61. South African Literature South African Writers South African Research South african literature at the Questia.com online library. http://www.questia.com/library/literature/literature-of-specific-countries/afric

62. South African Literature: Information From Answers.com South african literature, literary works written in South Africa or written by South Africans living in other countries. http://www.answers.com/topic/south-african-literature

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping South African literature Encyclopedia South African literature, literary works written in South Africa or written by South Africans living in other countries. Populated by diverse ethnic and language groups, South Africa has a distinctive literature in many African languages as well as Afrikaans (a vernacular derived from Dutch) and English. See also African literature Although Afrikaans had emerged as a distinctive language by the mid-18th cent., Dutch remained the official language in government and was compulsory in the schools. The pressure of nationalism led finally to the legal recognition of Afrikaans in 1925, and it replaced Dutch completely. There soon emerged several authors writing in Afrikaans. Notable among them was C. J. Langenhoven, who wrote novels and poems, translated the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam into Afrikaans, and wrote the words of the national anthem. His efforts led to the compilation of an Afrikaans dictionary. Other well-known Afrikaans writers were the poets Christian L. Leipoldt, Christiaan M. van der Heever, and Eugene Marais. A. A. Pienaar under the pseudonym Sangiro wrote nature stories. Uys Krige was extremely versatile; his works include novels, short stories, poems, and plays in both Afrikaans and English. Important poets who have written in Afrikaans include W. E. G. Louw and his brother N. P. van Wyk Louw, Adam Small, Ingred Jonker, and Elisabeth Eybers.

63. MSN Encarta - African Literature Search for books and more related to african literature In the absence of widespread literacy, african literature was primarily oral and passed from one http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555353/African_Literature.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items 20th-century fiction Africa’s ancient writers more... Further Reading Editors' picks for African Literature Search for books and more related to African Literature Encarta Search Search Encarta about African Literature Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, African Literature ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' African Literature Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 8 items Article Outline Introduction Oral Traditions Written Literature I Introduction Print Preview of Section African Literature , oral and written literature produced on the African continent. Africa has a long literary tradition, although very little of this literature was written down until the 20th century. In the absence of widespread literacy, African literature was primarily oral and passed from one generation to the next through memorization and recitation. Most of Africa’s written literature is in European languages, owing to European colonization of the continent from the 16th century to the mid-20th century. During that period European languages supplanted African languages in government, education, business, and, to a great extent, in daily communication. By far the most widely used European language in African literature is English, followed by French and Portuguese, respectively. Works written in African languages and traditional oral texts went virtually unacknowledged until the late 20th century, but today they are receiving increased recognition. Many scholars prefer to speak of African literatures, rather than African literature, to emphasize the many different literary traditions the term encompasses.

64. MSN Encarta - African Literature Search for books and more related to african literature. Encarta Search Members of this class are responsible for african literature in Portuguese. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555353_4/African_Literature.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items 20th-century fiction Africa’s ancient writers more... Further Reading Editors' picks for African Literature Search for books and more related to African Literature Encarta Search Search Encarta about African Literature Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, African Literature ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 4 of 4 African Literature Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 8 items Article Outline Introduction Oral Traditions Written Literature B Lusophone African Literature Writing from Portugal’s former colonies—now Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, S£o Tom© and Pr­ncipe, and Mozambique—is the least extensive and least known of the African literatures in European languages. Portugal’s African empire was small compared with the empires of France and Great Britain, and Lusophone works are not as readily available in English translation as are Francophone works. Portugal’s contact with Africa, the longest of any European country, dates back to the 15th century. It gave rise to an intellectual class constituted of European whites who lived in the urban centers, Africans, and mesti§os (people of mixed African and European ancestry). Members of this class are responsible for African literature in Portuguese.

65. African Literature - Cambridge University Press The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature Two Volume This magisterial history of african literature is an essential resource for http://www.cambridge.org/uk/browse/browse_highlights.asp?subjectid=1013299

66. Reading List Of South African Literature A selection of thirty South African authors. http://www.equatoriacollection.org/sabooks.html

