21. Algeria Chinese and algerian governments have held four sessions up until now. on Medical and Health Cooperation between Chinese and algerian government. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/xybfs/gjlb/2798/default.htm

22. UrbanRail.Net > Africa > ALGER Métro (Algiers - Algeria) In June 1981, The algerian government decided to introduce a metro The algerian government introduced the tramway project as part of its 2002 economic http://www.urbanrail.net/af/algiers.htm

ALGER Algeria The Algiers Metro Project by Monia Denine Situation Analysis In June 1981, The Algerian government decided to introduce a metro underground system in the capital, which cannot still "see the end of the tunnel." In 1986 Algeria's economy faced some difficulties because of the collapse of oil prices. The government's first reaction was to freeze the metro project, which was then estimated to cost 5.2 billion dinars (£ 49.590.000). The Algiers metro is supposed to be made of 3 lines containing 54-stations: The first line would link Aïn Allah to Gué de Constantine via El-Biar, downtown Algiers and Aïn Naadja. The second line would start in the Grande Poste in downtown linking the Annassers plateau, Badjarah, El-Harrach and Bab Ezzouar. The third line would link Hussein Dey and Ain Allah via the Annassers. The line linking Hai El-Badr to Oued Koureich is to be built in two stages. The first stage would link Hai El-Bard to downtown in the Grand Poste area. This route is a 9 kilometre tunnel with 10 stations. The second stage is the continuation of the first route with a 3.5 kilometre tunnel between the Emir Abdelkader area and the neighbourhood of Oued Koreiche. A total of 6 stations will be built on this second route. The stations that are with completion rates of 97% are: Aissat Idir, Place du 1er Mai, Tafourah, Grande Poste.Stations like Khelifa Boukhalfa and Hamma will be completed by 2003.

23. Keesing's Worldwide Online - Hot Topics: Harkis 23, 1963, that the algerian government had granted the International Red Cross complete freedom to inspect the internment camps; he claimed that the harkis http://www.keesings.com/hot_topics/harkis/

Home About Us Print Products Electronic Products ... Trial Overview Hot Topics: Harkis July 1991 Violent disturbances erupted during June and July in the Mediterranean port of Narbonne, among groups of Harkisethnic Algerians who had acquired French citizenship after fighting for France in the Algerian independence struggle. Protesting against what they described as years of neglect by the French authorities, young militants among the 420,000-strong community engaged in repeated clashes with police, and some 15 people were injured on July 23-25. Despite efforts by older Harkis to moderate the militant groups, and despite government promises to examine their claims, racial tensions continued to grow as the month progressed. On July 24 a group of paratroopers received suspended sentences in nearby Carcassonne for attacking North African immigrants with clubs. September 1975 Kidnapping of Algerians by "Harkis". - Government Proposals to phase out "Harki" Camps In addition to the difficulties described above, Franco-Algerian relations also had to contend with the problem of the "harkis "-the Moslem Algerians who had fought on the French side during the war of independence, had opted for French nationality and had since lived in France, mostly in southern French ghettoes. Numbering (with their dependants) over 200,000, the harkis maintained that they received insufficient assistance from the French Government and also attacked the Algerian Government for its policy of refusing them entry except on a case-by-case basis and for refusing to let members of their families still in Algeria join them in France.

24. Algeria 1997 The GIA becomes the main rebel group fighting the algerian government 1999 The GIA and the AIS approve peace talks with the algerian government http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/algeria.html

To advertise on this space Per inserzioni pubblicitarie Um hier Werbung zu machen Algeria All the news not fit to print To advertise on this space Per inserzioni pubblicitarie Editorial correspondence ... The Algerian war (May 2002) Algeria vs democracy The National Liberation Front (FLN), under the leadership of prime minister Ali Benflis, won the majority in the May 2002 parliamentary elections. The FLN has held power in Algeria ever since Algeria became independent. Despite widespread electoral fraud in 1997 and 1999, Algeria is one of the few Arab countries in which people can actually cast a vote (votes are not necessarily counted, but it's a beginning). In 1997 the winner was the National Democratic Rally (RND), president Zeroual's party, followed by the FLN. In 1999 Abdelaziz Bouteflika (leader of the FLN) was elected president (after all other candidates withdrew or were disqualified from the elections). Opposition leaders claim that both elections were flawed, and they are probably right. To protest those "flaws", opposition parties did not participate in this latest election. Neither did the Berbers of the Kabylie province (which are to Algeria what the the Palestinians are to Israel, except they don't blow up civilians). 150,000 people, mostly civilians, have been killed since 1992, when civil war was triggered by a military coup that canceled the parliamentary elections won by the radical Islamist party (at the time, the West tacitly approved the suppression of democratic rule).

