61. Experiments With Acids And Bases Article on the realisation of experiments on acids and bases. http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/acids/acids.htm

Experiments with ACIDS and BASES G. Carboni March 2004 Translation edited by Harry C. Brown CONTENTS Introduction Cautions A chemical reaction Acids, Bases and pH ... Bibliography INTRODUCTION This time, we will do some simple chemistry experiments to begin learning about acids and bases. We will see how the acidity of substances is measured; we will learn about some acid-base indicators; we will produce pH indicating papers; we will do a titration of vinegar; we will search for natural indicating substances and we will determine the color scale of them. In most cases, we will use household substances. We will use also some substances and devices bought especially for our experiments. The experiments we will describe are suited to be performed not only in schools, but also at home and for your own personal interest. Their difficulty differs from one case to another, and it is up to the teacher or parent to choose the experiment to be performed and to adapt the explanations to the level of preparation of his or her students. CAUTIONS Never use dangerous substances. Do not use strong acids or bases. Do not put dangerous chemicals in containers for food use (i.e: cups, glasses, bottles) because they could be mistaken for beverages or foods. Never leave dangerous chemicals around the house; work instead in a room like a laboratory, a cellar, or a garage. At the end of the experiments, empty the beakers and wash them. Place the containers of the remaining substances which you want to preserve in suitable places, out of reach of children. Write on the containers their contents and dangerousness. While using ammonia, work in the open air or in an airy room with open windows. As soon as you have taken the amount of ammonia you need, close its container. Boys and girls should keep at least 2 m distant, and upwind. An adult must always be present during these experiments. In any case, we do not assume any liability.

62. Acids And Bases Strong acids and bases completely dissociate to form ionic species. There is noneof the original acid or base left in solution. Weak acids and bases only http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem3070/3070M07.HTM

Acids and Bases ACIDS donate protons to water to form hydronium ions taste sour turn cabbage juice red turn litmus paper red BASES donate hydroxyl groups accept protons taste bitter feel slimey turn cabbage juice yellow, green or blue depending upon the solution concentration turn litmus paper blue pH The concentration of hydrogen ions is measured on a logrithmic scale: pH = - log [H O Table 1 shows the correlation between hydrogen ion concentration and pH. A solution with a low pH is acidic, and a solution with a high pH is basic. Solutions at a pH of 7 are neutral. Recipe for Cabbage juice: fill a blender with pieces of red (purple) cabbage add water blend to smithereens filter cabbage juice using a coffee filter The juice can be used to make a rainbow of colors corresponding to various (approximate) pH values. Strong acids and bases completely dissociate to form ionic species. There is none of the original acid or base left in solution. Weak acids and bases only partially dissociate to form some ions and there is still some of the original acid or base present in solution. For example, a .1M solution of HCl has a pH of 1, because all of the HCl reacts with water to form H O ions. Therefore all the moles that were once HCl are now H

63. Acids And Bases acids and bases An acid is a proton donor, a base is a proton acceptor . Some general reactions of acids. 1. Acid + Base Salt + Water http://www.revision-notes.co.uk/revision/262.html

RevisionNotes.Co.Uk - Free Revision and Course Notes for UK Students Home GCSE Chemistry : Acids and Bases Revision Notes GCSE A-Level University IB User Options Search My Revision Notes Bookmark Page Contribute Contribute Work Other Sites AcademicDB Coursework.Info Acids and Bases Bookmark this page Metal oxides dissolve to form alkaline solutions. Non-metal oxides dissolve to form acidic solutions. Indicators are used to show whether a solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral by the way their colours change. Some common indicators are: Universal Indicator, Litmus, Methyl Orange and Phenolphthalein. base is a substance that neutralises an acid. An alkali is a soluble base. (All alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis) in solution. in solution. neutralisation reaction. The hydrogen ions react with the hydroxide ions to form water. H (aq) + OH (aq) H O (l) Some general reactions of acids Acid + Base Salt + Water Acid + Carbonate Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen N.B. Metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series (copper, silver, gold) will not react with acids.