BACK Reading list of South African literature Prepared by The Equatoria Collection A Selected List of Books by South African Authors This is not an exhaustive list of South African writers-rather, it represents a small selection of the writers who define South Africa's literary landscape. Abrahams, Cecil Essays on Literature Memories of Home Abrahams, Peter Tell Freedom View from Cotaba Breytenback, Breyten Return to Paradise Vision from the Edge Brutus, Denis Letter to Martha and other poems from a South African Prison Stubborn Hope Crail, Archie The Bonus Deal Exile Fugard, Athol The Blood Knot Boesman and Lena Hello and Goodbye Gordimer, Nadine Guests of Honour July People Crimes of Conscience Soldier's Embrace Head, Bessie When the Rain Clouds Gather A Question of Power A Woman Alone: Autobiographical writing Jabavu, Noni Drawn in Colour: African Contrasts Jenkin, Tim Escape from Pretoria Jordan, A.C. Tales from Southern Africa Krog, Antjie Dogter van Jeffa Januarie-Suite Jerusalemgangers Country of My Skull Kunene, Daniel

67. The Cambridge History Of African And Caribbean Literature Two Volume Hardback Se This magisterial history of african literature is an essential resource for african literature in French SubSaharan Africa during the colonial period http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521594340

68. African Literature Of The Late Colonial And Early Postcolonial Eras --  Britann african literature of the late colonial and early postcolonial eras african literature of the 1950s was characterized by its focus on the disruptive effects http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313041

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents African literature of the late colonial and early postcolonial eras Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products African literature of the late colonial and early postcolonial eras Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 African literature of the late colonial and early postcolonial eras... (75 of 277 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "African literature of the late colonial and early postcolonial eras."

69. African Literature --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia african literature Black Africa, south of the Sahara, has two distinct kinds of literature. Traditional poetry and folklore, which was oral, http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9272747

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Introduction ORAL TRADITION Myths Poetry Folktales, Proverbs, and Riddles ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products African literature Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 13 Black Africa, south of the Sahara, has two distinct kinds of literature. Traditional poetry and folklore, which was oral, date back to the early days of various tribal cultures. Written literature first emerged in the 18th century, but most has been produced in the 20th century. African literature... (75 of 3192 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]];

70. Nelm Contents Promotes the reading of South african literature in English. http://www.ru.ac.za/affiliates/nelm/

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71. Ohio University Press African Literature Series african literature. Broken Lives and Other Stories Shava. The People s Voice. Subscribe to our african literature emailing list http://www.ohiou.edu/oupress/AFRICANLITERATURE.HTM

Home In The News About the Press Coming Soon ... Sales Information Search our site African Literature Broken Lives and Other Stories Allan. Womanist and Feminist Aesthetics. Bourgeacq. Voices from Madagascar/Voix de Madagascar Brown. Oral Literature and Performance in Southern Africa Burness. Echoes of the Sunbird Burness. Wanasema. Davis. In Darkest Hollywood Haynes Nigerian Video Films Jolly. Colonization, Violence, and Narration in White South African Writing. Kalu. Broken Lives and Other Stories Lembede. Freedom in Our Lifetime. Newell. Ghanaian Popular Fiction Obee. Es'kia Mphahlele Ogede. Ayi Kwei Armah, Radical Iconoclast Orlando. Nomadic Voices of Exile Shava. The People's Voice. Subscribe to our " African Literature" e-mailing list: We will send you an email notification when a new book is released. To subscribe send us an e-mail (oupress@ohio.edu) expressing your interest. Please, put African Literature in the subject line of your e-mail message. Authors Titles Series Subjects ... Webmaster

72. Jahn Library For African Literatures Research and teaching in Ethnology, African Studies and African Languages as well as african literature and Music. http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/english/Jahn.html

The Department of Anthropology and African Studies Current Research Projects The Study Programme Anthropology The Study Programme African Language Studies ... University of Mainz Jahn Library for African Literatures Jahn Library of African Literatures The Jahn Library, established in 1975, is one of the most comprehensive research facilities for African literatures in Europe, harbouring a collection of African literature that dates back to the 1950s and continues to grow today. The library came into being when the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz acquired the private collection of Jahnheinz Jahn, a writer, translator and literary specialist, after he passed away in 1973. While Jahn collected literature from many different regions, including those of the African diaspora (North America and the Caribbean), the library presently acquires only works written by African authors (including children's literature and comics) as well as relevant critical sources and journals, both literary and scholarly. Audio-visual materials on African literature also form part of the collection. Included are texts written in all languages spoken on the African continent (except Arabic). Anja Oed was appointed head of the library in 2002.

