41. GENETICS OF THE RINGNECK DOVE: Albino Note that I classified 1905 squabs from 153 matings for albinism. (In Japanesewith an English resume). Japanese Jour. genetics, 8 118. http://www.ringneckdove.com/Wilmer's WebPage/Gen_rn/Gen_RN/GEN_RN2.HTM

Dove Colors and Genetics Genetics of the Ringneck Dove. I. Overview II. Albino III. Ivory IV. Pied ... Return to Wilmer's Main Page GENETICS OF THE RINGNECK DOVE, Streptopelia risoria II. Description of mutants ALBINO, an autosomal recessive. Gene symbol = al. Adapted from ADAN Sep-Oct 1984: 3-5 This color originally occurred in Japan. It was described by Tange, 1932, 1949. Dr. Hollander and I imported it in 1967 from Dr. Takao Kashiwabara, Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Fac. of Agric. Ibaraki University, Tsuchiura, Japan. He sent us 3 males and 3 females, but evidently they were so inbred that they failed to produce a pure bred strain. Only after outcrosses with our ringnecks did we reextract the albino with high fertility. This was the source of my J strain of birds and all albino ringnecks in the U.S., so far as I know. By definition, albino is the absence of melanin. In some species other pigments such as xanthophylls or carotonoids are present. An albino red-winged black bird, for example, could have red and yellow epaulets. But in the ringneck dove and domestic pigeon also, feather and eye pigments are only melanin, so albinos are white with pink eyes. The albino squab when first hatched is difficult to distinguish from white, or even from the ivory-rosy = cream combination.

42. EMedicine - Ocular Manifestations Of Albinism : Article By Mohammed O Peracha, M Ocular Manifestations of albinism albinism refers to a group of hereditarydisorders that Spritz RA Molecular genetics of oculocutaneous albinism. http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic260.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Ophthalmology Ophthalmology For The General Practitioner Ocular Manifestations of Albinism Last Updated: September 13, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: albinism, oculocutaneous albinism, ocular albinism, melanin, pigmentation abnormality AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 9 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Mohammed O Peracha, MD , Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University Coauthor(s): Dean Eliott, MD , Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University Enrique Garcia-Valenzuela, MD, PhD , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary; Consulting Staff, Vitreo-Retinal Surgery, Midwest Retina Consultants, SC, Parkside Center Mohammed O Peracha, MD, is a member of the following medical societies:

43. Albinism And Melanosomal Abnormalities MIME albinismgenetics; Analysis-of-Variance; Cell-Differentiation; Genes,-Lethal;Genotype-; MIME albinism-genetics; albinism-veterinary; Light-; http://whitedobes.doberinfo.com/melanosome.html

Facts about Albino Dobermans Albinism and Melanosomal Abnormalities Cole, D. E. (1985). Occulocutaneous hypopigmentation of Angus cattle. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, 45(10), 3128. 23 Angus cattle with oculocutaneous hypopigmentation had a chocolate-brown haircoat and slate-grey muzzle and teats. Irises were tan-coloured with a pale blue central area around the pupils, which severely constricted during daylight. The cattle were photophobic and reluctant to graze in sunlight, transmission electron microscopy of iris and ciliary body revealed a disorganized melanosomal matrix, immature melanosomes and flocculant melanin, thought to be the cause of the hypopigmentation. It was concluded from breeding trials that this condition was inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait. Back to the main page

44. Albinism: Definition And Much More From Answers.com genetics. In ocularcutaneous albinism, individuals inherit an albinism gene Cats can carry genetic albinism, resulting in white fur and blue eyes. http://www.answers.com/topic/albinism

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Medical WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping albinism Dictionary al·bi·nism ăl bə-nÄ­z əm n. Congenital absence of any pigmentation or coloration in a person, animal, or plant, resulting in white hair and pink eyes in mammals. The condition of being an albino. [French albinisme , from German Albinismus , from Albino , albino, from Portuguese. See albino al bi·nis tic adj. Medical al·bi·nism ăl bə-nÄ­z əm n. Congenital absence of normal pigmentation or coloration in the eyes only or in the skin, hair, and eyes. The condition of being an albino. al bi·not ic -nà t Ä­k adj. WordNet Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words. The noun albinism has one meaning: Meaning #1 the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair Wikipedia albinism Albinism is a genetic condition resulting in a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. It is an inherited condition arising from the combination of recessive genes passed from both parents of an individual. A variety of problems with photosensitivity in

