21. History Of Afghanistan: Information From Answers.com History of Afghanistan This article is the top of the History of Afghanistan series. PreIslamic period of Afghanistan Islamic conquest of. http://www.answers.com/topic/history-of-afghanistan

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping History of Afghanistan Wikipedia History of Afghanistan This article is the top of the History of Afghanistan series. Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan Islamic conquest of Afghanistan Durrani Empire European influence in Afghanistan ... History of Afghanistan since 1992 History of Afghanistan Afghanistan 's history , internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central West , and South Asia . Over the centuries, waves of migrating peoples passed through the regiondescribed by historian Arnold Toynbee as a "roundabout of the ancient world"leaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. In modern times, as well as in antiquity, vast armies of the world passed through this region of Asia, temporarily establishing local control and often dominating Iran and what is today Pakistan and northern India Although it was the scene of great empires and flourishing trade for over two millennia, the area's heterogeneous groups were not bound into a single political entity until the reign of

22. AFGHANISTAN History Links History of the War in Afghanistan from Human Rights Watch Chronological History of Afghanistan (1978 Present) The Dismantling of Afghan History http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/afghanistan/links/history.shtml

home about partners events ... site map COUNTRIES DEPARTMENTS Eurasia Insight Civil Society CARTOON DISPATCH From Central Asia -Ted Rall Photo Essays AFGHANISTAN HISTORY LINKS Afghanistan Online: History Historical Photo Album of Afghanistan, 1747 - 1992 Recent History History of the War in Afghanistan from Human Rights Watch Chronological History of Afghanistan (1978 - Present) The Dismantling of Afghan History A Brief History of the War in Afghanistan Afghan History before 1973 Sites in Perspective: An Historical Survey by Nancy Dupree The First Anglo-Afghan War Biography Biography of Afgan Political Figures Afghan Personalities Index RESOURCE LINKS Human Rights Local Press Maps, stats, and info

23. WWW-VL: History Index: Afghanistan History The Man Behind the Afgan Jehad, by Brigadier (Retd.) Mohammad Yousaf, S.Bt. The Soviet War in Afghanistan. History and Harbinger of Future War? Taliban Rule http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/middle_east/afghanistan.html

WWW-VL: HISTORY: AFGHANISTAN Click here for he WWW-VL: History Central Catalogue WWW-VL: History: W3 Search Engines Research Tools Maps Main Map Other Maps, including satellite and aerial photographs Relief Map Roads and Airports Reliefweb xx ... Administrative Subdivisions , from Afhan Info Centre. Provinces City Maps Large Cities , from Afghan Info Centre Herat Kandahar Kabul Jalalabad ... Mazar Gazeteers and Guide Books Cities and Towns Old Balkh Ghazni Herat ... Qandahar Geographic Finding Aids Language Ethnolinguistic Groups The Languages of Afghanistan Pashto Dictionary Reference Works Country Studies, Afghanistan Dictionaries Encyclopedias Britannica Bibliography Bibliography including link pages Afghanistan: An Overview [University of California at Berkley Library] Afghanistan Online Links to Sites and Writings on Afghanistan Bibliography from the Online Center of Afghan Studies Bibliography of Afghan-Soviet Conflict, 1979-1989 ... Adminet Archives Text Hazarah Cultural and Historical Archives [on-line] Images Photo Gallery , from Afghan Info Center Sound Libraries Journals Publishers and Bookdealers Afghan On-Line Boostore Biography and Genealogy Demography Collective Biography Afghan Rulers Famous Figures of Past Afghanistan Key Players in Afghanistan Kings and Other Political Leaders ... Biographies Individual Biographies Materials On-Line Texts and Document Collections Accords, Treaties, and Archival Materials

24. North Carolina Center For South Asia Studies - Afghanistan History Conference NCCSAS Seminars Speakers afghanistan history Conference. afghanistan history Conference. Boundaries, States, and Nations on the Frontiers of Empire http://www.jhfc.duke.edu/csas/seminars/afghanistan.html

NCCSAS > > Afghanistan History Conference Afghanistan History Conference Boundaries, States, and Nations on the Frontiers of Empire: Afghanistan and Its Neighbors John Hope Franklin International Center Duke University January 30-February 1 2003 Thursday, January 30 Informal Social Hour, Marriott Hotel Friday, January 31 8:30-8:45 Opening Remarks and Welcome Conference Organizers Provost Peter Lange, Duke University Panel I: State and tribe within the shifting contexts of imperial and national orders Session 1 Stephen Dale, History, Ohio State University Topic: "Khushal Khan Khattak and Pushtun Identity" Joseph Arlinghaus, South and Southwest Asia Intelligence Analyst, US Army, Fayetteville, NC "Pashtunization in the Mughal Province of Kabul." Session 2 Robert Canfield, Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis

