused by the destruction of the forests that our survival depends on. Article 2. We declare that we are the original peoples, the rightful owners and the cultures that defend the tropical forests of the world. Article 3. Our territories and forests are to us more than an economic resource. For us, they are life itself and have an integral and spiritual value for our communities. They are fundamental to our social, cultural, spiritual, economic and political survival as distinct peoples. Article 4.

42. Indigenous Peoples Fund The indigenous peoples Fund will support projects for the protection, restoration, The greatest territorial dispersion is found in the amazon basin. http://www.gm-unccd.org/FIELD/Multi/IPF/Ind.htm

Main Page Global Mechanism About FIELD Help ... English On-line Indigenous Peoples Fund Short Description Funding Agency Indigenous Peoples Fund Funding Terms and Conditions Priorities or Preferences The Fund will mainly support projects originating from indigenous peoples themselves, which by virtue of their technical, economic or cultural characteristics, provide indigenous solutions to indigenous problems. Indigenous Peoples Fund-supported projects will address four critical areas: resources for sustainable development, indigenous rights, institutional strengthening and training, and culture and identity. Allocation The region can be divided into three groups of countries based on the concentration of indigenous peoples: In the Andean region (Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, and parts of Colombia and Chile), and Mesoamerica (southern Mexico and Guatemala), the indigenous population is equal to or outnumbers the non-indigenous population.

43. Amazon River: Definition And Much More From Answers.com The Casiquiare River, a natural canal, links the amazon basin (through the Rio instead, indigenous peoples had names for the sections of the river they http://www.answers.com/topic/amazon-river

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Geography WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Amazon River Dictionary Amazon River The second-longest river in the world and the one with the greatest volume of water, flowing about 6,275 km (3,900 mi) from northern Peru across northern Brazil to a wide delta on the Atlantic Ocean. The first European to explore it was probably the Spanish navigator Vicente Y¡±ez Pinz³n in 1500. Encyclopedia Amazon, Port. Amazonas ¤m¤zà  nəs ), world's second longest river, c.3,900 mi (6,280 km) long, formed by the junction in N Peru's Andes Mts. of two major headstreams, the Ucayali and the shorter Mara±³n . It flows across N Brazil before entering the Atlantic Ocean near Bel©m. Course Geologically, the Amazon basin is a sediment-filled structural depression between crystalline highlands of Brazil and Guiana. The riverbed (1–8 mi/1.6–12.9 km wide) is in a wide floodplain that is up to 30 mi (48 km) wide. For much of its course, the Amazon wanders in a maze of brownish channels amid countless islands, but is unobstructed by falls. Its headstreams, however, arise cold and clear in the heights of the Andes. They descend northward before turning east to join and form the Amazon (which is, however, occasionally called the Solimµes from the Brazilian border to the junction with the Rio Negro). Of the Amazon's more than 500 tributaries, the chief ones are the Negro, Japur¡ (Caquet¡), Putumayo (I§¡), and Napo, which enter from the north; and the Javari, Juru¡, Purºs, Madeira, Tapaj³s, and Xingº rivers, which enter from the south. The Casiquiare River, a natural canal, links the Amazon basin (through the Rio Negro) with the Orinoco basin.

44. Ayahuasca Patent Washington, DC indigenous peoples from nine South American countries won a more than one and a half million indigenous peoples of the amazon basin, http://www.dhushara.com/book/diversit/extra/ayap.htm

