81. Saving Afghan Culture @ National Geographic Magazine Society for the Preservation of afghanistan s Cultural Heritage spach.info This nonprofit organization based in afghanistan provides educational resources http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0412/feature2/

Saving Afghan Culture Step into the world of writers and photographers as they tell you about the best, worst, and quirkiest places and adventures they encountered in the field Get the facts behind the frame in this online-only gallery. Pick an image and see the photographer's technical notes. Photo captions by A. R. Williams Where East Meets West By Andrew Lawler Photographs by Kenneth Garrett The fabled Bactrian gold is back, but other antiquities are quickly disappearing from Afghanistan. With the country trying to rebuild after decades of conflict, can its past be part of its future? Get a taste of what awaits you in print from this compelling excerpt. Ahmadi's trials began in 1995 when he and his brother stumbled on an ancient Buddhist shrine near their small town of Tangisafedak. Inside they found a stone box with a book, gold coins, and a gemstone; an outer wall bore an inscription with strange letters. Word of the discovery spread, and soldiers loyal to the local warlord, Abdul Karim Khalili, took away the box and its contents. Ahmadi was afraid that the artifacts from his country's breathtaking cultural heritage would be sold and vanish from Afghanistan forever. In an interview before the October elections, a senior government official shared his concern, saying that Khalili was only one of many warlords with a taste both for antiquities and vengeance. Upstanding citizens who complained about looting, he added, could face arrest or worse. Ahmadi was right to fear for his life.

82. Afghanistan - WARFARE AND CIVIC CULTURE The very soul of afghanistan s cultural heritage was assaulted by the systematic looting of the Kabul Museum and pillaging of archaeological sites http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/81.htm

WARFARE AND CIVIC CULTURE Afghanistan Table of Contents The Soviet-Afghan war has caused grave injury to the civic culture of Afghanistan. The destruction and disruption wrought by the magnitude of the lethal technology employed was exponentially greater than that of any previous invasion in the past. In addition to extensive ecological damage, including the vicious destruction of Kabul that dwarfs anything previously experienced, the war stretched taught the fabric of the society, threatening to undermine its confidence. National traits once honored hallmarks of Afghan character were jeopardized. Tolerance for others. Forthrightness. Aversion to fanatics. Respect for women. Loyalty to colleagues and classmates. Dislike for ostentation. Commitment to academic freedom. All were compromised. Two generations of children have grown up without knowing the joys of childhood, their lives concentrated instead on how to avoid death and deal with emotions associated with death. The war has left terrible scars on minds as well as bodies. These scars threaten to undermine the traditional social infrastructure which served for decades to dampen ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic differences in this complex multicultural society. The deep apprehensions, amounting to fear among many, that prevail under Taliban rule despite an acknowledged improvement in security, have resulted in the breakdown of trust which makes the organization of cooperative community projects difficult. This compounds the fact that many Afghans who benefitted from largely free services while in exile developed complacent attitudes leading them to expect others to do for them what once they expected to do for themselves. Their vaunted self-reliance was thus eroded.

83. Afghan People Central Asia Studies afghanistan Online culture Several clickto-read articles about Afghan culture. afghanistan s Cultural Heritage This melting pot has produced a http://www.archaeolink.com/afghan_people_central_asia_studi.htm

Afghan People Home Asia Asian Indigenous and Tribal People - General Resources By peoples, tribes, ethnicity, regions Afghan Culture People Ainu Culture People Achang Culture People Andhra Pradesh People ... Zhuang Culture People To anthropology general index To Afghanistan Country Study To Pashtun People Please Note: If you sometimes get an error message when clicking on a large text link, don't give up. Try the URL link instead. There are times when the large text link doesn't "take" for some reason, thus the built-in redundancy. Thank you. Afghan Cultural Heritage Crisis Click on the Buddha head to enter galleries of threatened Afghan art. - illustrated - From UNESCO - http://www.unesco.org/opi2/afghan-crisis/ Afghan Musical Instruments gallery of click-to-view traditional Afghan musical instruments. - illustrated - From afghan-network.net - http://www.afghan-network.net/Culture/instruments.html Afghan Tribal Diversity Undermines Attempts at Unity While this is a dated article - 2001, there is still much to be said about the problem. "Among the tribal ethnic groups, allies one day can be enemies the next. That remains true not only in Afghanistan but in many parts of the world, where tribalism remains powerful in the 21st century." - from National Geographic - http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1126_wireafghantribes.html