45. AZ Genetics / Genetics Primer We began our study by looking at albinism. In guppies, as in many fish, albinism is (eg albino or full color), while the genotype describes the genetic http://www.arihood.com/azgenetics/genprimr3.html

Genetics Primer Terms Basics Dominance Appearances Calculations Appearances Ok. Now we have a basis for calculating our expectations. We have gone over how to create a graph of expectations using the pair of genes from both parents. For a refresher on this, click here. For now, however, we turn our attention to the differences between what is perceived (seen) and what is reality (genetic). In the real world guppy genetics is very complex and in some strains is still not fully understood, so if you are having problems with a strain take heart! Even the pros don't fully understand guppies! We began our study by looking at albinism. In guppies, as in many fish, albinism is incomplete. This means that not all melanins (pigment, if you will) are suppressed, only those for black and brown are masked. There are two more terms that will be useful now. They are phenotype and genotype . A phenotype describes the physical appearance (e.g. albino or full color), while the genotype describes the genetic structure (e.g. CC, Cc or cc). It's easy to remember which means what if you remember that " PH " goes with PH enotype and PH ysical, and that "

46. Rick Guidotti - Responses To POSITIVE EXPOSURE June 6 Switzerland and Germany Documentary aired albinism and PE Weill MedicalCollege of Cornell, First year medical students, genetics Program http://www.rickguidotti.com/lectures.htm

Lectures, Exhibitions and Initiatives Smithsonian Exhibition Conde Nast Lobby Gallery POSITIVE EXPOSURE SCHEDULE 2005 March-April Exhibit University of Michigan April 27-30 Cincinnati PRISMS (Smith-Magenis) Conference May 4 Philadelphia Temple University Lecture May12-22 London, Scotland, Ireland Albinism Fellowship Portraits May 26-31 Orlando, FL Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous Conference June 6 Jarrettsville, MD Teachers Roundtable June 6 Switzerland and Germany Documentary aired Albinism and PE June 6-9 Boston, MA Perkins School for the Blind Presentation June 10-21 London Albinism Fellowship Family Picnic June 22-24 Schaumburg, IL IDEAS IsoDicentric 15+ Conference June 24-25 St. Louis MI Costello Syndrome Conference July 10-14 Denver, CO Chromosome 18 Conference July 14-18 St. Paul, MN Noonan Syndrome Conference July 21-24 Hershey, PA Sturge-Weber Conference July 27-31 Rochester, NY SOFT Conference August 4-7 St Louis, MI Marfan Syndrome Conference August 19 DC American Psychological Association lecture August 23-26 Mount Union, PA NOAH Family Summer Camp

47. Genetics The following problems relate to albinism a represents the gene for albinism, If their first child was an albino what would their (the parents) http://www.3rd1000.com/tests/mono1.htm

Genetics - Monohybrid Problems The following problems relate to albinism "a" represents the gene for albinism, "A" represents the gene for normal pigmentation. 1. If in humans, AA marries aa, what would be the expected genotypes and phenotypes, and their expected ratio (if more than one type appears) on the assumption that there are many children? 2. Aa marries aa. There are many children. What would be the expected types and ratios? 3. Aa marries Aa. If there are many children, what would the types and ratios expected be? 4. aa marries aa. What would the expected types and ratios be? 5. A normally pigmented man marries an albino woman. If their first child was an albino what would their (the parents) genotype and their child's genotype be? If they have more children what other genotypes could there be? 6. An albino man marries normally pigmented woman. They have 13 children all of whom are normally pigmented. What are the probable genotypes of the children and parents? 7. A normally pigmented man whose father was an albino marries an albino woman both of whose parents were normally pigmented. They have three children, two normally pigmented and one albino. List each of these persons and give their probable genotypes.