25. Afghanistan: History History. Early History. The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0856490.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Afghanistan History Early History The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors throughout history. Its high mountains, although hindering unity, helped the hill tribes to preserve their independence. It is probable that there were well-developed civilizations in S Afghanistan in prehistoric times, but the archaeological record is not clear. Certainly cultures had flourished in the north and east before the Persian king Darius I (c.500 B.C. B.C. ) them on his way to India. After Alexander's death (323 B.C. ) the region at first was part of the Seleucid empire. In the north, Bactria became independent, and the south was acquired by the Maurya dynasty. Bactria expanded southward but fell (mid-2d cent. B.C. B.C. ). Their capital was Peshawar . The Kushans declined (3d cent. A.D.

26. LII - Results For "afghanistan History" Results for afghanistan history 1 to 2 of 2. Afghanistan A Country Study. The material on Afghanistan that follows represents preliminary drafts of three http://www.lii.org/advanced?searchtype=subject;query=Afghanistan History;subsear

27. LII - Results For "afghanistan History 20th Century" Results for afghanistan history 20th century 1 to 3 of 3 Traces the history of Afganistan from the late 19th century until prior to the arrival of the http://www.lii.org/advanced?searchtype=subject;query=Afghanistan History 20th ce

28. Afghanland.com Afghanistan History Famous afghans in history Past and Present. Afghanistan during Avesta Pre historic Afghanistan during reign of Avesta. Invasion of Alexander the Great http://www.afghanland.com/history/history.html

HOME NEWS ISLAM HISTORY ... Biographies of Famous Afghans Famous afghans in history Past and Present Afghanistan during Avesta Pre historic Afghanistan during reign of Avesta Invasion of Alexander the Great Alexander the great invasion of Afghanistan was his last attempt to conquer the world Greek Bakhter Period Remnants of the Macedonian Greeks settle in Afghanistan Koshani Period a period where pagan ideology flourishes in Afghanistan Introduction of Islam in Afghanistan Arab armies invade Afghanistan and convert the locals to Islam Sultan Mahmood Ghaznawi The idol breaker loved poetry and literature and mysticism flourishes during his reign Changez Khan Timujin upon becoming the king of Mongols changes his title to Changez Khan. Timur Shah Invades Afghanistan and establishes Kabul as his military base Babur Shah The king of Kabulistan establishes his base in his beloved Kabul Mirwais Khan Hotaki a rebel who starts the movement to establish an independent afghan kingdom Ahmad Shah Baba Durrani Chosen the first King of Afghanistan by traditional Loya Jirga The Great Game British meddling in Afghanistan begin Mohammadzai Dynasty The establishment of rule by the Yahakhil family

29. Afghanistan History afghanistan history Please submit information or links explaining afghanistan history. http://www.hobotraveler.com/hi2afghanistanhistory.php

Afghanistan History Afghanistan History Please submit links or URL to History of this country for other travelers to understand and appreciate how to travel in this country. Explain events, stories, places to go, or the best Historical destinations. History ! Click Here to Add a New Travel Link or Comment Name: sam sah Site Name: Top filmi wallpapers of Aishwarya Rai Ayesha Takia Celina Jaitley Kareena K Website: http://www.topfilmi.com Location: delhi - delhi - india Date: Tue August 2, 2005 7:47 AM Top filmi wallpapers of Aishwarya Rai Ayesha Takia Celina Jaitley Kareena Kapoor Mallika Sherawat Neha Dhupia Preity Zinta Priyanka Chopra Riya Sen Referred By's Webpage: http://www.topfilmi.com Name: Azim Babak Site Name: Pashtunistan Website: http://pashtunistan8k.com Date: Tue June 14, 2005 4:58 PM Pashtunistan's Website on Azim Babak's Net Referred By: Azim Babak Name: Azim Babak Site Name: Pashtunistan Website: http://pashtunistan.8m.net Date: Tue June 14, 2005 4:56 PM Pashtunistan Site in Farsi Referred By: Azim Babak Add a New Travel Link or Comment To Add a Travel Link to this Hobotraveler.Com page fill out the form below and click submit.