84. The Kite Runner - Do I Really Have To Read It? By Meghan O'Rourke Why The Kite Runner and not any of the other books about afghanistan that have Americans have of afghanistan as a culture of warlords and cave hideouts. http://slate.msn.com/id/2123280/

placeAd(1,'slate.news/slate') Print E-mail Discuss Newsletters ... About Us Search Slate Advanced Search placeAd(3,'slate.homepage/slate') placeAd(6,'slate.homepage/slate'); the highbrow Examining the cultural elite. The Kite Runner Do I really have to read it? By Meghan O'Rourke Updated Monday, July 25, 2005, at 7:36 AM PT Do I really have to read The Kite Runner ? That was the question asked in the Slate offices this spring when the debut novel by Afghan-American Khaled Hosseini hit the top of the New York Times best-seller list. The novel seemed eminently worthy, after all—not only the first one written in English by an Afghan, but chock-full of "eye-opening information about the turmoil in modern-day Afghanistan," as one reader put it. The Kite Runner has sold an astonishing 1.25 million copies in paperback, driven by word-of-mouth at a moment when sales of fiction are reportedly at a low. Scores of municipalities selected it for their Community Reads programs, citing its "universal" themes. Laura Bush called it "really great." As the months have passed, America has only grown more passionate about its merits. So here's the mystery: Why have Americans, who traditionally avoid foreign literature like the plague, made The Kite Runner into a cultural touchstone? What version of life abroad is it that seems so palatable and approachable to us? Why

85. Founded In 2001, AÏNA Stands For Cultural Revival And Independent In the midst of the reconstruction process in afghanistan AÏNA has launched several projects Cultural Revival and Independent Media in afghanistan http://topics.developmentgateway.org/culture/rc/ItemDetail.do~1042958

English Home About Us My Gateway Feedback ... Content > Cultural Revival and Inde... Related Key Issues Cultural Management View all 8 key issues Related Categories Organizations, Networks, People Programs and Projects Publications and Multimedia ... View all 2495 resources Region/Country Views All Regions/Countries East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and Caribbean Middle East and North Africa North America South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa International Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territo British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comors Congo, Democratic Republic Congo, Republic Cook Islands Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Faeroe Islands Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia, The

86. Art, Culture Religion Afghanistan Development Gateway Comprehensive coverage of news, events, discussions, articles and links related to postwar reconstruction and development in afghanistan. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/afghanistan/rc/BrowseContent.do~source=RCCo

English Home About Us My Gateway Feedback ... Advanced search This page brings together resources related to Afghanistan religion and culture. We would particularly welcome resources about protection of cultural heritage and the role of Islam and Sufism in reconstruction and development of Afghanistan. Please provide your comments to links that you see below! Add content to this Key Issue email this page 87 items. Page 1 of 6 Next Filter by: All Regions/Countries East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and Caribbean Middle East and North Africa North America South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa International Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comors Congo, Democratic Republic

87. AdmiNet - Afghanistan top Art, culture. AISK Photo Album - Tom Ricks Kabul Photos afghanistan 1989-1995 afghanistan @ culture afghanistan s National Museum http://www.adminet.com/world/af/

Search throughout the whole AdmiNet site : options AdmiNet World Eastern Europe Afghanistan Government Links with other countries Parliament Political organisations ... Thanks Afghanistan's National Museum The government of Afghanistan Royal House of Afghanistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Islamic State of Afghanistan ABC Country Book of Afghanistan - government Flag, Map, Economy, Links with other countries Embassies and Consulates of Afghanistan to other countries : Australia France Embassies and Consulates of other countries in Afghanistan: France India Foreign Chambers of Commerce and Industry : Parliament Political organisations Voyage Officiel de Son Excellence Hamed KARZAI en France Afgha.com - "Site of the Afghan Resistance" (Northern Alliance) Biographie de Meena, fondatrice martyre de RAWA I'll Never Return a poem by Meena declaimed by herself (in Persian) Afghanistan's Opposition Courts Ex-King (Reuters) Political Resources on the Net - Afghanistan - links to political parties and factions. Afghan Politics The Taliban: The sword of Afghanistan TALEBAN ISLAMIC MOVEMENT OF AFGHANISTAN Cities and Towns Agriculture Finance Law AFGHANISTAN LAW Links Art, Culture