64. 19 - Acids And Bases 19.2.7 Strong acids have weak conjugate bases. Strong bases have weak conjugateacids A strong acid has a large Ka value (or a small pKa value). http://www.revision-notes.co.uk/revision/128.html

RevisionNotes.Co.Uk - Free Revision and Course Notes for UK Students Home IB Chemistry : 19 - Acids and Bases Revision Notes GCSE A-Level University IB User Options Search My Revision Notes Bookmark Page Contribute Contribute Work Other Sites AcademicDB Coursework.Info 19 - Acids and Bases Bookmark this page 19.1 Lewis theory 19.1.1 : A lewis acid is defined as a species which accepts an electron pair to form a dative/coordinate covalent bond. A lewis base is a species which donates an electron pair to form such a bond. This is a special type of covalent bond because the bond is formed by two electrons from one species and none from the other. This often occurs in the formation of complex ions (or in BL acid/base reactions because the H ion has no electrons, and so must accept a pair to bond with anything...Lewis theory is more general than BL). 19.2 Calculations involving acids and bases 19.2.1 : H O (l) (aq) + OH (aq) . K w =[H ][OH ] The value of K w is 1 x 10 at 25c but varies with temperature. 19.2.2 : pH = -log[H+] (pH is the negative log of the concentration of H ions), pOH = -log[OH

65. Acids And Bases Experiment acids and bases. This JAVA applet is designed to help you to Try the Tutorial for Experiment acids and bases for suggestions and help. http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ronutt/che115/AcidBase/AcidBase.htm

Experiment: Acids and Bases a = 1.8E-5; nitrous acid, K a = 4.0E-4) or base (ammonia, K b = 1.8E-5) from the first pop-up menu and enter desired volume in mL ( volume <= 100 mL ) in the box to the right. If you select "None" in the pop-up menu, then enter mL for the volume. Next, select a salt from the list (sodium acetate, ammonium chloride, or sodium nitrite) in the second pop-up menu and enter the volume in the box to the right. If you select "None", then enter mL for the volume. Finally, select "None," HCl, or NaOH from the third pop-menu and enter the desired volume in mL in the box to the right. Enter mL if you select "None." Click the "pH" button to initiate the animation. At the end of the animation a few drops of a Universal indicator are added to the solution. Use the color chart on the right to obtain the approximate pH of the solution. To repeat the experiment or begin a new experiment, click the "Reset" button and follow the same procedure. techniques discussed in class to calculate the pH. To check your calculated pH or to obtain help with the calculation, click the "Help" button. A second window will appear. Enter the initial molarities the values found in the Initial row of the Equilibrium Table of the weak acid or base, the salt, and HCl or NaOH; the value of the equilibrium constant; and your calculated pH. Next click the "Enter" button. Confirmation of the correct pH or suggestions for calculating the correct pH are displayed. If your pH is incorrect, use the suggestions and recalculate the pH. To check the recalculated pH click the "Clear" button, enter the new values, and then click the "Enter" button. Continue in this manner until you have computed the correct pH.

66. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Acids And Bases A searchable database of frequently asked questions from the acids and basessection of General Chemistry Online. http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq.shtml

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Construction Kits Companion Notes ... FAQ Acids and bases: Frequently asked questions Basic concepts and definitions Why are acids called proton donors? Why can't hydrogen ions exist by themselves? How is [H ] found from pH? ... What is pH? Buffer solutions What is the buffer system in buffered aspirin? Which species in a NH Cl/NH buffer reacts with acid? ... How do I prepare a phosphate buffer solution with a specific pH? Calculating pH How does hydrolysis enter into pH calculations? How do I calculate the pH for a strong acid solution after dilution? Equilibrium constants How is pK a related to pK b ... 's on the Web? Indicators What indicators change from clear to colored? What household substances can be used as acid/base indicators? What is methyl orange? How is it made? What are some natural acid/base indicators? ... Are all acid/base indicators water-based? Neutralization reactions Which reacts more vigorously with limestone: glacial acetic acid or 5% acetic acid? How can copper sulfate be made by a neutralization reaction? What are the products of the reaction between limestone and acidic water? Is any toxic gas produced when acetic acid and limestone react? Strong and weak acids and bases Is ammonia a weak base?

67. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Acids And Bases: What Household Substances Can Be What household substances can be used as acid/base indicators? From a databaseof frequently asked questions from the acids and bases section of General http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq/household-indicators.s

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Construction Kits Companion Notes ... Next Question What household substances can be used as acid/base indicators? Vocabulary acid anthocyanin base chemical change ... pH In theory, any substance that undergoes a reversible chemical change when pH changes can be used as an acid-base indicator. In practice, a sharp change in some easily detectable property of the substance is required. Usually, the property is color; but other properties such as odor can also change with pH. Here's a partial list of house and garden materials that can be used as acid/base indicators. Notice that most of the materials are derived from plants. Almost any flower, fruit, or plant part that is red, blue, or purple contains a class of chemical compounds called anthocyanins that change color with pH. The color of a flower or fruit depends on which anthocyanins are present, the pH of the pigment-bearing tissues, and the presence of other pigments, like yellow flavones. To learn more about why indicator molecules change color with pH, see Water to Wine Baking soda , NaHCO , fizzes when added to an acidic solution, but no change occurs in basic solution. The reaction is

68. The Basics Of Acids And Bases acids and bases play a key role in the chemistry that affects your daily life.Many manufacturing processes use acids and bases. Your body needs acids and http://www.scs.k12.tn.us/STT99_WQ/STT99/Bolton_HS/tippette/WEBQUEST/WQUEST.HTM

The Basics of Acids and Bases a WebQuest for high school chemistry by Eric Tippett Introduction Task Resources Process ... Conclusion Introduction The Task In this WebQuest assignment, you will : describe and compare the properties of acids and bases describe and compare three models of acids and bases (Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis, Arrhenius) distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases classify common substances as acidic or basic discuss the potential problem of acid rain. Resources In addition to your chemistry text, the following websites will be available to you: Acid and Base pH Tutorial Chem 4 Kids Acids and Bases Chemtutor Acids and Bases CHEMystery Acids and Bases ... SWOOPE Acid Rain Project All of these sites have good information that can help you in this project, and many of them have links to other useful sites that are related to acids and bases. The Process To do this project, you will first need to assemble into groups of 3. This project can basically (ha-ha) be broken down into 4 assignments: Assignment 1 In this assignment, your group will construct a visual poster presentation that compares the properties of acids and bases. In addition, you will construct a visual presentation that compares three models of acids and bases: Arrhenius, Bronsted -Lowry, and Lewis. You should be extremely thorough and as detailed as possible. Be as creative as you can, gathering materials from the Internet and outside journal sources . Be prepared to present your findings to the rest of the class. As a group, you may divide up the assignment responsibilities as you decide. Also

69. GCSE Notes On PH, ACIDS, BASES And SALTS - At Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic. KS3 GCSE chemistry pH, Indicators, acids, bases and Salts - at Doc Brown s ChemistryClinic. revise,revising,revision,GCSE,neutralisation,neutralization,acid http://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page03/AcidsBasesSalts.htm

best viewed 1024 x 768 all GCSE Chemistry REVISION NOTES doc b's HOMEPAGE All KS3 SCIENCE links (~US gr 6-8) All GCSE CHEMISTRY links (~US gr 9-10) AS-A2 CHEMISTRY links (~US gr 11-12) Chemistry support for any GCSE syllabus Selection of chemistry websites Variety of chemistry articles 8Teachers corner 9. About the site and author Element data links KS4-GCSE multiple choice quizzes KS4-GCSE structured chemistry questions KS4-GCSE short answer chemistry Q's KS4-GCSE multi-word-fill chemistry Q's KS4-GCSE matching pair chemistry Q's KS4-GCSE chemistry crosswords AS-A2 CHEMISTRY misc. structured Q's AS-A2 CHEMISTRY multiple choice Q's AS-A2 CHEMISTRY short answer Q's AS-A2 CHEMISTRY revision notes AS-A2 CHEMISTRY matching pair Q's My Salters AS CHEMISTRY homepage My Salters A2 CHEMISTRY homepage My Salters AS-A2 CHEMISTRY index other LINKS updated July 25th 2005 Click for section: Examples of uses of this sort of chemistry * The pH scale, indicators and some 'ionic neutralisation theory' * Examples of acid, neutral or alkaline solutions * Reactions of acids-neutralisation with metals/oxides/hydroxides/carbonates * Reactions of bases-alkalis-neutralisation * Two methods of making water soluble salts * Changes in pH in a neutralisation * Summary of important formulae * Further examples of word/symbol equations Multiple choice revision quizzes easy start KS3 m/c quiz then Foundation GCSE and finally Higher GCSE (if appropriate) * also some easy start word-fills on some basic ideas ex KS3 and

