21. Acids And Bases acids bases Problem Setacids and bases Problem set. In this problem set, you will learn about the solventproperties of water, pH, pKa and buffering capacity. http://lrc-srvr.mps.ohio-state.edu/under/chemed/qbank/quiz/bank12.htm

Acids and Bases Previous Test Bank Test Banks Menu Next Test Bank Solutions of Strong Acids and Bases Conjugate Acids and Bases pH Calculations from Acid Concentration pH for a Solution of a Base Hydronium Ion Concentration from pH Hydroxide Ion Concentration from pH Effect of Temperature on K w Strength of Conjugate Acid and Base Pairs Acid Equilibrium and Lechatelier's Principle Manipulating K a Values Hydronium Ion [H O ] from Ionization Constant Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration from Ionization of Hydrated Metal Ions Ionization Constant from Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration Ionization Constant of Hydrated Metal Ions from Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration pH from Acid Concentration and Ionization Constant Calculations Using Quadratic Formula Qualitative Observations on the Hydrolysis of Salts Acid/conjugate Base Ratios Hydrolysis Constant from Ionization Constant Hydroxide Ion Concentration from Hydrolysis Hydronium Ion Concentration from Hydrolysis pH from Hydrolysis Hydronium Ion Concentration for a Buffer Solution pH of a Buffer Solution pH for Buffer Solution from pK a Polyprotic Acids Strength of Acids Percent Ionization Using Quadratic Expression K a from Percent Ionization Equivalent Weight of An Acid pH During a Titration Undergraduate Chemistry Department Home Chemistry Undergrad Home Undergraduate Program ... College of Math and Physical Sciences Web Support: email Computer Support: Computer Staff

22. CHEMystery: Acids And Bases acids and bases were first identified as specific types of compounds because oftheir behavior in aqueous solutions. acids and bases Protonic acids and http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/acidbase/

Acids and Bases Return to the Main CHEMystery Page Acids and bases were first identified as specific types of compounds because of their behavior in aqueous solutions. Acids and Bases Protonic Acids and Hydroxide Bases Lewis Acids and Lewis Bases Electrolytes ... pH Scale

23. CHEMystery: Acids And Bases acids and bases were first identified as specific types of compounds because of acids and bases relate to each other in Conjugate Pairs, somewhat like http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/acidbase/acidsandbases.html

Acids and Bases Return to the Acids and Bases Page. An Acid is a substance that produces H O (H ) when it is dissolved in water. It is a proton donor and an electron pair acceptor or a species that donates protons. For example: HCl, NH , AlCl A Base is a substance that produces an OH NH Acids and bases were first identified as specific types of compounds because of their behavior in aqueous solutions. Acids and bases relate to each other in Conjugate Pairs , somewhat like husbands and wives. For every acid there is a conjugate base; and for every base there is a conjugate acid. Just like every husband has a wife and vice versa. The two members of the conjugate pair are related by the donating and accepting of a single proton. The equation below, Equation (1) , demonstrates a power struggle going on between the two couples and within them. There is a competition for which base, H O, (keep in mind that H O can act as an acid or a base because it auto-ionizes itself, meaning it gives protons back and forth within itself, thus acting as both an acid and a base;) See Equation (2) . Then A will get the proton. The winner is the stronger base which has a greater affinity for H+ and everything will go its way. This base will determine whether the equation goes to the right or the left at equilibrium.

24. Exploring Acids And Bases The most striking property of both acids and bases is their ability to change A common vegetable whose color responds to acids and bases is red cabbage. http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/HomeExpts/ACIDBASE.html

Acids are materials that have certain properties in common. Bases (also called alkalis) are other substances with a different set of properties. In these experiments, you will investigate some of these properties with materials that are found around your home. In addition, you will learn how chemists use the pH scale to describe acids and bases. The most striking property of both acids and bases is their ability to change the color of certain vegetable materials. A common vegetable whose color responds to acids and bases is red cabbage. The first step in this experiment is to prepare an extract of red cabbage, so you can investigate its color changes. Place about 500 milliliters (2 cups) of red cabbage cut into 2.5-centimeter (1-inch) cubes into a blender or food processor. Add about 250 milliliters (1 cup) of water and blend the mixture until the cabbage has been chopped into uniformly tiny pieces. Strain the mixture by pouring it through a sieve. This strained liquid, the red-cabbage extract, will be used for exploring acids and bases. The color of the cabbage extract with vinegar is the color the extract has when it is mixed with an acid. Save the mixture in this glass to use as a reference in the rest of the experiment.