88. Afghan News Network {Latest News About Afghanistan} First In Afghan News Worldwi Kabul s mustsee TV heats up culture war in afghanistan. By Ben Arnoldy KABUL, afghanistan (The Christian Science Monitor) - A bearded man from the bazaar http://www.afghannews.net/index.php?newsgroup=19

89. Mercy Corps - Hurricane Katrina All, Iraq, afghanistan. culture in afghanistan Animals of afghanistan (125 KB PDF) Learn about the many interesting and unique animals that live in http://www.mercycorps.org/classroom/afghanistan/culture/

Select country... Afghanistan Azerbaijan Bosnia and Herzegovi... China Eritrea Ethiopia Georgia Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Liberia Mongolia Nicaragua North Korea Pakistan Serbia Somalia Sri Lanka Sudan Tajikistan United States Uzbekistan West Bank Zimbabwe Select topic... Agriculture Children Economic Development Education Emergencies Health Hunger/Nutrition HIV/AIDS Peaceful Change Sports Tsunami Water Women Keywords: DONATE Donate Now! Monthly Giving Mercy Kits ... Hurricane Survivors Need Help As efforts along the U.S. Gulf coast shift from rescue to relief and recovery, Mercy Corps is on the ground in affected areas helping survivors rebuild and reclaim their lives. Veteran aid workers are in rural Louisiana and Mississippi, passing out relief supplies, planning activities for displaced children and giving residents materials and skills to reconstruct the battered region. Read More There are many caring, creative ways that you can show support and offer much-needed help. Read More > 92% efficient Program/Issue: Where Most Needed Emergency Response Hunger Relief Niger Famine Hurricane Katrina Uganda Crisis Darfur Crisis in Sudan Ells Culver Memorial Mukhtaran Bibi Fund Dollar amount: Comforting Displaced Kids Mercy Corps, together with Bright Horizons Family Solutions and JPMorgan Chase, is reprising "Comfort for Kids" - a program first used to support children in New York impacted by 9/11 - to help children under five cope with the trauma associated with Hurricane Katrina, dislocation and a fear of homelessness.

90. CounterPunch: CP Books Imperial Crusades Iraq, afghanistan and Yugoslavia by Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair is Serpents in the Garden Liaisons with culture and Sex http://easycarts.net/ecarts/CounterPunch/CP_Books.html

CP Books CP Books CP Books and Subs CounterPunch Bookshop CounterPunch Subscriptions ... Vest and the Willing Victims Imperial Crusades: Iraq, Afghanistan and Yugoslavia by Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair is CounterPunch's scorching new chronicle of the last decade of war, from Clinton's assault on Yugoslavia to Bush Jr's wars on Afghanistan and Iraq. Price Quantity desired The Politics of Anti-Semitism The Politics of Anti-Semitism, edited by Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair, confronts how the slur of "anti-semite" has been used to intimidate critics of Israel's abuse of Palestinians. It includes essays by Uri Avnery, Edward Said, Michael Neumann and Bill and Kathy Christison. Price Quantity desired Whiteout: the CIA, Drugs and the Press Whiteout: the CIA, Drugs and the Press is a shocking chronicle of the US intellgence agencies' ties to drug runners, stretching from World War 2 through the Contra Wars and the Taliban in Afghanistan. Price Quantity desired Five Days That Shook the World Five Days That Shook the World: Seattle and Beyond is Cockburn and St. Clair's gripping account of the WTO protests in Seattle and the crackdown by police there and in subsequent protests across the next year in Philly, DC and Los Angeles. Price Quantity desired Men's T Shirt CounterPunch's hot new t-shirt featuring our new Cape Mendocino logo and our motto in Alexander Cockburn's script.

91. Culture Shock In Afghanistan StrategyPage.com The Online Magazine of the Art and Science of War and Intelligence. We cover current military technology trends, conflicts in all arenas of http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/200541702.asp