25. ALGERIA AT THE BRINK The French government has been divided in its Algerian policy, The official response by the algerian government has been unreservedly negative. http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF_32/forum32.html

Number 32, June 1995 Algeria at the Brink Author: William Lewis, Senior Fellow Note: Conclusions Background ... Recommendations European Perspectives Within southern European capitals, quiet consultations have been initiated to prepare contingency plans should the government in Algiers collapse under Islamic radical pressures. The betting at present is that such a denouement is not imminent, nor do the governments of France, Italy, and Spain share the sentiment of Willy Claes, NATO's Secretary-General, who publicly suggested in March that radical Islam constitutes the biggest threat to the West, taking over where communism has left off. (He has since receded from this view.) Nevertheless, all three of these NATO member states are fearful that a takeover of Algeria by radical Islamic groups would have dire consequences: Widening conflict would produce massive refugee flows to France, Italy and Spain beyond the capacities of the three to absorb; Algeria, inevitably, would become a center for support of radical Islamic groups in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt, attempting to destabilize these countries and, ultimately, adding to the already heavy economic and social burdens of southern Europe. The French government has been divided in its Algerian policy, with the foreign ministry urging a negotiated settlement and the defense ministry supporting the Algerian military. However, confidence in the latter has eroded witness declining French economic aid and the newly installed Chirac presidency may tilt policy in favor of a negotiated settlement. The primary challenge, from the perspective of southern Europe's governments, is to develop an appropriate strategy to cope with a looming crisis laden with far-reaching consequences for their own political and economic orders. To date, NATO's northern European members have evinced little inclination to fashion approaches to deal with Algeria's political turbulence.

26. Islamic Radicalism In North Africa Force Works, For Now The governments of Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco have probably reached Their answer was similar to that of the algerian governmentexclusion from http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF_88/forum88.html

Number 88, October 1996 Islamic Radicalism in North Africa Force Works, For Now by William H. Lewis and Judith S. Yaphe Conclusions Islamists in the Arab states of North Africa are having little success in gaining political power. This is due to repressive security measures and popular despair over the violence on both sides, especially in Algeria and Egypt. Islamists in Algeria lost the presidential election held in November 1995, and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt bowed to government tactics of arrests and a ban on political activity in elections held last fall. The governments of Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco have probably reached a plateau in their use of intimidation tactics against Islamist critics. They seem to lack the imagination or will to try new, less dire strategies for dealing with opponents. As long as coercion seems to work, they will have little incentive to reform. As the more violent Islamic radical movements lose momentum, the risk increases that they will carry their struggle abroad. Over the past year, Egyptian diplomats in Europe and South Asia have been the targets of terrorist attacks, and Algerian extremists have been responsible for terrorism in France. Except for Egypt, which receives nearly $2 billion in U.S. aid each year, the United States has little economic investment and minimal military or diplomatic commitments in the region. Governmental use of repression poses a longer-term challenge to U.S. interests, however, as it opposes a key traditional pillar of U.S. foreign policy: the global promotion of democracy and human rights.

27. Online NewsHour: Algerian Crisis -- October 1, 1997 A conflict between Muslim fundamentalists and the algerian government continue And definitely, I would urge the algerian government to take a much more http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july-dec97/algeria_10-1.html

ALGERIAN CRISIS October 1, 1997 NEWSHOUR TRANSCRIPT Since 1992, Algeria has been crippled by political violence, with over 60,000 deaths resulting from massacres, assassinations and bombings. Although one of the armed rebel groups scheduled a truce to begin today, it is unclear whether violence will in fact end. After a background report by Charles Krause, a journalist and a professor analyze causes and possible solutions to the crisis. A RealAudio version of this segment is available. NEWSHOUR LINKS: January 22, 1997 A conflict between Muslim fundamentalists and the Algerian government continue to extract a price from this African nation. Browse the NewsHour's coverage of Africa. OUTSIDE LINKS Amnesty Internationl Condemns Algerian Killings An overview of Algeria CHARLES KRAUSE: Some 60,000 people have died and thousands more have been injured as a result of the political violence that’s consumed Algeria since 1992. Massacres, assassinations, and bombings have become a fact of daily life as Islamic militants battle Algeria’s secular government for control of what was once one of North Africa’s most peaceful and sophisticated countries. The bombings began five years ago shortly after Algeria’s first free election since it gained independence from France in the early 60's. Algeria’s leading Muslim Party, called the Islamic Salvation Party, or FIS, won a stunning victory in the first round of voting. But then Algeria’s military-backed government voided the results and installed its own president to stop the religious party from taking power. Islamic militants have been battling the government ever since. Much of the violence has reportedly been initiated by a shadowy force called the Armed Islamic group, one of several armed guerrilla groups operating in the country today.