48. Population Genetics But how often does albinism occur in a whole population? Population genetics canbe used to answer such questions. Before going any further, make sure you http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~rwinning/genetics/populat.htm

Population Genetics Overview Alleles of a gene don't all exist at an equal frequency within a population. Some alleles are far more common than others, and these frequencies may change over time in response to external forces. Population genetics studies the frequencies of alleles within a population, and the probabilities of inheriting a particular trait based on those frequencies. This branch of genetics also looks at the forces that can affect allele frequency. Objectives Know the meanings of the terms 'population' and 'gene pool'. Understand that not all alleles are present at equal frequencies within a population. Know what the Hardy-Weinberg principle states, know the Hardy-Weinberg equation, and be able to use the equation to calculate the allele frequencies of the next generation of a population (to determine if the population is in equilibrium). Know the factors that can affect allele frequency, and how they affect allele frequency. Up to this point in the course, we have used the principles of genetics to calculate the probabilities of an individual inheriting a particular trait from its parents. What we didn't consider in such calculations is how frequently such a trait might occur in an entire

49. Albino In conclusion, albinism is not a very well studied mutation in genetics so thereisn t very much information out there and the definition of an albino is http://www.compusmart.ab.ca/kbush/albino.htm

What is an Albino? The following information comes from Gilbert, S. F. 2000. Developmental Biology Sixth Edition. Swarthmore College. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A. The albino gene in rabbits (From Griffiths, A.J., Miller, J.H., Suzuki, D.T., Lewontin, R.C., and Gelbart, W.M. 1996. An introduction to Genetic Analysis Sixth Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York U.S.A) . Variants of the "C" gene in rabbits can lead to 4 genotypes: full colour (CC, Cc ch , Cc h ,or Cc), chinchilla (c ch c ch , c ch c h ,or c ch c), Himalayan (c h c h or c h c), and albino (cc). As you can see, the "C" gene is involved in a dominance hierarchy. The Full Colour gene "C" is dominant to the Chinchilla gene "c ch " which is dominant to the Himalayan (albino with black extremities) gene "c h " which is in turn dominant to the Albino gene "c". Q: What can cause the albino phenotype? A: Mutations - mutations in an individual occur in either the somatic tissue (tissue not associated with the gonads and germ cell production) or the germinal tissue (tissue associated with the gonads and germ cell production) (From Griffiths, A.J., Miller, J.H., Suzuki, D.T., Lewontin, R.C., and Gelbart, W.M. 1996. An introduction to Genetic Analysis Sixth Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York U.S.A)

50. Singapore Science Centre ScienceNet Life Sciences Genetics albinism arises from a genetic defect resulting in the body s inability tosynthesize tyrosinase, an enzyme that is necessary for the production of melanin. http://www.science.edu.sg/ssc/detailed.jsp?artid=6289&type=6&root=4&parent=4&cat

51. Genetics genetics is the study of heredity. If you understand genetics you will be able to albinism is caused by a mutant gene carried by about 1 person in 1000. http://www.purchon.com/biology/genetics.htm

Genetics Gondar Design Biology Genetics is the study of heredity. If you understand genetics you will be able to work out why you look like each of your parents and your siblings (brothers and sisters) but are not exactly like any one of them: unless you have an identical twin. Don't be worried in the exam if you are given an example which you have not studied: if you understand the principles you will probably find GCSE question on genetics quite easy. Don't you just hate it when you are lying in your pram gurgling away and all your dad's family come up and say "Ooooh doesn't he look just like his dad?" and then all your mum's family come and say "Oooh doesn't she look just like her mum?". None of them studied genetics! Index DNA Genes and Alleles Chromosomes Inheritance of Sex ... Glossary All living things inherit their characteristics in very much the same way. What you learn here is true for all animals, green plants and fungi. There a some differences in the mechanisms in prokaryotes even though they use DNA as we do. This page is just about inheritance in Eukaryotes, i.e. those things with proper nuclei. (animals, green plants and fungi.)