73. University Of Oregon Libraries Guide To African Literature african literature and Its Times KNIGHT REFERENCE PL8010 . Encyclopedia of african literature KNIGHT REFERENCE PL 8010 .E63 2003 Provides almost 700 http://libweb.uoregon.edu/guides/literature/africanlit.htm

Encyclopedias Finding Articles Finding Books Finding Stories and Poems ... Guides African Literatures Encyclopedias African Literature and Its Times KNIGHT REFERENCE PL8010 .M65 2000 Provides detailed information for 50 major titles in African literature. Arranged alphabetically by titles of works. Each entry provides an introduction, plot synopsis, biographical and historical context for the work, detailed description, and list of further readings. Photographs and other primary documents are included. African Writers KNIGHT REFERENCE PL 8010 .A453 1997 Two volumes, arranged alphabetically by author. Covers 65 major African authors, both black and white. Gives biographical information and criticism of the works, and provides a selected bibliography of primary and secondary texts. Authors writing in non-English languages are included. A list of authors arranged by country is in the front of Volume I, as is a list of women African authors. Includes a fairly substantial introductory essay on trends and themes in African literature. The Companion to African Literatures KNIGHT REFERENCE PR 9340 .C65 2000

74. Model Term Papers & More Model TERMPAPERS On African, Asian, Canadian, German, & african literature Essays and Papers MORE! african literature as A Mirror to the Continent s Struggles A short, yet well-written 3 page discussion http://www.termpapers-on-file.com/literature3.htm

African Literature Essays and Papers - MORE! American Literature African-American Literature ... Categories NOW! ALL PAPERS ON FILE ARE ONLY $ /PAGE!!! BOOK REPORTS AND EXAMPLE TERM PAPERS ON ITALIAN LITERATURE AFRICAN LITERATURE Achebe ’s "Things Fall Apart" / Palm Oil & Proverbs Achebe.wps Achebe’s "Things Fall Apart" / Responsibilities Of Citizenship A 10 page paper discussing citizenship and its obligations. " Things Fall Apart " by Chinua Achebe and "Man’s Search for Meaning" are used as the primary reference points for the discussion. Issues of the meaning and practice of community are also discussed. Bibliography lists six sources. Citship.wps Achebe’s "Things Fall Apart" / Threats To Religion & Politics Chinua.wps Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" / Okonkwo As A Tragic Hero In this 4 page essay, the writer describes Things Fall Apart as "classic" in the sense that it adheres to Aristotle's definition of a tragedy and Okonkwo presents himself as a tragic hero . Specific examples form the story, including evidence of Okonkwo's tragic flaw, are provided to illustrated points made. No other sources cited.

75. FindArticles In Research In African Literatures Research in african literatures is a journal providing coverage and Nationalism, Marxism, and African American Literature between the Wars A New http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb265

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication FindArticles Research in African Literatures Visit Web site Research in African Literatures Research in African Literatures is a journal providing coverage and analysis of African literary studies. Save a personal copy of any page on the Web and quickly find it again with Furl.net. Get started now. (It's free.) Most Recent Articles from this Publication The politics and poetics of exile Edward Said in Africa. ABSTRACT This paper focuses on one central trope of Edward Said's workexile. Exile looms large in Said's personal, professional, and political ... 9/22/05 by Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe More from publication Archaologie eines Modernen Mythos: Albert Schweitzers Nachruhm in Europaischen und Afrikanischen Text- und Bildmedien.(Book Review) Archaologie eines Modernen Mythos: Albert Schweitzers Nachruhm in Europaischen und Afrikanischen Text- und Bildmedien BY SYLVERE MBONDOBARI Beitrage ... 6/22/05 by Berman, Nina

76. African Studies Review: Encyclopaedia Of African Literature Full text of the article, Encyclopaedia of african literature from African Studies Review, a publication in the field of Reference Education, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_200312/ai_n9337519

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles African Studies Review Dec 2003 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Encyclopaedia of African Literature African Studies Review Dec 2003 by Breitinger, Eckhard Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Simon Gikandi. Encyclopaedia of African Literature. New York: Routledge, 2003. xv + 629 pp. Index. $150.00. Cloth. Continue article Advertisement Equally questionable are the choices of diasporic writers. If Maryse Cond© from Guadeloupe is listed (because of her African topics?), then it would have been only logical to include Aim© C©saire and L©on Damas, the Caribbean spokesmen for N©gritude, as well as Frantz Fanon, an early exponent of postcolonial writing whose ideas about colonial psychology have been influentual for so many African writers. The work also suffers from many inaccuracies, misprints, and omissions. With Elvania Zirimu from Uganda, no date of death is given: she died in 1979! Achebe's birth date is given as 1938 (he was actually born in 1930). The article on Ngugi lists Carol Sicherman's monograph as published in 1900 instead of 1999. These inaccuracies are irritating in a work that sells for $150, and the publisher would be well advised to undertake a very careful and thorough revision of dates, facts, and bibliographical data for a second edition.