Genesis of Eden Diversity Encyclopedia Get the Genesis of Eden AV-CD Windows / Mac Compatible Includes live video seminars, enchanting renewal songs and a thousand page illustrated codex. Join SAKINA-Weave A transformative network reflowering Earth's living diversity in gender reunion. Return to Genesis of Eden? U.S. Patent Office Cancels Patent on Sacred "Ayahuasca" Plant AUTHOR: Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) PUBLICATION: CIEL Press Release DATE: 4 November 1999 For Immediate Release Thursday, November 4, 1999 U.S. PATENT OFFICE ADMITS ERROR, CANCELS PATENT ON SACRED "AYAHUASCA" PLANT Indigenous Leaders, Legal Experts Hail Decision to Cancel "Flawed Patent" on Sacred Plant from the Amazon, But Call for Reforms to Prevent Future Abuses Washington, D.C. - Indigenous peoples from nine South American countries won a precedent-setting victory yesterday, as the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) canceled the patent issued to a U.S. citizen for the "ayahuasca" vine. The plant, Banisteriopsis caapi, is native to the Amazonian rainforest. Thousands of indigenous people of the region use it in sacred religious and healing ceremonies, as part of their traditional religions.

45. Choike : Indigenous Peoples . The amazon Alliance works to defend the rights, territories and environment ofindigenous and traditional peoples of the amazon basin. http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/4/34/info_util6.html

var category = '4'; var subcategory = '34'; Directory NGO sites This site Directory In-depth Reports Campaigns News ... CONTACT Categorias(category); SubCategorias(category,subcategory); Indigenous Peoples Useful info Information Resources Amazon Alliance The Amazon Alliance works to defend the rights, territories and environment of indigenous and traditional peoples of the Amazon Basin. The Alliance is a partnership between indigenous and traditional peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals who share their concerns for the future of the Amazon and its peoples. USA. Assembly of First Nations Historically the First Nations have a unique and special relationship with the Crown and the people of Canada, as manifested in treaties and other historical documents. In essence, the special relationship is one of (negotiated agreement with a view toward) peaceful coexistence based on equitable sharing of lands and resources, and ultimately on respect, recognition, and enforcement of our respective right to govern ourselves. The AFN exists to promote the "restoration and enhancement" of this relationship and to ensure that it is mutually beneficial to the First Nations people. The Assembly of First Nations is a national aboriginal lobby organization. Center for World Indigenous Studies By democratizing relations between peoples, between nations and states, the diversity of nations and their cultures will continue to enrich the world.

46. Researching Indigenous Peoples Rights Under International Law Policy of the national government in defense of the rights of indigenous peoplesand the ecological conservation of the amazon basin Republic of Colombia. http://intelligent-internet.info/law/ipr2.html

RESEARCHING INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW Steven C. Perkins This is a revision of a document prepared for presentation at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Law Libraries. It may be reproduced for non-profit educational use if this notice appears on the reproduction. This paper was originally produced in 1992, prior to the INTERNET and the explosion of information it has engendered. In updating it, I have tried to create links to online materials on indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities rights under international law. This paper is not meant to be a comprehensive guide to information on indigenous people. It is meant to be a guide to researching international law and indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities rights. This paper was originally delivered as part of a program on indigenous peoples rights. Other speakers, Professor George S. Grossman , and Professor Kirke Kickingbird , covered American Indians. Because of that, this paper's coverage of American Indians is limited. In 1996, Professor

47. Forestry Management On Indigenous Peoples’ Lands :: Indigenous Peoples In Brazi De facto situation and indigenous peoples’ concerns and desires referring tothe exploration of primitive forests of the amazon basin, which adopted the http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/english/rights/manefloresti.shtm

