1. Civilizations In Africa Civilizations in Africa Egypt A Learning Module Kush Axum The Iron Age South of the Sahara Ghana The Islamic Invasions The Almoravids Mali Songhay http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Ancient Africa Civilizations in Africa Kush (Richard Hooker, World Civ, Washington State) http//www.wsu.edu8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/K. .. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Ancient Civilizations In Africa CIVILIZATIONS OF ANCIENT AFRICA INTERNET RESOURCES Ty Benoit History Instructor http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Ancient Civilizations Theme Page and classroom activities for the study of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, Maya, Inca, and Africa. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms Photo of a Nubian Woman Prehistory Africa the Badarian Culture Photo Two Study of African Civilizations Queen Nefertiti http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Daily Life In Ancient Civilizations Mrs Donn's Daily Life in Ancient Civilizations How did the "Upright Man" travel from Africa to America without a boat? Who were the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Ancient Africa In The Electronic Passport Brief background information on the ancient civilizations and cities of ancient Africa including Nok, Ghana, Kush, and Timbuktu. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Ancient Civilizations: Egypt - Greek And Roman - Middle East - Africa Ancient Civilizations Interactive from British Museum. African Art InternetLesson History of Mali; Ancient China (See Art of China Links) http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/ancient.htm

Home Art Lessons Resources Listgroup ... Awards ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS Incredible @rt Dept ART HOME Program Goals Lesson Plans ... To top of page Go Back in time to the Pharaohs , The time of the Greek and Romans . Learn about the great Mali Empire and more! Mosaics links Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations University of Minnesota Department of Anthropology links page supplies information regarding Mesoamerican Civilizations. The primary groups addressed are the Maya, Mixtec, Zapotec, and Aztec Pre-Columbian Cultures Ancient Civilizations- History - Art Ancient Civilizations Interactive from British Museum. Explore through themes: Religion, Cities, Buildings, Trade, Writing and Technology. Site requires Flash. Slide timeline from 3500 BC to 2000 AD to compare and contrast regions. Humanities Interactive: Ancient Cultures of our World View the amazing variety of human ideas and traditions from the Ice and to the Bronze Age - to Ancient Greece Egypt and Rome. Interactive exhibits, games, lessons and more. Valley of the Ancients Ancient Civilization, values and beliefs, Gods and myths. Some of their links are broken - but still lots to see.

9. Internet African History Sourcebook the Story About Africa At Maricopa A discussion of African state formations. 2ND Richard Effland The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Main Page Nubia Libya and Western North Africa Modern Perspectives on Egypt Modern Perspectives on Ancient Israel Greek Civilizations Greece General http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Ancient Civilizations: Ancient: Africa UFOseek Directory For Ancient Civilizatio UFOseek directory for Ancient Civilizations/Ancient/africa ancient civilizationsAncient Africa. http://www.ufoseek.com/Ancient_Civilizations/Ancient/Africa/

Ancient Civilizations: Ancient: Africa Advanced Search only this category Random Link UFOSeek Forum Webmasters Logout ... Ancient Africa Africa Subscribe Categories Egypt Ethiopia Nubia Links Accounts of Ancient Mauretania http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/anc-nafrica.html Historical accounts of Mauretania from c. 430 BCE- 550 CE, taken from the writings of Herodotus, Strabo, and Procopius of Caesarea. Review It Rate It Bookmark It Ancient Africa ... http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline.htm A chronological outline with web-links from African Timelines by Central Oregon Community College. Review It Rate It Bookmark It Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms ... http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ancientafrica1.html Links and photos of artefacts. Review It Rate It Bookmark It Ancient African Empires ... http://www.historylink101.com/africa.htm Art, daily life, maps, pictures, and research. Links only. Review It Rate It Bookmark It UFOSeek Friends: Directory of Healthy Sense Directory of science Home ... Bookmarks Thanks PremiumHostingService.com for an excellent support. Webmaster

12. Mr. Dowling's African History Page Brief background information on the ancient civilizations and cities of ancient africa including Nok, Ghana, Kush, and Timbuktu. http://www.mrdowling.com/609ancafr.html

Home E-Mail Download Lessons Interactive Quiz ... South America A Great Oral Tradition The European colonial powers called Africa “the Dark Continent” when they began their explorations. They saw it as a vast and dangero us place filled with savage people, but Africa has been home to many advanced, exotic civilizations. Many have been buried beneath the sands of time, but we know of others, and archaeologists continue to uncover more clues about ancient African civilizations. West Africa has a great oral tradition. A griot is a learned storyteller, entertainer, and historian. Often a griot will memorize the genealogy, or family history, of everyone in a village going back centuries. American writer Alex Haley met a griot in 1966 that had memorized the entire story of the village of Juffure to a date two centuries in the past when his ancestor was enslaved. “The old griot had talked for nearly two hours up to then . . . ‘the oldest of these fours sons, Kunta, went away from his village and he was never seen again’ . . . I sat as if I were carved of stone. My blood seemed to have congealed. This man whose lifetime had been in this back-country African village had no way in the world to know that he had just echoed what I had heard all through my boyhood years on my grandma’s front porch in Henning, Tennessee.”