28. INTSOK: The Algerian Government The algerian government has its own website in French with links to ministries and other Click here to open The algerian government in a new window http://www.intsok.no/PHP/index.php?id=375

29. HIRC Statement The algerian government, fearing that the FIS would establish a theocratic While never losing sight of its original enemy, the algerian government, http://wwwc.house.gov/international_relations/109/vid030305.htm

Committee on International Relations U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515-0128 Testimony of Lorenzo Vidino Before the House Committee on International Relations Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Nonproliferation “Algeria’s Struggle Against Terrorism” March 3, 2005 Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman and Mr. Vice-Chairman, and thank you for the opportunity to discuss the situation in Algeria with you today. Today’s hearing is particularly important given the similarity of the threat faced by Algeria and the United States. While the United States has not faced the massive wave of violence that led Algeria into civil war, the forces that America is fighting today throughout the world belong to the same radical Islamist movement that has been trying to destroy Algeria’s institutions and civil society. The GIA and the GSPC, the two main groups that have battled the Algerian government for the last fifteen years, have strong ideological, financial and operational ties to al Qaeda and have been behind several attacks against US interests throughout the world. Algerian Islamists have created an extensive worldwide network of terrorist cells that has been used by al Qaeda to franchise its operations. While it is undeniable that Algeria’s record on human rights in the past has been far from impeccable, the country is one of America’s closest allies in a region where America desperately needs help. Algeria’s fifteen year experience in fighting Islamic radicals can help the United States in its War on Terror as the US and Algeria are bound together by a common enemy.

30. HIRC Statement During that press conference, I commended the algerian government for ending The algerian government naturally had much useful information to share with http://wwwc.house.gov/international_relations/109/cra030305.htm

Committee on International Relations U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515-0128 TESTIMONY OF LORNE W. CRANER PRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AND NONPROLIFERATION COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS “ALGERIA’S STRUGGLE AGAINST TERRORISM” MARCH 3, 2005 Mr. Chairman, members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to testify today. It is a great pleasure to appear before you in my first hearing since leaving the State Department last August. Mr. Chairman, I want to give you special thanks for all you have done to advance human rights and democracy around the world, particularly on the African continent. I look forward to continuing to work with you in the future. I am not, as you know, an expert on Algeria. What I can offer is a comparative perspective on the advances in Algeria’s democratization and human rights versus other nations in the region and elsewhere. Given Algeria’s recent history, and its critical role as an ally in the war on terror, I also have some thoughts on weighing our interests in the relationship, an issue I spent much time on at the State Department in the years after 9/11. A friend of mine who lives in North Africa recently noted that Algeria lies between Morocco and Tunisia, and he wasn’t talking only about geography. Morocco has for some years, including before 9/11, been liberalizing its political system, and is today regarded as a leader in the Arab world in making progress on human rights and democracy. By contrast, Tunisia, which has made great advances over the past few decades in economic reforms and the rights of women can fairly be said to fall in a category with other politically repressive states in the Middle East. In between lies Algeria.

31. US And Algeria: Just Flirting So for much of 19921995 the US was aloof toward the algerian government and discreetly met with FIS representatives in Europe or the US. http://mondediplo.com/2002/07/08algeria

subscribe back issues search maps ... July 2002 Contents Rights for the children The new world disorder Treaties and agreements: a check list A chemical coup ... The Chemical Weapons Convention US and Algeria: just flirting Slow Thursday in Annaba The night Nasser nationalised the Suez canal From Nasser to Mubarak Can Africa really unify? ... Coming to a screen near you FORTY YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE, VIOLENCE AND IMPOVERISHMENT US and Algeria: just flirting By William B Quandt NOBODY could have imagined a few years ago that the commander of the United States Sixth Fleet would make an official visit to Algiers, or that President Abdelaziz Bouteflika would be received by President Bush in the Oval Office twice in four months. Does this suggest that the US and Algeria are developing a strategic partnership, as is often mentioned by the Algerian president? The cancellation of the second round of legislative elections in January 1992 was a dilemma for the US. The move was clearly non-democratic, but the likely winner of the election, the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), was outspokenly anti-American as a result of the Gulf war of 1991. Some members of the US administration were convinced that the FIS would eventually come to power and that the US should pragmatically maintain ties to the FIS, even after it was banned by the new Algerian government. Reluctant reformer But in late 1995 US policy began to change. With the election of President Liamine Zeroual, the State Department decided to try to re-engage with the top political leadership in Algiers. There had been few high-level meetings in previous years, but this gradually changed. Zeroual turned out to be a reluctant reformer at best, and those Americans who met him were not positive about him.