Find your way: Indigenous peoples in Brazil Rights Recent themes Forestry management Traditional knowledge and biodiversity Economic activities Ownership of Genetic rights Mining ... Definition of crimes Forestry management on indigenous peoples’ lands :: Introduction :: De facto situation and indigenous peoples’ concerns and desires :: Understanding the terms of the legislation :: A guarantee of the community’s constitutional rights Introduction How may indigenous communities legally explore lumber in their areas? The explanation is made by Paulo Pankararu ISA Law Program-Programa Direito Socioambiental- ISA The commercial exploration of lumber on indigenous community lands is a controversial question which has been receiving different analyses, either in the conceptions of the indigenous communities themselves, or by anthropologists, environmentalists, specialists in law, public institutions and non-governmental organizations. The central aspect of the controversy is whether the indigenous communities can or cannot explore or commercialize wood on their lands. This controversy has been the result of a lack of a clear interpretation of pertaining legislation and consistent public policies to support the sustainable development of indigenous communities. De facto situation and indigenous peoples’ concerns However, despite the vehement degree the sectors defended the prohibition of the sale or commercialization of lumber from the indigenous lands, millions of cubic meters of wood have been extracted illegally from these lands, enriching only the owners of the lumber companies. This shows that it is simply not enough to establish regulations, which prohibit the commercialization of the lumber and resources of these lands to protect the interests and patrimony of the indigenous communities. The debate should concentrate on the de facto situation of the communities and their concerns regarding their resources.

48. MSN Encarta - Native Americans Of Middle And South America In the warm, humid climate of the amazon basin, most indigenous groups wore Many amazon basin peoples were protected by nearly impenetrable jungle and http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509044_10/Native_Americans_of_Middle_and_

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items ancient civilizations – Aztec ancient civilizations – Inca more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Native Americans of Middle and South America Search for books and more related to Native Americans of Middle and South America Encarta Search Search Encarta about Native Americans of Middle and South America Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Native Americans of Middle and South America ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 10 of 23 Native Americans of Middle and South America Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 106 items Article Outline Introduction Culture Areas History Native Americans Today D Transportation The dugout canoe was the principal means of transportation for people living along or near rivers and streams. Canoes varied in size and quality. The v¡rzea chiefdoms—the Tapaj³s and the Omagua—built large, sturdy canoes for long-distance war expeditions up and down the Amazon River. On one occasion, the Spaniards counted as many as 8,000 warriors in 130 canoes (equal to about 60 men per canoe), which were paddled out to attack the intruding Europeans. On the other hand, the Ynomam¶ built far less reliable canoes, reflecting the fact that they lived far from rivers and, like other terre firme groups, traveled mostly on foot.

49. MSN Encarta - Native Americans Of Middle And South America of Mexico and tropical rain forest of the amazon basin to the grassy pampas of This article uses the terms Native Americans, indigenous peoples, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509044/Native_Americans_of_Middle_and_Sou

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items ancient civilizations – Aztec ancient civilizations – Inca more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Native Americans of Middle and South America Search for books and more related to Native Americans of Middle and South America Encarta Search Search Encarta about Native Americans of Middle and South America Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Native Americans of Middle and South America ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Native Americans of Middle and South America Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 106 items Article Outline Introduction Culture Areas History Native Americans Today I Introduction Print Preview of Section Native Americans of Middle and South America , indigenous peoples of Middle America ( Mexico Central America , and the West Indies ) and South America . Native Americans were the first humans to inhabit these regions, arriving thousands of years before European explorers laid claim to the “New World.”

50. Current Action - Global Response - Environmental Action Education Protect Rivers, Forests and indigenous peoples / Brazil Onethird of all theworld’s species live in the amazon River basin; one-third of the world’s http://www.globalresponse.org/gra.php?i=5/01&j=printable

51. Current Action - Global Response - Environmental Action Education Onethird of all the world’s species live in the amazon River basin; indigenous peoples are especially vulnerable since their survival depends on their http://www.globalresponse.org/gra.php?i=5/01

52. Colonizing Creation, Part One Continued indigenous People of the amazon. This article is reprinted from the Cultural to the lives of indigenous peoples throughout the amazon river basin. http://www.biopark.org/peru/biopiracy1.html