77. Library System - Howard University BLAIR, Dorothy S. african literature in French A History of Creative A Bibliography of Neoafrican literature from Africa, America, and the Caribbean. http://www.howard.edu/library/Assist/Guides/French_african_Lit.htm

HOURS CONTACT US HOME SEARCH / BROWSE ... Send an e-mail Fast Links S terling D atabases, ... Guides Mohamed Mekkawi Howard University Introduction Overviews Biography History and Criticism Drama ... Prefactory Note and Acknowledgments (Call Numbers after citations refer to shelving location in the Howard University Libraries) I NTRODUCTION TO MOST HISTORIANS of African and Caribbean literature in French, René Maran's Batouala, Véritable roman nègre , published in 1921 (prix Goncourt 1921), would mark the beginning of this literature. Tout le roman nègre procède de René Maran , said Léopold Senghor in 1956. By all standards this is a relatively young literature; its writers, with a few exceptions, are living persons. Indeed, the bulk of its corpus belongs to the late fifties and the post-independence period in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet within this short span, this literature has made its presence felt on the world scene, and has generated enough materials for serious research.

78. Center For African Studies | University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign A New Reader s Guide to african literature. 2d ed. 1983. 809 Z38r 1983a AFRICANA, REFERENCE, Toward the Decolonization of african literature. 1983. http://www.afrst.uiuc.edu/literature091700.html

african@uiuc.edu Selected African Literature Sources GUIDES Klein, Leonard S. (ed). African Literatures in the 20th Century: a Guide. 809AF831986 MODERN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS Lindfors, Bernth. Long Drums and Canons: Teaching and Researching African Literatures. 869.07 L642L STACKS Zell, Hans M., Carol Bundy and Virginia Coulon. A New Reader's Guide to African Literature . 2d ed. 1983. 809 Z38r 1983a AFRICANA, REFERENCE, STACKS, MODERN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS, UNDERGRADUATE SURVEYS Benson, Eugene and L.W. Conolly. Encyclopedia of Post-colonial Literatures in English. 1994. 2 v. 820.3EN19 ENGLISH, REFERENCE Gerard, Albert S., ed . European-language Writing in Sub-Saharan Africa . 2 v. 1986. 896.09 EU74 STACKS Klein, Leonard S. African Literatures in the 20th Century Rev. ed. 1988. 896.09 Af83 AFRICANA Kom, Ambroise. . 1997. 2 v. 840.3 K835d AFRICANA Ngandu, Nkashama Pius. 016.84 P688a AFRICANA

79. AllRefer.com - South African Literature (South African Literature) - Encyclopedi AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on South african literature, South african literature. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/S/SthAfrlit.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 18, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South African Literature ... South African literature By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z S South African literature, South African Literature Related Category: South African Literature South African literature, literary works written in South Africa or written by South Africans living in other countries. Populated by diverse ethnic and language groups, South Africa has a distinctive literature in many African languages as well as Afrikaans (a vernacular derived from Dutch) and English. See also African literature Although Afrikaans had emerged as a distinctive language by the mid-18th cent., Dutch remained the official language in government and was compulsory in the schools. The pressure of nationalism led finally to the legal recognition of Afrikaans in 1925, and it replaced Dutch completely. There soon emerged several authors writing in Afrikaans. Notable among them was C. J. Langenhoven, who wrote novels and poems, translated the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam into Afrikaans, and wrote the words of the national anthem. His efforts led to the compilation of an Afrikaans dictionary.

80. AllRefer Encyclopedia - South African Literature, Biographies Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides encyclopedia articles covered under this topic. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/categories/safrlitbio.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 18, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia A-Z ... Literature and the Arts South African Literature, Biographies Articles Alan Paton Athol Fugard Bessie Head Dennis Vincent Brutus ... Sarah Gertrude (Liebson) Millin SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Par Web Solutions Site best viewed in 800 x 600 resolution.

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