101. Index.ntml The ancient African Civilization of Kush by Joyce and David Mollet The absenceof an interior African ancient civilization from the curriculum is http://members.cox.net/waldorfedu/waldorfeduPages/ZKush.html

Teaching Packs based on the Waldorf Approach to Education All lessons are designed to appeal to the heart, head and hands Contact: Dr. David L. Mollet tel/fax (619) 463-1270 email: waldorfedu@cox.net 6656 Reservoir Lane, San Diego, CA 92115 The Ancient African Civilization of Kush by Joyce and David Mollet Social Studies Review Journal of the California Council for the Social Studies Fall/Winter 1998 Volume 38, No 1 Introduction Unfortunately, because of the scarcity of suitable material for middle grade teachers to use in the classroom students are given very little with which to challenge this statement. The absence of an interior African ancient civilization from the curriculum is markedly apparent. We find a culture whose rulers took over Egypt and ruled as the 25th Dynasty and who, in later years, challenged the advance of the mighty Roman Empire and negotiated a treaty with the Emperor Augustus. Fortunately, there is now a growing number of teachers who recognize how important it is that the ancient civilization of Kush is studied alongside the other ancient riverine societies of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient China and the Indus Valley. Roots It has always been of concern to us that when studying history at school, many African/American students first encounter people from their ethnic historical background during the era of slavery.

102. The Olmecs: An African Presence In Early America Not only is there an ancient Black African presence and contribution to thecreation of civilization and culture in prehistoric and ancient America, http://www.theperspective.org/olmecs.html

The Olmecs: An African Presence in Early America (In Celebration of Black History Month) By Paul A. Barton The Perspective February 28, 2001 According to an archeologist who recently participated in archeological work in Mexico, One of the most ancient civilizations in the Americas, the Black (Negritic) Olmecs developed a calendar that goes back to about 3,113 years Before Christ. The archeologist who appeared on the Art Bell show made that point. The ancient "Olmecs" of Mexico and Mesoamerica are one of the most intriguing civilizations of the Americas. In fact, they are the first civilization in Mexico and it was from them that all other civilizations in Mesoamerica followed. Yet, the fact that the Olmecs were most likely a Black civilization of African origins has not been made public and the "Indian" elements in Mexico have gained more prominence to the extent that the Negroid substrata of the ancient Mexican/Mesoamerican civilizations has been kept hidden. Yet, over the past many years, various levels of proof have been found linking the "Olmecs" to Africans in the Western part of Africa: Linguistic Similarities Studies done by researchers such as Ivan Van Sertima (They Came Before Columbus), Alexander Von Wuthenau (Unexpected Faces in Ancient America), Runoko Rashidi and others have presented evidence that clearly show that the Olmecs were not Indians with "baby faces," or Indians who looked like Blacks (although a few Olmecs did mix with the Native Americans). They were Africans no different from Africans found in the Mende regions of West Africa.

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