70. PinkMonkey.com - Chemistry Study Guide -12.5 Strong And Weak Acids And Bases Properties of acids and bases. PROPERTY acids bases. 1) Physical Properties.a) Taste Sour Bitter a) Neutralizes bases to give salt Neutralizes acids to http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/chem/chap12/c1212501.asp

Support the Monkey! Tell All your Friends and Teachers Free College Search Click Here Get the "Dirt" on your College! Get a Scholarship! See What's New on the Message Boards today! The Unofficial Guide to College Home ... New Title Request Win a $1000 or more Scholarship to college! Please Take our User Survey WebMasters Click Here The strength of any acid depends upon the extent to which it gives hydrogen ions in solution. If the concentration of H ions in a solution is high the acid is said to be strong. e.g. HCl, H SO , HNO etc. If the concentration of H ions in a solution is low the acid is said to be weak. e.g. Oxalic, tartaric, H CO etc. Similarly, strong bases are those, which when dissolved in water, readily give OH ions. e.g. NaOH, KOH On the other hand, weak bases are those which when dissolved in water ionize to a small extent (do not readily give OH ions). e.g. NH OH, Mg(OH) , Ca (OH) Properties of Acids and Bases NaOH + HCl NaCl + H KBr + H O to CO 2KCl + CO + H O Na CO + H O ZnCl + H Cl + Ca(OH) O + 2NH next page Index 12.1 - Lowry and Bronsted Concept

71. Acids And Bases Science Fair Projects And Experiments acids and bases Science Fair Projects and Experiments. http://www.juliantrubin.com/topicprojects/acidsbasesprojects.html

jokes and science Scientific American Likes Our Site Science Fair Projects and Experiments Top Site Science Fair Home Jokes and Science Science Directory Science Trivia ... Your Guide to Science Fair Projects Acids and Bases Science Fair Projects and Experiments Topics, Ideas, Experiments, Reference Resources and Sample Projects Main Index Web www.juliantrubin.com Science Fair Books The Scientific American Book of Great Science Fair Projects Middle School Science Fair Projects Sure-to-Win Science Fair Projects Acid and Bases in Food Sciences Does controlled atmosphere storage affect the malic acid and starch levels in apples? S The effect of maturity level on malic acid, brix, and starch levels in various apples S The measurement of the acidity of soft drinks by pH level and metal erosion S S S S The effect of temperature and Air exposure on the ascorbic acid content of orange juice S The effects of pH level on apple juice fermentation S Acids and Bases in Medicine Which allergy nasal decongestant dissolved the fastest in water and simulated stomach acid? S Investigate how the digestion of protein varies at different pH levels S Which antacid can neutralize the most stomach acid?

72. Acids And Bases When you have finished this page, try the acids and bases Quiz. acids and basesare two groups of chemicals that have some things in common when they are http://www.mcwdn.org/chemist/acidbase.html

Acids and Bases When you have finished this page, try the Acids and Bases Quiz Acids and bases are two groups of chemicals that have some things in common when they are dissolved in a liquid such as water. Acids in water solutions show certain properties. They taste sour and turn litmus paper red. They react with metals like zinc to give off hydrogen. Bases in water solutions also show certain properties or characteristics. They taste bitter and and turn litmus paper blue. They also have a slimey or slippery texture to them. Differences in Acids and Bases in Solutions Acids Bases Tastes sour Tastes bitter Turns litmus paper red Turns litmus paper blue Reacts with some metals to give off hydrogen gas. Feels slimey or slippery to the touch. Acids and bases can also be grouped as inorganic or organic. Below are several charts of some of the acids and bases. Inorganic and Organic Acids Inorganic Acids Organic Acids Hydrogen Chloride Citric Acid - found in lemons, times, oranges, pineapples HO2CCH2C(OH)(CO2H)CH2CO2H

73. Determining Acids And Bases - An Educator S Reference Desk Lesson Plan TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Discuss and make a chart of acids, bases and neutrals.Identify the potential harm acids and bases can create. http://eduref.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Chemistry/CHM