September 18, 2005 Home Prediction Market HTMW Wars ... Search The Perfect Soldier: Special Operations, Commandos, and the Future of Us Warfare by James F. Dunnigan More Books by James Dunnigan Dirty Little Secrets Send the text of this page to a friend Return to the DLS index/archive Go to the Hot Stuff index Culture Shock in Afghanistan by James Dunnigan April 16, 2005 Discussion Board on this DLS topic In Afghanistan, the new regular army is very much in flux and lacks a doctrinal focus. The senior officers are a mixed lot; some veterans of the pro-Soviet national army of the '70s and '80s, some veterans of the anti-Soviet resistance (including deserters from the old national army), some former warlords, and some veterans of the anti-Taliban resistance.  Then there are the new US/NATO trained officers. Naturally there's some overlap among all these groups. Quite a few of these officers spent the '90s in exile. This means that to some extent, the tactics adopted by a particular division or corps may vary depending upon who's in command; the Soviet trained guys are still inclined to use Soviet tactics. Aside from the new cadres being organized by the central government, most of the new divisions being raised are actually just warlord forces that have been co-opted by the government, often with the former warlord or some other local notable turned into a major general. Typically, what might be termed a "regional" division may have only 2,500-5,000 troops, almost all essentially light infantry with motor transport. Artillery and armor are rare, and even heavy weapons not all that common. Still, the manpower is good and usually willing to fight, and their opponents, the Taliban, angry tribesmen and bandits, are much less well equipped.

92. Asian Art, Asian Culture Amnesty International publications on afghanistan and the Taliban. . afghanistanWeb. General internet portal. Music, culture, history. http://www.zeroland.co.nz/ind12_art_index.html

Film Music Literature Philosophy ... Store Asian Art, Artists and Culture . The Arts of the Orient A web directory of Chinese, Central Asian and South-East Asian Art Web www.zeroland.co.nz A - G H - L M - R S - W ... Vietnam See also below: Art Periods, Art Movements Architecture Art History Artists Index ... Sculpture, Sculptors Asian Art and Culture . A Web Index General Asian Art Directories Arts of Asia An ezine on Asian arts. Published in Hong Kong since 1971 Arts of Asia has featured thousands of informative and educational articles on Asian art, culture and antiques! Search their back issues. Asia Art Archive. The Asia Art Archive (AAA) is the first ever non-profit research centre in Hong Kong dedicated to documenting the recent history of visual art from the region within an international context. To ensure continued support for and promote understanding of contemporary Asian art, the Archive believes that it is of the utmost importance to acquire, collate and catalogue material in this area and make its holdings easily accessible. Asia-Europe Culture Exchange. CulturE-ASEF is an information system in the Internet. It aims to support the cultural exchange between Asia and Europe by guiding interested parties to helpfulwebsites. A joint project with the Department for Cultural Exchange of the Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF). ... Virtual Art Gallery. Buddhist Images. AFGHANISTAN, ART AND CULTURE See also: Afghanistan Amnesty International publications on Afghanistan and the Taliban.

93. Afganisztán / Afghanistan :: Culture & Tourism Links : Kulturális és Idegenfo International catalogue of culture and tourism. Internationaler kultureller und touristischer Katalog. Nemzetközi kulturális és idegenforgalmi katalógus. http://katalogus.kulturinfo.hu/af.html

ország Afganisztán Albánia Algéria Amerikai Szamoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua és Barbuda Argentína Aruba Ausztria Ausztrália Azerbajdzsán Bahamák Bahrain Banglades Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhután Bissau-Guinea Bolívia Bosznia és Hercegovina Botswana Brazília Brunei Darussalam Bulgária Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cape Verde Central African Republic Ciprus Chile Comoros Cook Szigetek Costa Rica Csehország Csád Dánia Dél-Korea Dél-Afrika Dominika Dominikai Köztársaság Dzsibuti Ecuador Egyenlítõi Guinea Egyesült Arab Emírségek Egyiptom El Salvador Elefántcsontpart Eritrea Észak-Korea Észtország Etiópia Falkland Szigetek Faroe Szigetek Fehér-Oroszország Fidzsi Finnország Francia Guiana Franciaország Fülöp-szigetek Gabon Gambia Ghana Gibraltár Görögország Grenada Grönland Grúzia Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guyana Haiti Holland Antillák Hollandia Honduras Hong Kong Horvátország India Indonézia Irak Irán Írország Izland Izrael Jamaika Japán Jemen Jordánia Jugoszlávia Kajmán Szigetek Kambodzsa Kamerun Kanada Katar Kazahsztán Kenya Kína Kirgizisztán Kiribati Kolombia Kongó Kuba Kuvait Laosz Lengyelország Lesotho Lettország Libanon Libéria Líbia Liechtenstein Litvánia Luxemburg Macau Macedonia Madagaszkár Malawi Maldív Szigetek Mali Malájföld Málta Marokkó Marshall Szigetek Mauritania Mauritius Mexikó Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongólia Mozambik Nagy-Britannia Namíbia Nauru Németország Nepál Nicaragua Niger Nigéria Norvégia Nyugat-Szamoa Olaszország Oman Oroszország Örményország Pakisztán Palau Panama Pápua Új-Guinea Paraguay Peru Portugália Románia Ruanda Saint Kitts és Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent, Grenadines