13. Ancient Civilizations Museum On The Web Presented by the William Penn Charter School Sixth Grade, this multimedia presentation explores the ancient civilizations of China, Canaan, India, Mesopotamia, Maya and early africa. http://www.kidsnewsroom.org/elmer/infoCentral/frameset/civilizations/

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS Virtual Museum Presented by: The William Penn Charter School, Sixth Grade Click on any banner and enter a fascinating ancient civilization. This multimedia presentation designed by 6th graders is one of many ways that students demonstrate their knowledge of their specific civilization.

14. Ancient African Civilizations Ancient Africa reviewed and annotated resources for ancient African history. http://www.archaeolink.com/ancient_african_civilizations.htm

Ancient Africa Home African Archaeology African Anthropology Ancient Civilizations Ancient Africa Aztec ByzantineEmpire Cambodia ... 1992 Nubian Exhibition Here you will find general information about ancient Nubia based on the Nubian Exhibition at the University of Chicago - photos - From University of chicago - http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/NUB/NUBX92/NUBX92_brochure.html Ancient Africa in the Electronic Passport A good introduction to ancient African civilization including excellent links. - illustrated - From Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport - http://www.mrdowling.com/609ancafr.html Ancient History Sourcebook: Accounts of Ancient Mauretania Accounts of the ancient African civilization of Mauretania written by three ancient historians Herodotus, Strabo, and Procopius of Caesarea. - From Ancient History Sourcebook - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/anc-nafrica.html The Ancient Nok in the Electronic Passport Here is a brief overview of the Nok, one of ancient Africa's lesser known ancient civilizations. Lots of good links to related material. - photos - From Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport - http://www.mrdowling.com/609-nok.html

15. Archaeolink.com Archaeology, Anthropology, Social Studies, General Knowledge The Amazing Worlds of Archaeology, Anthropology, ancient civilizations History, ancient civilizations. ancient africa - Aztec - ByzantineEmpire http://www.archaeolink.com/

The Amazing This place is designed to provide students and others interested in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and ancient civilizations a one stop resource for homework help or other projects. While that is still the main theme of the site, it is now expanding into other realms and disciplines ranging from gardening to astronomy and much more. You will find numerous resources (currently over fifteen thousand and climbing ) divided by topic. best viewed with 600 x 800 resolution. Web archaeolink.com For your convenience, you may explore each section from its own index, found immediately below - - Or, to explore the whole website from one place, just scroll on down this page ( site map ) picking and choosing what you like. Archaeology Pages Index - General archaeological information plus archaeology by region era, and specialty plus much more. Anthropology Pages Index - General anthropology information; cultural, linguistic, early man, cyberanthropology; plus indigenous peoples; by tribe and region; peoples of Africa, Asia, South America, religious anthropology and more.

16. Early Africa Brief background on the Kush and Nok, two ancient African civilizations. http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~sbennet3/mead/lessonplans/EarlyAfrica.htm

Early Africa Kush and Axom The Kush tribe existed in 2000 BC. The Kush were located along the upper Nile river and traded large amounts with the Egyptians. The two Major cities were Napata and Meroe. The Kush received gold, elephant tusks, and timber from the inner tribes of Africa and traded them with the Egyptians. Around 1000 BC Kush became independent and by 700 BC the Kush kings ruled both Egypt and Kush. Yet in 671 BC the Assyrians invaded Egypt and defeated the Kushites because Kush soldiers wielded bronze weapons and the Assyrians used Iron swords. The Kush learned from this and became a center of Iron production. The inhabitants of Kush traded Iron, and leopard skins for goods from the Mediterranean, they also modeled their homes and fine houses after the Romans. Kush thrived for about 150 years, but then the Axum tribe invaded the Kushites. Axum traded with Egypt, Rome, Persia, and India. These nations brought cotton, brass, copper, and olive oil in exchange for ivory. The Axom also became Christian when two Christians from Syria were brought to King Enzana’s court. They convinced him to become Christian and the entire region became Christian in A.D. 330.

17. Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms ancient Civilization did not begin in what we think of as the West. ancient African civilizations Negro Slavery and The Myth of Ham s Curse http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ancientafrica.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); The Role of Women in Ancient Nubia Ancient Nubian Princess Nubian Chronology "Its glory and its people" The Kingdom is Possible Because of the Queen..... The King is the Sign..... While the Queen is the Symbol...... Basic Concept: Late Egyptian Religion King Taharqa of the 25th Dynasty King Menkaure and Queen Kha-merer-nebty II Ancient Civilization did not begin in what we think of as the West. It did not start in Europe, Rome, India, or Asia. Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to inhabit all the continents except Antarctica, some 200,000 to 100,000 years ago. Early Humans in Africa History of Nubia. Excellent Site. Queen Hatshepsut Queen Tiye and King Amenhotep III The Global African Presence This is constantly growing list of articles on about the ancient African presence in many countries around the world as well as many articles on the American history of Africans displaced there. Editor Choice Egyptian Sculpture: Battalion of 40 Nubian armed archers ready for war (from tomb of a local prince or general named Nomarchus Mesehti of Asyut (Upper Egypt), under the ruler Mentuhotep II Nubia Museum, in Aswan

18. Ancient Civilizations ancient africa Information about ancient africa.http //penncharter.com/Student/africa/index.ht ancient civilizations Clipart http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/History/Ancient_Civilizations/

Home Fun and Games Science Math ... CLIPART Ancient Civilization Pictures!!..... Need clipart, a photograph or illustration for your school project. Classroom Clip Art.com , is a new educational image search engine with many different subjects, created especially for you. Subject Themes Ancient Civilizations Ancient Middle East Akkadia Babylonia ... Ancient Rome Search: Home History Ancient Civilizations Americas Ancient Middle East Aztec China ... Ancient Africa Information about Ancient Africa. http: //penncharter.com/Student/africa/index.ht... Ancient Civilizations Clipart A great selection of ancient civilization clipart and maps. http: //classroomclipart.com/cgi-bin/kids/imageFoli... Ancient Civilizations Lesson Plans A online resource for Ancient Civilization lesson plans. http: //lessonplancentral.com/lessons/Social_Studie...

19. African History On The Internet - Kingdoms And Ancient Civilizations African kingdoms and ancient civilizations. Wide Horizon Education Resources ancient Civilization of Kush Lesson plans on Kush (from a newsletter, http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/history/hisking.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... History: Kingdoms / Ancient Civilizations African Indigenous Knowledge Systems Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Professor of History, Central Connecticut State University, provides citations to books and links to web sites relating to the, "Background History of Africa, African Food Processing Techniques, African Textile Techniques, African Metallurgy, Colonialism and Africa's Technology, and Mathematics in pre-colonial Hausaland, West Africa. http://www.africahistory.net African Mathematical Union. Commission on the History of Mathematics in Africa Includes issues of their newsletter, articles on " The Ancients ", pages on mathematics in Ghana, Namibia, Nigeria Zambia, Zimbabwe, profiles of African mathematicians. The newsletter has bibliographies and web sites. Maintained by Scott W. Williams, Professor, Mathematics Dept., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo. [KF] http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amuchma_online.html African Timelines http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimelinetoc.htm

20. Civilizations In Africa: Ghana civilizations in africa Ghana In ancient times, the Egyptians and Carthaginiansengaged in just a trickle of commercial trade with west africa, http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/GHANA.HTM

Sahara , which in Arabic simply means "The Desert." Around 750 AD, under the influence of Islamic peoples, northern and western Africans began to use the camel to transport goods across this forbidding terrain. Camels do several things exceptionally well: they can carry unbelievably heavy loads for impossibly long distances and they can keep their footing on sandy terrain. It was as if someone had invented sand ships and its effect on western African culture was just as profound as if they were sand ships. The most important developments occurred in the Sahel area just south of the Sahara; the Sahel provided southern terminal points for the goods being shipped across the Sahara. The Sahel is a dry, hot area with fertile areas and grasslands; all of the major north African kingdoms grew up in this area: Ghana, Mali, Songhay, and Kanem-Bornu: the Sahelian kingdoms Soninke , a Mande speaking people living in the region bordering the Sahara. They built their capital city, Kumbi Saleh, right on the edge of the Sahara and the city quickly became the most dynamic and important southern terminus of the Saharan trade routes. Ghana (this is why we now call the kingdom, Ghana). The kingship was matrilineal (as was all Sahelian monarchies to follow); the king's sister provided the heir to the throne. In addition to military power, the king appears to have been the supreme judge of the kingdom.

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