25. Acids And Bases - PH Chemistry Here are lecture notes, tutorials, definitions, study guides, tables, selfquizzesand other resources to make those acid-base and pH problems easier. http://chemistry.about.com/od/acidsbases/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Chemistry General Chemistry ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Chemistry newsletter! See Online Courses Search Chemistry Acids, Bases, and pH Here are lecture notes, tutorials, definitions, study guides, tables, self-quizzes and other resources to make those acid-base and pH problems easier. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Acid-Base Indicators Learn what an acid-base indicator is and how it works. A table is provided with names of indicators, pH indicator ranges, indicator concentrations in water or alcohol, and colors. Acid and Base Definitions Your Guide presents Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases. Lists of properties of acids and bases and common examples are provided. Balancing Redox Reactions Get step-by-step instructions for balancing redox reactions for conservation of mass and charge in electrochemistry. Basics of Acids and Bases Quiz How well do you understand the basic concepts of acids, bases, and pH? Here's a ten question multiple choice and true/false quiz you can take to test yourself.

26. Weak Acids And Bases Weak acids and bases are only partially ionized in their solutions, The ionization of weak acids and bases is a chemical equilibrium phenomenon. http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/wkacids.html

CAcT HomePage Weak Acids and Bases Skills to develop Define a weak acid or base. Calculate pH and pOH of a weak acid or base solution using simple formula, quadratic equation, and including autoionization of water. Calculate the pH or pOH quickly. Weak Acids and Bases Weak acids and bases are only partially ionized in their solutions, whereas strong acids and bases are completely ionized when dissolve in water. Common Weak Acids Acid Formula Formic HCOOH Acetic CH COOH Trichloroacetic CCl COOH Hydrofluoric HF Hydrocyanic HCN Hydrogen sulfide H S Water H O Conjugate acids of weak bases NH Common Weak Bases Base Formula ammonia NH trimethyl ammonia N(CH pyridine C H N ammonium hydroxide NH OH water H O HS ion HS conjugate bases of weak acids e.g.: HCOO Some common weak acids and bases are given here. Furthermore, weak acids and bases are very common, and we encounter them often both in the academic problems and in everyday life. The ionization of weak acids and bases is a chemical equilibrium phenomenon. The equilibrium principles are essential for the understanding of equilibria of weak acids and weak bases. The conjugate acid-base pairs have been discussed in Acids and Bases . In this connection, you probably realize that

27. Strong Acids And Bases Give the names and formulas of some strong acids and bases. Explain the pH scale,and convert pH Evaluate solution pH and pOH of strong acids or bases. http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/stacids.html

CAcT HomePage Strong Acids and Bases Skills to develop Give the names and formulas of some strong acids and bases. Explain the pH scale, and convert pH and [HSUP>+ Evaluate solution pH and pOH of strong acids or bases. Strong Acids and Bases The animation here shows the formation of H O ions and OH ions in an aqueous system. Acids and bases that are completely ionized when dissolved in water are called strong acids and strong bases There are only a few strong acids and bases, and everyone should know their names and properties. These acids are often used in industry and everyday life. The concentrations of acids and bases are often expressed in terms of pH, and as an educated person, you should have the skill to convert concentrations into pH and pOH. The pH is an indication of the hydrogen ion concentration, [H Strong Acids Strong acids Type Formula Hydrogen halides HCl HBr HI Oxyacids of halogens, HClO HClO HBrO HBrO HIO HIO Sulfuric acid H SO Nitric acid HNO Strong acids are acids that are completely or nearly 100% ionized in their solutions. Here are some common strong acids: Ionization of a strong acid HA can be represented by: HA = H + A x x where x is the concentration of H , [H ]. For a strong acid, [H

28. The Science Spot: Chemistry - Acids & Bases Chemistry Links acids bases ChemTutor acids bases Properties ofacids bases Chemist - acids bases Chem4Kids - acids bases http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzchem3.html

What do you want to explore? Biology - Classification Biology - Genetics Biology - Bald Eagles Biology - Insects Biology - Pond Water Basics Careers Chemistry - Periodic Table Sites Earth Science - Weather Physics - Electricity Physics - Junk Box Wars Physics - Simple Machines Tech Skills Trivia Challenge Fun Sites BrainPOP Quia - Mrs. T's Page Kid Zone Main Page The Science Spot Main Page Chemistry Links - The pH Factor Alien Juice Bar (pH) ZOOM Kitchen Chemistry Quia pH Scale ... What is Acid Rain? Also visit the Kid Zone Pages for and Periodic Tables Note: The links on this page are not a part of this site and their content is not the responsibility of this site. Parent reminder: Use caution when allowing your child to view any sites on the web - this page or other links found on these sites.