94. Speaking With Greece S Minister Of Culture Greek Efforts In Greece has long been involved in efforts to protect afghanistan s to afghanistan will continue according to Minister of culture Evangelos Venizelos. http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/venizelos/afghan.html

Your browser does not support javascript Greek Efforts in Afghanistan "Speaking with Greece's Minister of Culture" March 19, 2002 Greece has long been involved in efforts to protect Afghanistan's cultural heritage. In the ultimately futile efforts to secure the national museum outside Kabul, Greece donated funds to increase security in 1993. There were plans in early 1996 for further work to safeguard museum with funds from Portugal, Cyprus, and a second Greek contribution (see " Museum under Siege ," April 20, 1998). In late September of that year, however, the Taliban took over the city. More recently, Greece was rebuffed in its offer to purchase objects from the museum when the Taliban ordered the destruction of non-Islamic antiquities (see " Destructive Frenzy in Afghanistan ," March 2, 2001, and " Cultural Terrorism ," May/June 2001). A double decadrachma (ca. 120 B.C.) of Amyntas, the king of Bactria, was one of six found in a hoard at Kunduz. The largest Greek coins ever minted (3.4 ounces), several were in the collection of Afghanistan's national museum. (Josephine Powell) Greek assistance to Afghanistan will continue according to Minister of Culture Evangelos Venizelos. "As you know we have special concern about the situation in Afghanistan because of the historical interconnection between Greece and Afghanistan," he said, refering to the fact that after conquering the region in 328 B.C., Alexander the Great establish the kingdom of Bactria and settled some of his soldiers there. "Because of that, we are very active in the team of countries working for the reconstruction of Kabul museum and the organization of an Afghan archaeological service. One of the most preeminent specialists about Afghan history and archaeology, Victor Sarianidis, is working with our own archaeological service on issues pertaining to Afghanistan. We have prepared, in cooperation with the Greek Foreign Ministry, the first archaeological mission to Afghanistan to assist not just financial but also with material aid under the auspices of UNESCO."

95. Rediscovering Afghanistan afghanistan in efforts to preserve and document its cultural resources. NEH has already provided support for projects on the history and culture of http://www.neh.gov/grants/guidelines/afghanistan.html

The National Endowment for the Humanities invites applications for projects that focus on Afghanistan's history and culture. The special initiative is designed to promote research, education, and public programs about Afghanistan and to encourage United States institutions to assist Afghanistan in efforts to preserve and document its cultural resources. Beginning in the eighth century with the rise of the Turkish Saffarid and Ghaznavid dynasties, Islam spread through Afghanistan. Saffarid and Ghaznavid artifacts from significant Muslim Arab sites illustrate a further blending of cultures. Afghan cities such as Herat and Balkh became centers of scholarly and literary activity, drawing such figures as the 10th-century Arabic-language author, al-Hamadhani. Afghanistan's literary tradition similarly reflects the diversity of its cultural and linguistic heritage, as exemplified by such figures as the 13th-century Dari poet, Jalal al-Din al-Rumi; the 17th-century Pashto poet, Khushhal Khan Khatak; and the Dari poet, Khalilullah Khalili, former Poet Laureate of Afghanistan (1907-1987). Today Afghanistan is looking to the future as well as the past. The last three years have produced extraordinary progress on political, economic, and physical reconstruction and a renewal of cultural and scholarly activities. Museums and archives now display art, artifacts, and other cultural resources that were protected throughout the years of Taliban control by brave individuals who risked their own lives to save them from destruction. Traditional arts, crafts, music, and dance have seen a revival of interest. New opportunities are emerging for Afghan scholars and institutions to collaborate with their counterparts in the United States and other countries, and for scholars, students, and institutions in the United States to rediscover Afghanistan.