30. Afghanistan History Of Invasion afghanistan history of Invasion. History Afghanistan came into being in the 1800s, a buffer between India (British), Russia, and China. http://www.lisashea.com/lisabase/aboutme/afghanistan.html

LisaShea.com Homepage Site Map Most Popular DaVinci Code Parakeets Origami Travelogues ... Forums Afghanistan History of Invasion History Afghanistan came into being in the 1800s, a "buffer" between India (British), Russia, and China. This is a mostly Muslim, mixed-ethnic place. Dictators came and went, and corruption was rampant. A revolt in 1978 let to a colalition of rulers being set up. However this new regime was not better than any previous one. The population revolted again against the new regime and there was a massive rebellion. There were tortures and abuses. In Dec 1979 the Russians sent 5,000 troops into Kabul to take out Amin and did so. Soon 100,000 Russian troops were in Afghanistan. The US supplied arms to the rebels that were against the Russian troops. By 1981 when Reagan was president, both he and the Democratic congress were eager to help the rebels fight back. Osama Bin Laden (born July 30, 1957) was a Saudi wealthy man who joined the rebels, and by 1984 he held a position of power with the rebels. In 1989 the Russians withdrew. Not much was left to fill that vacuum. By 1996, the Taliban had taken control, with an extremely strict form of Muslim religion. Human Rights groups were furious, but many people were happy that at least the civil war was over and order was being kept. In this same year, Osama was hiding out in Sudan. They expelled him and he returned to Afghanistan.

31. Independent Lens . AFGHANISTAN UNVEILED . Learn More | PBS Read a chronology of key events in modern afghanistan history, This timeline is a chronology of Afghanistan and the region’s history from the sixth http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/afghanistanunveiled/more.html

Women in Afghanistan Afghanistan Sources Women in Afghanistan AINA The Asia Foundation various training programs they administer throughout Asia. CBC News In Depth: The Women of Afghanistan For the first time in history, in 2004 Afghan women competed in the Olympic Games. CBS News explores the lives of Afghan women during and post-Taliban era. Read more about issues such as violence and security concerns and get links to related articles. Women Waging Peace: Afghan Constitution a Partial Victory for Women The San Francisco Chronicle: Afghanistan, through eyes of young women Read an article about the making of AFGHANISTAN UNVEILED, including an interview with one of the filmmakers. UN Commission: Situation of Women and Girls in Afghanistan Written in 2003, this report from the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women provides an overview of the challenges faced by Afghan women and girls in the post-Taliban era. United Nations Chronicle: School Bells from Bombshells Afghanistan Women: Academic Info Get links to articles and sites pertaining to Afghan women in Taliban-era Afghanistan. Women for Afghan Women Comprised of leaders of government, business and the media from both Afghanistan and the U.S., the Council helped provide mentorship opportunities for the filmmakers of AFGHANISTAN UNVEILED. Learn more about its projects and initiatives.

32. Afghanistan: History GBGM provides extensive resources on mission concernsglobal news, advocacy, evangelization, theology (John Wesley) and houses hundreds of UM groups. http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=193

33. Afghanistan History Of Afghanistan Study Of Afghanistan Country Of Afghanistan A afghanistan history of Afghanistan Study of Afghanistan Country of Afghanistan discussed in the Arkansas Encyclopedia of famous Arkansans, landmarks, http://anythingarkansas.com/arkapedia/pedia/Afghanistan/

Home Free Offers Directory A ... Z Afghanistan Visit the Poker Encyclopedia Web Arkansas Encyclopedia The Islamic State of Afghanistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia . It is bordered by Iran in the west, Pakistan in the south and east, Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the easternmost part of the country. Until the nation has its first general election (projected for June ), it continues to be referred to by the West as the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan History Main article: History of Afghanistan Afghanistan, often called the crossroads of Central Asia , has had a turbulent history. Through the ages, Afghanistan has been occupied by many forces. A separate Afghan nation came into existence in 1746 as the Durrani Empire , but control was ceded to the United Kingdom until King Amanullah acceded to throne in . Since then, the country has known many governments and several civil wars. The ruler of Afghanistan belonged to the Abdali tribal group, whose name was changed to Dorrani on the accession of Ahmad Shah . They belonged either to the Saddozay segment of the Popalzay clan or to the Mohammadzay segment of the Barakzay clan . The Mohammadzay furnished the Saddozay kings frequently with top counselors, who served occasionally as regents, identified with the epithet Mohammadzay.