52. Albinism Picture of Young Girl About one in every 17000 people have albinism. interests in clinical genetics, molecular biology, ophthalmology, dermatology, http://www.lowvision.org/albinism.htm

Albinism About one in every 17,000 people have Albinism. These individuals fail to produce melanin, a photoprotective pigment. While melanin's role in protecting us from ultraviolet light is understood, it also has other important functions in the development of the retina and brain and their interconnection of which we know much less.. Macular Hypoplasia: The fovea a tiny area in the center of the macula region of the retina, the most sensitive area of vision in the retina fails to fully develop. Iris Color and Transillumination: The pigmentation of iris and choroid may be lacking causing light to penetrate directly through the structures of the eye rather than only through the pupil. In some cases the iris may be pink. Skin and Hair Hypopigmentation: Hair and eyelashes may be under pigmented. In ocular albinism, the hair and skin pigmmentation may not be effected. Nystagmus, a jerky motion to the eyes is usually present. Strabismus: Often the eyes may not work together as a binocular team. An eye may cross in or turn out. Brain Retina Connections: The pathways from the retina to brain may follow different pathways than in non-albinos.

53. NEJM -- Mutations Of The P Gene In Oculocutaneous Albinism, Ocular Albinism, And Background Type II (tyrosinasepositive) oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal Address reprint requests to Dr. Spritz at 317 Laboratory of genetics, http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/330/8/529

// var NTPT_PGEXTRA = ''; // var NTPT_PGREFTOP = false; // var NTPT_NOINITIALTAG = false; HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 330:529-534 February 24, 1994 Number 8 Next Mutations of the P Gene in Oculocutaneous Albinism, Ocular Albinism, and Prader-Willi Syndrome Plus Albinism Seung-Taek Lee, Robert D. Nicholls, Sarah Bundey, Renata Laxova, Maria Musarella, and Richard A. Spritz Full Text Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend ... PubMed Citation ABSTRACT Background Type II (tyrosinase-positive) oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder that has recently been mapped to chromosome segment 15q11-q13. The frequency of this disorder is greatly increased in patients with Prader-Willi or Angelman syndrome, both of which involve deletions of chromosome 15q. The P protein is a transmembrane polypeptide that may transport small molecules such as tyrosine, the precursor of melanin. The P gene is located in chromosome segment 15q11-q13. Methods We studied the tyrosinase and P genes in three patients with type II oculocutaneous albinism, one of whom also had Prader-Willi

54. NEJM -- Sign In Molecular genetics of oculocutaneous albinism. Semin Dermatol1993;12167172.Medline; Scialfa AC. Ocular albinism in a female. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/330/8/529

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55. Syndromic Albinism: A Review Of Genetics And Phenotypes. Syndromic albinism a review of genetics and phenotypes.There are several syndromesof albinism associated with systemic pathology. http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/gp/10137974.html

Syndromic albinism : a review of genetics and phenotypes.There are several syndromes of albinism associated with systemic pathology. These include Chediak-Higashi Syndrome CHS ), Hermansky-Pudlack Syndrome (HPS), Griscelli Syndrome (GS), Elejalde Syndrome (ES) and Cross-McKusick-Breen Syndrome (CMBS). In the last several years the genetic defects underlying some of these syndromes have been described. HPS is related to 7 genes in humans. GS is related to 3 genes: MYOVA, Rab-27A, and melanophilin Mlph CHS is related to one gene: LYST The genetic defects in ES and CMBS are yet to be defined. Syndromic forms of albinism are associated with defects in the packaging of melanin and other cellular proteins. As such they are distinct from oculocutaneous albinism , which is associated with defects in the production of melanin (e.g., , P gene, and tyrosinase iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins Robert Hoffmann

56. Comparative Genetics Of Albinism. Comparative genetics of albinism. albinism in laboratory mammals is equivalentto human tyrosinasenegative oculocutaneous albinism, and thus the result of http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/gp/6546785.html