96. Afghanistan - WARFARE AND CIVIC CULTURE afghanistan. WARFARE AND CIVIC culture. The SovietAfghan war has caused grave The very soul of afghanistan s cultural heritage was assaulted by the http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-80.html

Country Listing Afghanistan Table of Contents Afghanistan WARFARE AND CIVIC CULTURE The Soviet-Afghan war has caused grave injury to the civic culture of Afghanistan. The destruction and disruption wrought by the magnitude of the lethal technology employed was exponentially greater than that of any previous invasion in the past. In addition to extensive ecological damage, including the vicious destruction of Kabul that dwarfs anything previously experienced, the war stretched taught the fabric of the society, threatening to undermine its confidence. National traits once honored hallmarks of Afghan character were jeopardized. Tolerance for others. Forthrightness. Aversion to fanatics. Respect for women. Loyalty to colleagues and classmates. Dislike for ostentation. Commitment to academic freedom. All were compromised. Two generations of children have grown up without knowing the joys of childhood, their lives concentrated instead on how to avoid death and deal with emotions associated with death. The war has left terrible scars on minds as well as bodies. These scars threaten to undermine the traditional social infrastructure which served for decades to dampen ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic differences in this complex multicultural society. The deep apprehensions, amounting to fear among many, that prevail under Taliban rule despite an acknowledged improvement in security, have resulted in the breakdown of trust which makes the organization of cooperative community projects difficult. This compounds the fact that many Afghans who benefitted from largely free services while in exile developed complacent attitudes leading them to expect others to do for them what once they expected to do for themselves. Their vaunted self-reliance was thus eroded.

97. The Daily Star - Arts & Culture - Afghanistan Mourns Pop Singer’s Tragic Death KABUL afghanistan, where music was once banned by the harsh Taliban regime, More Arts culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=4&article_id=1495

98. Powell's Books - An Unexpected Light: Travels In Afghanistan By Jason Elliot Humorous, honest and wry, a devotee of afghanistan s culture, Elliot strives to debunk the myth of the inscrutability of the East and paint, http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=0312288468

99. Culture: Afghanistan: Selected Internet Resources (Portals To The World, Library Selected Internet Resources afghanistan . Portals to the World contain selective links providing authoritative, indepth information about the nations and http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/afghanistan/resources/afghanistan-cultu

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Afghanistan Find in Portals Web Pages Global Gateway Pages All Library Web Pages Culture: Afghanistan Created and maintained by the Collections and Services Directorate Afghanistan online (http://www.afghan-web.com/) Provides extensive news and information on Afghanistan, featuring economy, culture, geography, languages, history, politics, sports, plants, animals, and weather forecasts. Central Asian Studies World Wide (http://www.fas.harvard.edu/%7Ecasww/) Academic resources for the study of Central Asia maintained by Harvard University. Central Eurasian Studies World Wide (http://cesww.fas.harvard.edu/Guide%5Fto%5FResources.html) Sponsored by the Harvard Program on Central Asia and the Caucasus, CASWW provides extensive resources for the scholarly study of Central Asia and the Caucasus. Internet Access and Training Program (IATP (not offered in Afghanistan) look below for IREX programs in Afghanistan) (http://www.irex.org/neareast/afghanistan/index.asp) IATP is a program for the countries of the U.S. Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, which is funded under the Freedom Support Act and Administered by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) to help the post Soviet countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia ‘strengthen indigenous institutions by providing US government program alumni and others in Eurasia with free and open Internet access and training in the use of electronic mail and the Internet."

100. November 29, 2001-Vol33n12: Electronic Highways The Torontobased Afghan Network http//www.afghan-network.net/culture/ its Web site to afghanistan s culture, including holidays, traditional costumes, http://www.buffalo.edu/reporter/vol33/vol33n12/eh.html

VOLUME 33, NUMBER 12 THURSDAY, November 29, 2001 Afghan Cultures and Traditions The war on terrorism, currently being fought in Afghanistan, targets the al-Qaeda terrorist network and its sponsors, rather than the Afghan people. However, the interest of the world in the country of Afghanistan has been piqued. Some of the Web sites listed here will allow the reader to become better informed about the people, the history, the culture and the land of Afghanistan. A good chronology of Afghan history can be found at Afghanistan Online http://www.afghan-web.com/history/ . Divided into four parts, it covers a time span from the prehistoric era up to the present, although it does not include the events of the past two months. The site also contains the texts of the five constitutions in place from 1923 to 1990, and also features more in-depth articles on such historical topics as "Medieval Jewish community of Afghanistan" and "The Role of Afghanistan in the fall of the USSR." The Toronto-based Afghan Network http://www.afghan-network.net/Culture/

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