32. Algerian Government Refuses To Lift Restrictions On Balhah algerian government refuses to lift restrictions on Balhah, Algeria, Politics. ArabicNews.com Your source for Daily News about the Arabic world. http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/031226/2003122613.html

Today's Front Page This Edition's Front Page Search Archives News Calendar ... Apply for sales job Algerian government refuses to lift restrictions on Balhah Algeria, Politics, 12/26/2003 The Algerian authorities refused a request proposed by an Islamic party, to lift the sanctions off Ali Balhah, the deputy chairman of the banned Islamic Front For Salvation, who was released July this year, after he had spent 12 years in a military jail. The prominent member for the national reforms movement which leads the Islamic factions, Hassan Oreibi, said in a parliament session attended by the minister of justice al-Tayeb Bal A'ez that the sanctions imposed on Ali Balhah, that limit him from practicing any political activity, are legally baseless. Oreibi explained that Balhah, who was interrogated by the police twice after his release under the charge of violating the ban, found himself after his release jailed once again under other accusations, noting that the man issued no Fatwa (religious rulings) of bloodshed, and that everything attributed to him in this regard is baseless. But he minister of justice said in his reply that Balhah was jailed because it was proved he violated national security, and conspired against the state, and over damaging the national economy.

33. Algerian Government To Solve Appointed Municipalities In Al-Kbyle Area algerian government to solve appointed municipalities in alKbyle area, Algeria, Politics. ArabicNews.com - Your source for Daily News about the Arabic http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/050718/2005071818.html

Today's Front Page This Edition's Front Page Search Archives News Calendar ... Apply for sales job Algerian government to solve appointed municipalities in al-Kbyle area Algeria, Politics, 7/18/2005 Algerian government decided to desolve the municipal council which was appointed, rather than elected in the Kbyle area (Berbers area) during the local elections for 2002, and to give this area new elections whose date was not set yet. The Algerian government decided following the elections of October 2002 to appoint municipal council in ten municipalities in Kbyle area after the majority of the citizens boycotted the voting in response to the call by Tanseqeyat al-Oroush. "Ardeyat al-Qaser" was formed following bloody clashes that lasted for weeks between the Algerian security forces and thousands of ethnic Berber group in Kbyle area while they were protesting the killing of one Berber student called Masinsia Qarmah on April 18, 2001, and the confrontations that resulted in killing more 126 persons. The announcement for desolving the municipal councils in the provinces of Tezi Ozo, Bajaya, Bumerdas, and al-Bweira comes according to a presidential decree, meeting one of the conditions between the Algerian government and what is called "Tanseqeyat al-Oroush" in Kbyle area in their negotiations on the list of demands known as "Ardeyat al-Qaser"( the playground for the palace).

34. Aman Daily News Algeria. June 19, 2002 1213 Five women in new algerian government. Albawaba.com. Five women including a prominent women s rights campaigner joined the http://www.amanjordan.org/english/daily_news/wmview.php?ArtID=219

35. Algeria: History the moderate leader of the GPRA, formed the initial algerian government, mounted a rebellion against the new Arabdominated algerian government. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0856564.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 18, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Algeria (Africa) google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Algeria History To the Early Nineteenth Century The earliest recorded inhabitants of Algeria were Berber-speaking peoples who by the 2d millennium B.C.

36. BBC NEWS | Africa | Algeria's 'export Of Terror' He said that Britain was now receiving help from the algerian government. But the algerian government and some intelligence agencies claim that it has http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2802839.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Newswatch LANGUAGES Last Updated: Wednesday, 26 February, 2003, 22:44 GMT Email this to a friend Printable version Algeria's 'export of terror' The effects of Algeria's civil war are now being felt abroad too With alleged Algerian extremists facing terror charges across Europe, the BBC's Andrew Hosken visits Algeria to investigate how the country's long civil conflict has changed the nature of Islamic militancy. It has been called "La Sale guerre" (the Dirty War), a civil war fought with astonishing ferocity that has lasted more than a decade. Around 150,000 people have been massacred in Algeria since 1993. The latest atrocity occurred on 11 February when 12 people were murdered at a bogus road block near the village of Hameur El Ain in the Tipaza region, 70 kilometres (44 miles) outside of Algiers. It is becoming clear that the Sale guerre is not just a matter for the Algerians but that it may now have spilled over into Europe Again the authorities blamed "Islamic extremists". The truth is more chilling. The militants and the army have long blamed each other for the killings.