34. Afghanistan Economy, Afghanistan History, Afghanistan Flag, Afghanistan Culture, Maps of World provides information on Afghanistan Economy, afghanistan history, Afghanistan Flag, Afghanistan Culture, Kabul, Afghanistan Religion, http://www.mapsofworld.com/country-profile/afghanistan1.html

Afghanistan is a land-locked country in Central Asia. To know more, Maps of World provides information on Afghanistan, details of its flag, its people, its economy and other such details. Maps of World People of Afghanistan Afghanistan consists of a variety of ethnic groups called Afghans, the overwhelming majority of whom are Muslim, usually either followers of Sunni or Shia Islam. Afghans are related to many of the ethnic groups in Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Pashtuns (Pushtuns), who make up more then half the population, have traditionally been the dominant ethnic group. Their homeland lies south of the Hindu Kush, but Pashtun groups live in all parts of the country. Many of them also live in northwestern Pakistan, where they are called Pathans. Pashtuns are usually farmers, though a large number of them are nomads, living in tents made of black goat hair. For the most part, Afghans are farmers, although a significant minority follows a nomadic lifestyle. In the years since the Soviet invasion and the later civil war, a large number of Afghans have fled the country and become refugees in neighboring nations, most typically in Iran and Pakistan. Arts and Crafts The arts and crafts Afghanistan map contains striking architectural remnants of all ages, including Greek and Buddhist stupas (shrines or reliquaries) and monasteries, arches, monuments, intricate Islamic minarets (the tall, slender towers on mosques), temples and forts. Among the most famous sites are the great mosques of Herat and Mazar-e Sharif; the minaret of a mosque at Jam in the west central highlands; the 1000-year-old Great Arch of Qal'eh-ye Bost; the Chel Zina (Forty Steps) and rock inscriptions made by Mughal emperor Babur in Kandahar; the Great Buddha of Bamian (55 m/180 ft tall); the "Towers of Victory" in Ghazni; and Emperor Babur's tomb and the great Bala Hissar fort in Kabul.

35. Afghanistan History afghanistan history overview of historic events. World66 the travel guide you write. Recent Changes. You are not logged in login register http://www.world66.com/asia/centralasia/afghanistan/history

Afghanistan History - overview of historic events the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Afghanistan Sections Afghanistan Map History Getting Around ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement History [edit this] [Upload image] 50,000 BC-20,000 BC Archaeologists have identified evidence of stone age technology in Aq Kupruk, and Hazar Sum. Plant remains at the foothill of the Hindu Kush mountains indicate, that North Afghanistan was one of the earliest places to domestic plants and animals. 3000 BC-2000 BC Bronze might have been invented in ancient Afghanistan around this time. First true urban centers rise in two main sites in AfghanistanMundigak, and Deh Morasi Ghundai. Mundigak (near modern day Kandahar)had an economic base of wheat, barley, sheep and goats. Also, evidence indicates that Mudigak could have been a provincial capital of the Indus valley civilization. Ancient Afghanistancrossroads between Mesopotamia, and other Civilizations. 2000 BC- 1500 BC Aryan tribes in Aryana (Ancient Afghanistan) The City of Kabul is thought to have been established during this time. Rig Veda may have been created in Afghanistan around this time. Evidence of early nomadic iron age in Aq Kapruk IV. 600 BC (There is some speculation about this date) Zoroaster introduces a new religion in Bactria (Balkh)-(ZoroastrianismMonotheistic religion) (about 522 BC)Zoroaster dies during nomadic invasion near Balkh.

36. Afghanistan History & Afghanistan Culture | IExplore afghanistan history Human civilization in Afghanistan dates at least as far back as 4000BC. The territory has always been an important link between the http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Afghanistan/History

FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 5 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community ... My iExplore advertisement Home Travel Guides Middle East Afghanistan History E-mail this page Afghanistan Travel Guide View Trips to Afghanistan Browse Afghanistan Photos Read Afghanistan Journals Afghanistan Questions and Answers Find a Afghanistan Travel Buddy Middle East Overview Overview Tours Where to Go General Info ... Shopping Afghanistan History From AD50 onwards, Buddhist culture was established in Afghanistan, under the rule of the Kushans, which lasted until the turn of the fifth century (the famous giant statues of Buddha destroyed by the Taleban in 2001 dated from this period). By AD550, the Persians were once again the dominant power in the region. Yet a far more important influence, which emerged around this time, was Islamic religion, introduced by Arabs and supplanting the existing dominant Zoroastrian creed. During the 10th and 11th centuries, under the Ghaznavid dynasty, Afghanistan became a major center of Islamic power and civilization. Their rule finally was brought to an end by the Mongol warlord, Genghis Khan, who invaded in 1219. The Mongols destroyed most of the sophisticated irrigation system (traces of which can still be seen today), which had rendered much of the country highly fertile and prosperous; the majority of it was turned into - and remains - permanent desert.