Biopiracy In the Amazon commentary by Otorongo Blanco El Tigre Journeys We are grateful to the indigenous people of Amazonia for sharing with the world their marvelous ethnobotanical knowledge accrued over millennia. People all over the world already realize many current medicinal and health benefits from this knowledge, and much more awaits "discovery" by the western world. We recognize that this knowledge is their exclusive intellectual property and condemn those who would appropriate it for personal profit with fair acknowledgement and just compensation. We believe that partnerships established with the informed consent and agreement of legitimate representatives of indigenous communities, may be acceptable if a. traditional indigenous use and access to these plants is not compromised in any way b. the biological survival of any plant species is not threatened by commercial harvest c. a competent professional biological assessment is done to determine range and distribution, critical ecology, reproductive/propagative requirements and fecundity of any plant proposed for commercial export d. a fair profit-sharing plan is established to provide long-term income for indigenous communities from cultivation or sustained-yield harvest of medicinal plants

53. Press Release - Amazon Watch the amazon basin to defend the environment and advance indigenous peoples\ amazon indigenous peoples Reaffirm Opposition to Burlington’s Plans to http://www.amazonwatch.org/newsroom/view_news.php?id=748

54. Amazon Art Illuminates Vanishing Worlds In 1990, there were 220 distinct groups in the amazon basin, Mekler said during oil and other interests, rather than the practice of indigenous peoples. http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2005/june8/amazon-060805.html

Stanford Report, June 8, 2005 Amazon art illuminates vanishing worlds Exhibit at Cantor Center features 150 objects, reflecting traditional culture and practices of eight tribal groups from river basin BY BARBARA PALMER Courtesy Houston Museum of Natural Science In the view of Adam Mekler, art collector and associate curator of Amazonia for the Houston Museum of Natural Science, "If a picture is worth a thousand words, an object is worth a million." By any calculation, the 175 art objects now on display at the Cantor Arts Center exhibit, Vanishing Worlds: Art and Ritual in Amazonia , speak volumes. Drawn from a collection first assembled by Mekler, the exhibition's curator, and now owned by the Houston science museum, the exhibit is one of the largest yet mounted on Amazonian art. With items ranging from feather headdresses, ritual clubs, and ear and body ornaments to baskets, pottery and textiles, the exhibit illuminates the traditional culture and practices of eight tribal groups who live in the Amazon River basin in areas from the Atlantic coast of Brazil to the foothills of the Andes in Peru and Ecuador. The items themselves are vulnerable, because of the region's heat and humidity and because many ritual objects are discarded immediately after use, Mekler said. The fate of the 100-pound body costume, for instance, could easily have been to be carried back into the rainforest by leaf-cutter ants, he added. "The material is very ephemeral, but if taken care of can last as long as any object," he said. Because of their fragility, the objects are exhibited under low light.

55. Traveljournals.net - Traveler Supernova - Pictures - Picture 225 To 250 Shuar indigenous peoples and I amazon basin, Ecuador. 200307-08. Picture ofamazonian public transport. Taken 2003-07-08 in amazon basin, http://www.traveljournals.net/travelers/supernova/pictures/1.html

Home Explore Pictures Stories ... Travelers Search Web Search TJ Navigation: Home Travelers Supernova Pictures / Picture 225 to 250 Ads: Annual Travel Insurance Car Rentals Supernova Home Journals ... Auto Update Traveler: Supernova Joined: Visitors: Journal entries: Picture uploads: Latest journal entries Marathon One little victory Cold fire Turn the page Latest pictures The world's most poisonous.. Supernova in his final pea.. They invited me to dinner... My counterpart, cristian, .. Page: Amazonian countryside gprgeous! Chicaña, Ecuador. Handle with kid gloves. Loja, Ecuador. Quichua Indigenous Peoples Loja, Ecuador. Fellow Peace Corps Volunteers Loja, Ecuador. Saraguro Indigenous Peoples. Chicaña, Ecuador. Friends and I in the village. Chicaña, Ecuador. Supernova in downtown Chicaña. Chicaña, Ecuador. Boys and horse. Chicaña, Ecuador. Amazonian house. San Vicente de Caney, Ecuador. An Amazonian street. San Vicente de Caney, Ecuador. Shuar Indigenous peoples San Vicente de Caney, Ecuador. City commuters. Chicaña, Ecuador. Suragurans and Mestizos San Vicente de Caney, Ecuador. The Romero's bathroom (just a hole in the ground).