37. BBC News | MONITORING | Iranian Speaker Blames Algerian Government For Massacres Iranian parliament Speaker Ali Akbar NateqNuri has accused the algerian government of being behind the massacres in the country. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/monitoring/newsid_46000/46569.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Monitoring Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Sunday, 11 January, 1998, 16:04 GMT Iranian Speaker blames Algerian government for massacres Iranian parliament Speaker Ali Akbar Nateq-Nuri has accused the Algerian government of being behind the massacres in the country. Quoted by Iranian radio, Nateq-Nuri told the Majlis on Sunday that the Algerian government was "obscenely slaughtering Muslims" with the aid of the West. "The Algerian government, assisted by direct intervention by the Westerners - who cannot tolerate the Muslims' victory - obscenely and shamelessly slaughters Muslims by embarking on inhuman acts. "An unidentified armed group attacks a village, beheads more than 400 people and martyrs a group under torture. Evidence shows that it is the government that has armed the group and set them against Muslims," he said, quoted by the radio. Nateq-Nuri also attacked the double standards of the West in its approach to human rights in Iran and Algeria. He also told the Majlis that the Algerian government placed the blame for the massacres on Islamic extremists.

38. Algeria Special Weapons The algerian government established the Commissariat for New Energy (Commissariat aux Énergies Nouvelles) in 1982 to develop nuclear energy, solar energy, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/algeria/

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39. Militants Massacre Civilians, Algerian Government Says CRAIG R. WHITNEY, Militants Massacre Civilians, algerian government Says, New York Times, August 30, 1997. PARIS One of the worst massacres in almost http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/massacre.htm

CRAIG R. WHITNEY, "Militants Massacre Civilians, Algerian Government Says," New York Times, August 30, 1997 PARIS One of the worst massacres in almost five years of war between the military-backed authorities in Algeria and their militant Muslim opponents took the lives of at least 98 inhabitants in hamlets south of Algiers overnight, the Algerian government said Friday. Witnesses and hospital workers told journalists that as many as 300 might have been killed in a night of carnage when armed attackers moved in and slit the throats of men, women and children, leaving the heads of some of the victims on their doorsteps after they left. Algerian journalists who went to the scene, in the village of Rais near Sidi Moussa, an Islamic stronghold that has been the site of many smaller killings in the past, reported seeing scores of burned bodies, some of them decapitated, lying in the streets Friday morning. The authorities blamed the Armed Islamic Group, a militant organization spawned after the army's cancellation of an election in early 1992 that the now-banned Islamic Salvation Front appeared certain to win. The civil war that followed has killed an estimated 60,000 people. What happened in Sidi Moussa overnight may have produced the highest single toll of the conflict, which continues day after day, week after week, with car-bombings, assassinations and mass killings. On Thursday, two bombings, in the port city of Oran and in Algiers, took 18 lives. On Tuesday, 64 people were reported killed in another massacre in the mountain hamlet of Beni Ali, 40 miles south of the capital.

40. World Markets Analysis - Sample Pages Pending Legislation, The algerian government shelved a draft oil and gas law in April Algeria (Energy) Oil Gas Government Policy Recent Updates http://www.worldmarketsanalysis.com/wma_sample_pages/site_pages/WEOSampCtrOGGP.h

Country Report - Algeria (Energy) This information was last revised on Fri 20 Feb 2004 Algeria is continuing to pursue foreign investment in all sectors of its oil and gas industry through a combination of restructuring of state oil company Sonatrach and speeding up the negotiation and approval process on upstream and downstream contracts. There are some 30 international oil companies (IOCs) already active in the oil and gas sectors, from exploration through to production and processing. Licensing rounds are continuing on an annual basis and the fourth round is planned for early 2004. The government did take initial steps towards the partial privatisation of its oil and gas sector, but this policy suffered a major setback in April 2003 when the draft reform bill was put on hold. Plans to increase oil output have been hit by the tough OPEC quotas, but Algeria is now openly breaking its quota and calling for a redistribution of these as new discoveries begin to come online.  Policy Objectives Export Driven: The main thrust of Algerian energy policy is to expand oil and gas production for export and add new reserves. To this end the government has welcomed foreign investment since 1986, when foreign companies were able to sign Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs) and participation contracts with Sonatrach.

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