Comparative genetics of albinism Albinism in laboratory mammals is equivalent to human tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism , and thus the result of recessive mutation in the structural locus for tyrosinase TYR ), which prevents melanin biosynthesis. In the mouse, eight mutant alleles are now known at this locus, with differing effects on eye colour and on the degree of reduction in eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigmentation. Three of these alleles, namely chinchilla, himalayan (acromelanistic) and albino c ) itself, have also been recognized in a number of other species but only albino has been identified in man so far. The himalayan allele (equivalent to Siamese in the cat) is of particular interest because it converts tyrosinase into a thermolabile form, with greater production of melanin in colder areas of the body. The optic track misrouting found in human albinos also occurs in albino alleles in other mammals, which may also show reduced activity and stress responses. The TYR locus is on human chromosome 11, which now has at least 11 loci with homologues on mouse 7.

57. Ocularalbinism Genetic Influence In Ocular Disorders using albinism as a Role Model for Study In addition to albinism a knowledge of genetics is useful in the http://www.marchon.com/Prof. Courses/Ocular Albinism/ocularalbinism.html

Ocular Albinism Scroll down to review course CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM Table of Contents Introduction Instructions About the Author Credits ... Answer Sheet Introduction This special issue dealing with genetic disorders of the eye is the first in our series of home-study, continuing education courses for optometrists. If you would like to receive future lessons for CECs or simply for their interest and benefit, we invite you to contact your Marchon sales representative or write directly to Marchon for a free copy. Ocular albinism is purely and typically genetic in nature. So your investigation of albinism actually serves as prototype for studying and understanding the basic principles behind other inherited eye diseases; for example, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and color-vision deficiency. But our text offers more: In addition to contributing to your understanding of genetic eye diseases in general, our updated material on albinism can be put to use clinically in your everyday optometric practice. This will prove to be especially useful in cases of "hidden" albinism. Details on how to carry out the multiple-choice examination are spelled out below. Note that, by obtaining a passing grade on the lesson's optional, multiple-choice examination, you will be entitled to two hours of continuing education credits toward your annual State Board relicensing. However, even if you're not looking for CECs and you don't intend to qualify, why not test your knowledge of the subject by taking the Q-and-A test for your own enlightenment and satisfaction?

58. Institute For Molecular Bioscience, Human Genetics Goes To The People The IMB team is investigating a genetic variation causing albinism characterisedby fair skin and hair, and green or blue eyes. http://www.imb.uq.edu.au/?page=13532&pid=

59. Cov Uni - Research And Consultancy - Dr Pat Lund albinism in Zimbabwe. Journal of Medical genetics 33 641644. another isworking on population genetics of albinism among the Venda people of South http://www.corporate.coventry.ac.uk/cms/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=582&a=4655

60. An Interview With Dr. Francis Cress Welsing They lost the color through a genetic mutation to albinism, which genetics definesas a genetic deficiency state and they were forced out of Africa into http://www.africawithin.com/welsing/welsing_interview.htm

Interviews with Dr. Cress Welsing FinalCall.com News Perspectives An interview with Dr. Francis Cress Welsing By FinalCall.com News Updated Nov 26, 2002, 10:15 pm 'Racism is a behavioral system for survival' Dr. Francis Cress Welsing’s pivotal 1991 book, "The Isis Papers: The Keys to the Colors," presented a bold psychoanalysis of the system of racism/White supremacy. Dr. Welsing postulated that White supremacy exists as a behavioral reaction to the genetic recessive state of the White race. Dr. Welsing continues to practice psychiatry in the Washington, D.C. area. She holds a lecture series on the second Thursday of every month that’s free to the public at the Cress-Welsing Institute of Psychiatry and Social Research. She states, "It’s a lecture series where I talk only about racism and aspects of racism." She is currently working on her second book, "The Isis Papers - Volume 2." Dr. Welsing was interviewed by Final Call contributor Barbara Beebe. Q: Do you believe Black people, in general, have a greater understanding/response to White supremacy since the publication of "The Isis Papers?" A: I gave a lecture last night and one of the people said that I had saved her life, based on the understanding that she gained about what was happening in the dynamic of racism. I get many letters from people  people in prison who’ve said that it has helped them understand what has happened to them in their lives and what is currently happening to them.

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