Search Lessons Write a Lesson Plan Guide Selection Criteria Printer friendly text Lesson Plan #:AELP-CHM0012 Determining Acids and Bases An Educator's Reference Desk Lesson Plan Author: Melodie Hill, Lewis©Arriola Elem., CO Date: May 1994 These lesson plans are the result of the work of the teachers who have attended the Columbia Education Center's Summer Workshop. CEC is a consortium of teacher from 14 western states dedicated to improving the quality of education in the rural, western, United States, and particularly the quality of math and science Education. CEC uses Big Sky Telegraph as the hub of their telecommunications network that allows the participating teachers to stay in contact with their trainers and peers that they have met at the Workshops. Grade Level(s): Subject(s): Science/Chemistry OVERVIEW: An introduction to using indicators to determine acids and bases. PURPOSE: To introduce acidity/alkalinity of substances using an indicator to determine their differences and safety precautions in handling of each. OBJECTIVES: The student will use purple cabbage indicator to test five known substances for acidic/alkaline balance. The student will discuss the safety precautions required both inside and outside a lab in handling acids and bases. RESOURCES/MATERIALS:

74. Chem - Topic 9 - Acids And Bases 9.1.1 Properties of acids and bases in aqueous solutions on stuff nb the termalkali Reaction of acids with bases They will often produce water, http://homepage.mac.com/stray/ib/chem/SSC/topic9.html

Topic 9 - Acids and Bases 9.1 Properties of acids and bases 9.1.1 : Properties of acids and bases in aqueous solutions on stuff...nb...the term alkali refers to a base dissolved in water. Indicators...they change color depending on whether they're in acidic or basic conditions...each one's different, so I suppose I'd better list some common ones... Methyl orange Bromophenol blue Methyl red Bromothymol blue Phenolphtalein Acid red yellow red yellow colorless Base yellow blue yellow blue red Each one change color as a different pH, and so there will be cases where one is useful and others are not. (not really necessary is SL?) O + NaCl. + H Acids with carbonates...will produce water and CO ie 2HCl + CaCO + H O + CaCl 9.1.2 : Experimental properties of acids and bases...when acids and bases neutralize, the reaction is noticeably exothermic (ie heat can be felt coming from the reaction). Obviously, they will have an effect on the color of indicators as described above. The hydrogen produced in the reaction of acids with metal will produce a 'pop' sound if a match is held to it, and the CO from the carbonate reaction will turn limewater a milky white when bubbled trough it.

75. PH: Acids And Bases Liquids can either be neutral, an acid, or a base. A pH of 7 is neutral, First, we re going to prepare samples of a mild acid and base. http://www.galaxy.net/~k12/water/ph.shtml

pH: ACIDS AND BASES THINK FIRST! Liquids can either be neutral, an acid, or a base. A pH of 7 is neutral, a pH of 1-6 is acidic, and a pH of 8-14 is basic or alkaline. Liquids that are very acidic (pH of 1-2) or very alkaline (pH of 13-14) are dangerous and can burn you. What do you think the pH of drinking water is? MATERIALS 1 pH scale 1 paper towel 4 jars 7 labels 3 spoons 4 1-inch pieces of pH paper measuring cups measuring spoons water vinegar baking soda PROCEDURE 1. First, we're going to prepare samples of a mild acid and base. So that we can keep them straight, label the jars A, B, C and D. 2. Label the spoons A, B and D. 3. Put 1/4 cup of water in each of jars A, B and C. 4. Add 1 teaspoon of vinegar to the "A" jar and mix with the "A" spoon. 5. Add 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda to the "B" jar and mix with the "B" spoon until it is all dissolved. 6. pH paper changes to different colors depending on the pH of the solution being tested. Test the pH of the A, B and C solutions by briefly dipping the pH paper in the solution and immediately checking the color against the pH scale. What type of liquid is this? Jar pH Type (acid, base, neutral)

76. Acids And Bases Table of Contents. http://www.okstate.edu/jgelder/acidandbase.html

Table of Contents

77. Acids And Bases Example Essays.com - Over 101,000 Essays, Term Papers And Book R acids and bases play a central role in chemistry because, with the exception ofredox reactions, every chemical reaction can be classified an as acidbase http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/89016.html