29. Acids Bases In the simple acidbase reaction shown below, H3O+ is termed a Bronsted A more general description of acids and bases was provided by GN Lewis, in 1900. http://chipo.chem.uic.edu/web1/ocol/SB/1-7.htm

In the simple formalism proposed independently by Bronsted and Lowry in 1923, an acid was defined as a proton donor and a base was defined as a proton acceptor. In the simple acid-base reaction shown below, H O is termed a Bronsted Acid, and HO a Bronsted Base. In writing organic reaction mechanisms, the flow of electrons is often shown using "curved arrows" and in the example shown, the arrows are designed to show that an unshared pair of electrons from hydroxide anion moves to abstract a proton from H O , with the simultaneous movement of an electron pair from the bonding orbital to form an unshared pair of electrons on oxygen. Acid-base reactions are, by definition, equilibria, and the ratio of products and reactants from the proton transfer reaction is given by the equilibrium constant according to the equation shown below. In the reactions shown above, the two-carbon carboxylic acid, acetic acid (more correctly, ethanoic acid) acts as a Bronsted acid and donates a proton to the Bronsted base, water. The products of the reaction are the carboxylate anion (acetate or ethanoate anion) and H O . The equilibrium constant

30. Acids And Bases acids and bases an acid is any compound or ion which yields hydrogen ions inwater solution and a base is any compound or ion which yields hydroxyl ions in http://www.chemistry.co.nz/acids_and_bases.htm

Home Chemistry Defined Time Capsule Famous Scientists [ Acids and Bases ] Redox Reactions Equations What is a Mole? Cooking at Altitude ... Home Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Take the quiz then check your grading. Excellent resource! CHEMystery: Acids and Bases One of the best information resources ChemTeam: Acid Base Very comprehensive tutorials. A calculator is required for the problem solving areas! W.J. Mouat Chemistry 12 Home Page This web page was produced by Mark Iannone, who is a Chemistry teacher at W. J. Mouat Secondary School in Abbotsford, B.C. Canada. Review questions and answers are provided for each unit in Chemistry 12. Scholarship level questions, which are more challenging, and answers are also provided. Explanations of Acid-Base Behavior The first quantitative approach to acid-base equilibria was developed around 1884 by the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius. According to his Arrhenius theory, an acid is any compound or ion which yields hydrogen ions in water solution and a base is any compound or ion which yields hydroxyl ions in water solution. Home Chemistry Defined Time Capsule Famous Scientists [ Acids and Bases ] Redox Reactions Equations What is a Mole?

31. Acids And Bases acids are substances that donate protons (hydrogen ions, H+) to bases. bases aresubstances that accept protons from acids. Let s look at an example. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Acids_Bases.html

Acids and Bases Acids are substances that donate protons (hydrogen ions, H ) to bases. Bases are substances that accept protons from acids. Let's look at an example. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a gas. Its two atoms are held together by a shared pair of electrons. However, the chlorine atom is so much more electronegative than hydrogen, that the bond between them is polar covalent Link to a discussion of electronegativity and its role in bond formation. When hydrogen chloride is bubbled through water, the nucleus of the hydrogen atom leaves and takes up residence at one of the unshared pairs of electrons in the water molecule. However, its electron remains behind still attached to the chlorine atom. This ionization produces: a chloride ion (Cl a hydronium ion (H O The resulting mixture is called hydrochloric acid Now let us bubble ammonia gas (NH ) through the hydrochloric acid. Ammonia molecules have one pair of unshared electrons and these have a greater affinity for a proton than do the unshared electrons in the water molecule. Consequently, the proton shifts again ( ) to form a new ion, the

32. The Educational Encyclopedia, Inorganic Chemistry, Acids And Bases The educational encyclopedia, educypedia, inorganic chemistry, acids and bases. http://users.pandora.be/educypedia/education/chemistryacids.htm

EDUCYPEDIA The educational encyclopedia Home Electronics General Information technology ... Science Science Automotive Biology Biology-anatomy Biology-animals ... Space Social science Atlas - maps Countries Dinosaurs Environment ... Sitemap Chemistry Acids and bases Atoms and molecules Biochemistry Chemistry experiments Crystals ... Stochiometry Acids and bases Acid and base pH tutorial acids are generally a class of substances that taste sour, such as vinegar, which is a dilute solution of acetic acid. Bases, or alkaline substances, are characterized by their bitter taste and slippery feel Acid-Base indicators an acid-base indicator is a weak acid or a weak base Acid-Base balance Acid-Base balance a basic understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of acid base balance and its disturbances Acid-base balance tutorial Acid-Base balance, respiratory and metabolic, acid base, Java, pH, [H+], hydrogen ion concentration Acids and base: ase of the pKa table acids and bases: use of the pKa table Acids, bases, and pH