37. Afghanistan History And George Orwell Ziauddin says If you study the history of Afghanistan, you will only study the history of war and fighting and foreign intervention . http://wais.stanford.edu/Afganistan/afghanistan_historyandgeorgeorwell21102.html

Back to Index Afghanistan history and George Orwell John Heelan of the UK comments on my observation: "In the Western Hemisphere, the US must assume almost total responsibility. In Africa and Eurasia, except for East and Southeast Asia, the EU should assume the leadership, with the strong backing of the US. Whether the EU has reached a point where it can assume that responsibility remains to be seen". John says this reminds him of George Orwell's San Francisco Chronicle has published an article about the library at San Francisco State University. The shelves are abandoned. The students are doing all their work on line. This makes more and more sense. I have a large library, including the huge Oxford English Dictionary . It is simpler to use the online version, so the printed book just sits there. It is hard to realize how much information in available on line. I checked Google for George Orwell, and up came 143,000 entries!! Would Orwell have been happy? Ronald Hilton - 2/11/02 Webmaster

38. Afghanistan History...info Please afghanistan history information please. Everyone is talking about Afghanistan, but before September 11, most Americans did not even know where it is. http://wais.stanford.edu/Afganistan/afghanistan_historyinfoplease112301.html

Back to Index Afghanistan history...information please Everyone is talking about Afghanistan, but before September 11, most Americans did not even know where it is. Our knowledge of that whole area is very thin. I erred when I said that the Pashtuns used to be called Parthians. In fact they were Pathans, a neighboring tribe. What the relationship is between these two tribes with almost identical names in I do not know. I suspect that they may be the same. Today the Pathans are known as Pashtu in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In all, the Pathans constitute one of the largest tribal groupings in the world. Ronald Hilton - 11/23/01 Webmaster

39. Afghanistan History History. AFGHANISTAN S HISTORY, internal political development, foreign relations, andvery existence as an independent state have largely been determined by http://www.country-studies.com/afghanistan/history.html

History AFGHANISTAN'S HISTORY, internal political development, foreign relations, andvery existence as an independent state have largely been determined by itsgeographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. Over thecenturies, waves of migrating peoples passed through the regiondescribed as a"roundabout of the ancient world," by historian ArnoldToynbeeleaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. In moderntimes, as well as in antiquity, vast armies of the world passed throughAfghanistan, temporarily establishing local control and often dominating Iranand northern India. Islam played a key role in the formation of Afghan history as well. Despitethe Mongol invasion of Afghanistan in the early thirteenth century which hasbeen described as resembling "more some brute cataclysm of the blind forcesof nature than a phenomenon of human history," even a warrior as formidableas Genghis Khan did not uproot Islamic civilization, and within two generationshis heirs had become Muslims. An often unacknowledged event that neverthelessplayed an important role in Afghan history (and in the politics of Afghanistan'sneighbors and the entire region up to the present) was the rise in the tenthcentury of a strong Sunni dynastythe Ghaznavids. Their power prevented theeastward spread of Shiism from Iran, thereby insuring that the majority of theMuslims in Afghanistan and South Asia would be Sunnis. Country Studies main page Afghanistan Country Studies main page Celebrity

40. Afghanistan: History. Contemporary Art From The Islamic World Contemporary Art from the Islamic World, OnlineMagazine, published by Universes in Universe - Worlds of Art. http://www.universes-in-universe.de/islam/eng/archiv/afg/hist.html

Start Archive Countries Afghanistan ... back Afghanistan: History Some data from recent times Independence, end of the British protectorate. New constitution, Afghanistan becomes a constitutional monarchy. Zahir Shah is king. Following his fall, proclamation of the Republic. Pro-Soviet military putsch takes over power. The government asks for Soviet military backing against its inner enemies. In the battle against the invaders, 1,5 million people are killed. Soviet troops retire. The Islamic Mujahedin overthrow the pro-Soviet president, Najibullah. Creation of the Taliban militia, backed by Pakistan. The Taliban capture Kabul, opponents are forced back to the North. Following the terrorist attacks of 9.11., the USA and their allies attack the Taliban and drive them out. The provisional president Karzai is confirmed in office by the Loya Jirga (Great Assembly of tribal families). At the beginning of January, the delegates of Loya Jirga agree on a new constitution. 7 Dec. 2004 Hamid Karzai is inaugurated as the first directly elected president of Afghanistan. Archive: Afghanistan Universes in Universe - Worlds of Art Email Editorial, Impressum

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