Questions? Comments? Acceptable Use Policy Tech Support LOG IN! ... Click HERE for Instant Access This is a short summary of this paper! Already a member? Go here to log in and view the entire paper! Acids And Bases Acids and bases play a central role in chemistry because, with the exception of redox reactions, every chemical reaction can be classified an as acid-base reaction. Our understanding of chemical reactions as acid-base interactions comes from the wide acceptance of the Lewis definition of acids and bases, which supplanted both the earlier Bronsted-Lowry concept and the first definitionthe Arrhenius model. Arrhenius first defined acids as proton (H) producers in aqueous solution and bases as hydroxide (OH) producers. Although this model is intuitively correct, it is limited to substances that include proton and hydroxide groups. Lewis gave us the more general definition of acids and bases that we use today. According to Lewis, acids are electron pair acceptors and bases are electron pair donors. Any chemic Approximate Word count = 549 Approximate Pages = 2 (250 words per page double spaced) Want to view this paper along with other term papers, essays, and book reports?

78. Acids & Bases Example Essays.com - Over 101,000 Essays, Term Papers And Book Rep acids and bases are opposites but are alike in many ways. First, a base, a baseis anything that forms a hydroxide ion in water. bases are corrosive. http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/25664.html

Questions? Comments? Acceptable Use Policy Tech Support LOG IN! ... Click HERE for Instant Access This is a short summary of this paper! Already a member? Go here to log in and view the entire paper! Acids and bases are opposites but are alike in many ways. First, a base, a base is anything that forms a hydroxide ion in water. Bases are corrosive. Bases eat through other chemicals and other substances that is their job. Examples of these are antacids, eggs, household ammonias, and drain cleaners. Bases have a PH balance of above eight and no higher then fourteen. Next are Acids. An Approximate Word count = 270 Approximate Pages = 1 (250 words per page double spaced) Want to view this paper along with other term papers, essays, and book reports? Instant access , single user memberships can be purchased online with a credit card or online check! Membership Plans Credit Card Check Phone Savings 30 Day membership (recurring billing) 30 Day membership (non-recurring billing) 90 Day membership (recurring billing) 180 Day membership (non-recurring billing) Once you have registered for an Account, No refunds can be issued.

79. ACIDS, BASES And BUFFERS acids and bases vary in strength. The term strength is a measure of how A strong acid or base ionises to a large extent and markedly changes the pH of http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/08365/h&pacba.htm

INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY MODULE ACIDS, BASES AND BUFFERS Use this glossary of links to navigate to selected parts of this section of the Introductory Biochemistry module. Water Concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions Acids Bases ... Buffers Water Almost all chemical reactions occur in solution. Water is the most common solvent for these reactions. Water is also the universal solvent for all biological systems. Water molecules can dissociate (at a very low rate) to form : hydronium ions (H ) and hydroxide ions (OH Concentration of hydronium and hydroxide Ions Equal concentrations of H O and OH are formed each time a water molecule dissociates. It can be shown experimentally that in pure water : [H O ] = [OH mol/l When the relative concentration of H O and OH is equal in a solution it is described as neutral. Acids An acid is defined as a proton donor. If a substance capable of dissociating to yield H is added to water, the H will combine with water molecules to form more H O The result will be that in this solution now : [H O The substance added which donated the H is termed an acid and the aqueous solution in which [H O ] is termed acidic.

80. MSN Encarta - Acids And Bases Great books about your topic, acids and bases, selected by Encarta editors acids and bases, two classes of chemical compounds that display generally http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562874/Acids_and_Bases.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Acids and Bases Acids and Bases more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Acids and Bases Search for books and more related to Acids and Bases Encarta Search Search Encarta about Acids and Bases Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Acids and Bases ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Acids and Bases Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 3 items Article Outline Introduction Early Theories Br¸nsted-Lowry Theory Measuring Acid or Base Strength I Introduction Print Preview of Section Acids and Bases , two classes of chemical compounds that display generally opposite characteristics. Acids taste sour, turn litmus (a pink dye derived from lichens) red, and often react with some metals to produce hydrogen gas. Bases taste bitter, turn litmus blue, and feel slippery. When aqueous (water) solutions of an acid and a base are combined, a neutralization reaction occurs. This reaction is characteristically very rapid and generally produces water and a salt. For example, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, NaOH, yield water and sodium sulfate: H SO O + Na SO II Early Theories Print Preview of Section Modern understanding of acids and bases began with the discovery in 1834 by the English physicist Michael Faraday that acids, bases, and salts are electrolytes. That is, when they are dissolved in water, they produce a solution that contains charged particles, or ions, and can conduct an electric current

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