56. OPIAC_ S.O.S. For Indigenous Peoples Alliance. The amazon Alliance works to defend the rights, territories, and.environment of indigenous and traditional peoples of the amazon basin. http://www.mamacoca.org/FSMT_sept_2003/en/lat/OPIAC_S O S for indigenous peoples

SOS for the Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC) -Mensaje original- De: Betsy Marsh [mailto:elmarsh@umich.edu] Enviado el: Martes, 01 de Julio de 2003 09:16 a.m. Para: betsy_marsh@hotmail.com Asunto: Colombia: Support Requested to Halt Fumigation (unofficial translation) Received: Fri, 20 Jun 2003 From: Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC) opiacol@007mundo.com SOS for the Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC) The Colombian Constitutional Court requires that the Colombian Government consult the indigenous peoples of the Colombian Amazon on eradication of illicit crops within their territories. The Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC) requests the support of bodies supporting human rights, along with non-governmental organizations, governments and indigenous communities around the world in order for the Colombian government to comply with the mandate by the [federal Constitutional] Court. According to the court, the government must consult with indigenous peoples in accordance with ILO Convention 169 in regards to the herbicidal fumigation of illicit crops in indigenous peoples territories. It is essential for the indigenous peoples of the Colombian Amazon that this practice be terminated as it is detrimental to their health, bio-diversity and cultural diversity, and causes great damage to their ancestral territory. 1. The Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC) has, since 2001, placed orders in the Colombian high court against various Colombian authorities with the hope that the judicial body would protect indigenous peoples' most fundamental rights to life including health, personal development, cultural integrity, civil participation, due process of law, and a clean, safe environment.

57. AMANAKA'A AMAZON NETWORK: Judith Kimerling Biography the amazon basin is a sink for greenhouse contaminants and holds onequarter of Ms. Kimerling gained the confidence of indigenous forest peoples, http://www.amanakaa.org/kimerling-bio.htm

JUDITH KIMERLING jkimerling@igc.apc.org SELECTED QUOTES AND HONORS "Judy, to me, is one of the heroes of the environmental movement....She is one of the first environmentalists who has really developed a strong relationship with the indigenous people [in the Amazon]....She has been arrested, she's been threatened, and she has produced an extraordinary report." Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. "Almost no attempt was made to assess the environmental impact of oil development [in Ecuador's Amazon Rainforest] until 1989, when a woman named Judith Kimerling came to Ecuador and began to stick her nose into things." The New Yorker "Judith Kimerling['s book] `" Amazon Crude "'... has become the `Silent Spring' of Ecuador's increasingly aggressive environmental movement." The New York Times Judith Kimerling "is the honored prophet of the burgeoning movement that is trying to halt oil development in the Amazon." Ms. Kimerling has "a keen interest in social causes", "express[es her] convictions with passion and flair", and is a "consummate professional, deeply committed to [her] craft."The Dallas Morning News "Judith Kimerling's " Amazon Crude " is the only comprehensive overview of the environmental and cultural impact of oil development in the Oriente. Its breadth and clarity are remarkable...." Joe Kane, in Savages

58. Chapter 8 Coordinating Body for the indigenous People=s Organizations of the amazon basin, The indigenous peoples of the Ecuadorian amazon have resisted these http://www.uoguelph.ca/~terisatu/chapter_8.htm

Chapter 8 Playing out a full hand: Indigenous people s movements and the vulnerability of transnational energy corporations A paper written for the seminar A Indigenous People: The Way Forward, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, November 1993 The authors, Craig S. Benjamin and Terisa E. Turner are members of the International Oil Working Group, P.O. Box 1410, Cathedral Station, New York, New York, 10025 USA ABSTRACT The authors challenge the assumption, prevalent among many Northern environmental and indigenous advocacy groups, that grassroots movements are powerless to stop large-scale development projects initiated by transnational energy corporations. The authors begin by examining the compromise position which the U.S. National Resources Defence Council (NRDC) advocated in the struggle against oil development in the Ecuadorian Amazon. They then present a multi-level structural analysis of the power of popular alliances in Ecuador and internationally to thwart development programs pursued by transnational energy corporations and their national allies. In a survey of the political economy of energy production and sale in the present century the authors identify three critical factors pertaining to the present vulnerability of the international energy industry. The first is the transnationals fear of direct confrontation with movements of energy workers and their communities. The second factor is the ongoing effort by energy transnationals to promote intermediary social actors, including state energy corporations, that can serve as buffers against popular movements. The third is the weakening of the power and legitimacy of these intermediaries under the pressure of global economic restructuring in the period 1973 to the present. Key historical events referred to in this analysis include the 1973 oil embargo and the 1978 uprising by Iranian oil communities.

59. Journey Into Amazonia -- Sacred Ground The amazon basin, once likened to an Inland Sea by Alfred Russell Wallace, Given that these indigenous peoples often have both an ecological and http://www.pbs.org/journeyintoamazonia/sacred.html

The Status of Conservation of the Amazon Basin by Vasco von Roomsmalen and Mark Plotkin For much of the past 15 years, the Amazon has been the subject of extraordinary attention by both the media and by environmental organizations. Many millions of dollars have been spent to "save" the Amazon. Yet this magnificent ecosystem the "greatest expression of life on Earth" according to Dr. Tom Lovejoy, an authority on Amazonia is still threatened. Why? For the most part, the original threats to the forest remain in place: poverty, population growth, greed, short-term planning. Nonetheless, some successes have been achieved. National park systems are found in every tropical South American country, except Guyana. The environment is now discussed at most high-level meetings. And the growth (and projected growth) of ecotourism has been extremely encouraging. But what are we destroying? Do we really know? Mammals exemplify how much we already know and how much we still have to learn. Scientists recently began working in an area the size of France where no investigator had done any serious research since Alfred Wallace 's studies in the 1880s. Because of its high biodiversity spread over many 'islands' isolated by large river systems, research in this area led Wallace to formulate his ideas of the theory of evolution. Yet we STILL know little about many of the animals that live there! Over eight new species of monkey, a new species of peccary and perhaps even a new species of jaguar have been discovered in the past three ears despite the fact that Amazonian mammals are much better known than any other group of organisms!

60. Mana Tangata Declare that indigenous peoples of the world have the right to self Body forthe indigenous peoples Organisations of the amazon basin (COICA). http://www.tpk.govt.nz/publications/docs/tangata/app_e.htm

Mana Tangata Appendix E The Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples First International Conference on the Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Whakatane 12-18 June 1983 Aotearoa New Zealand In recognition that 1993 is the United Nations International Year for the World's Indigenous Peoples: The Nine Tribes of Mataatua in the Bay of Plenty region of Aotearoa New Zealand convened the First International Conference on the Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples, (12-18 June 1993, Whakatane). Over 150 delegates from fourteen countries attended, including indigenous representatives from Ainu (Japan), Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, India, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Surinam, USA and Aotearoa. The Conference met over six days to consider a range of significant issues, including; the value of indigenous knowledge, biodiversity and biotechnology, customary environmental management, arts, music, language and other physical and spiritual cultural forms. On the final day, the following Declaration was passed by the Plenary. PREAMBLE Recognising that 1993 is the United Nations International Year for the World's Indigenous Peoples: Reaffirming the undertaking of United Nations Member States to: "Adopt or strengthen appropriate policies and/or legal instruments that will protect indigenous intellectual and cultural property and the right to preserve customary and administrative systems and practices." - United Nations Conference on Environmental Development: UNCED Agenda 21 (26.4b)

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