33. Acid, Base, And PH Tutorial acids bases and pH Scale. I. acids *acids are ionic compounds ( a compound When acids and bases are added to each other they react to neutralize each http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/erlinger/water/background/ph.html

Acids Bases and pH Scale I. Acids *Acids are ionic compounds ( a compound with a positive or negative charge) that break apart in water to form a hydrogen ion (H *The strength of an acid is based on the concentration of H ions in the solution. The more H the stronger the acid. Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid) in water Characteristics of Acids: **Acids taste sour **Acids react strongly with metals (Zn + HCl) **Strong Acids are dangerous and can burn your skin Examples of Acids: 1. Vinegar 3. Citrus Fruits 2. Stomach Acid (HCl) II. Bases *Bases are ionic compounds that break apart to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH ) in water. *The strength of a base is determined by the concentration of Hydroxide ions (OH The greater the concentration of OH ions the stronger the base. Example: NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide-a strong base) in water **Solutions containig bases are often called alkaline Characteristics of Bases: **Bases taste bitter **Bases feel slippery **Strong bases are very dangerous and can burn your skin Examples: 1. lye (Sodium Hydroxide)

34. Acids, Bases, And Salts Return To The Home Page AcidBase Tutorial courtesy of UBC in Canada. An excellentTutorial, Tips on how to handle acid/base problems (problem sets http://www.members.aol.com/logan20/ionic_eq.html

Acids, Bases, and Salts-Ionic Equilibria This page begins the attempt of this author to offer some notes that have previously been found either on a chalkboard or an overhead projector. If you find that the notes offer a clear understanding of the underlying concepts, then this Web complex will have been worth it. Please send me e-mail if you have any suggestions or comments. If you click on an option and it doesn't connect, it is probably because that page is under heavy construction and is unavailable at the time. Try again later!! Click one of the following: Concepts To Check Acid/Base Definitions Acid Strength And Molecular Structure pH, pOH, And pK w ... , and Hydrolysis Of Salts Not available yet Acid/Base Titration Slightly Soluble Salts and K sp Determination ... Acid-Base Tutorial courtesy of UBC in Canada. An excellent Tutorial Tips on how to handle acid/base problems (problem sets developed by S.E. Van Bramer for chemistry and environmental science courses at Widener University.) Acids and Bases by ChemTeam R. H. Logan, Instructor of Chemistry, Dallas County Community College District, North Lake College. Acknowledgements Send Comments to R.H. Logan:

35. ACIDS AND BASES INDEX PHYSCHEM is an online physical science textbook for senior school students. http://www.physchem.co.za/Acids/Acids Index.htm

© G R DELPIERRE and B T SEWELL 2002 ACIDS AND BASES Level Section Sub-section Introduction to acids and bases Grade 10 Introduction to acids and bases Reactions of acids Reactions of bases The Arrhenius theory ... The Lowry-Brønsted theory Grade 12 Definition of acids and bases Polyprotic acids Amphiprotic substances Strength of acids and bases Grade 12 Ionization of acids The ionization constant Ionization of bases The pH scale Grade 12 The ionization of water The pH scale The hydrolysis of ions Grade 12 The pH of salt solutions The reaction of ions with water Acid-base titrations Grade 12 Measurements of reacting volumes Acid-base indicators Titration curves

36. Introduction To Acids And Bases acids and bases react together to form salts and water only. The reactionsof acids and bases can be understood in terms of a theory proposed in 1887 by http://www.physchem.co.za/Acids/Introduction.htm

© G R DELPIERRE and B T SEWELL 2002-2005 ACIDS AND BASES: INTRODUCTION Contents for this page Related topics Introduction to acids and bases Reactions of acids Reactions of bases Acid-base reactions ... Glossary Learning Outcomes After studying this section, you will know and understand the properties of acids and bases at an introductory level. Introduction to acids and bases: Acids tend to have a sour taste (vinegar, for example, contains ethanoic acid, and lemon juice contains citric acid). By the way, tasting unknown chemicals in order to try and identify them is an extremely dangerous practice, and should NEVER be carried out! Acids which are commonly found in the laboratory are hydrochloric acid, HCl (still sometimes called by its ancient name spirits of salts ), nitric acid, HNO , and sulphuric acid, H SO (commonly called oil of vitriol in some parts of the world. It is also called hydrogen sulphate Many alkalis (bases) have a soapy feel. Beware of strong alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, as these substances can cause serious damage to the skin. Bases which are commonly found in the laboratory are sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), NaOH, potassium hydroxide (caustic potash), KOH, and ammonium hydroxide (an aqueous solution of the gas ammonia, NH

37. Chapter 12 - Acids And Bases Reaction of acids and bases with water. acids and bases form ions in solution Strengths of acids and bases. STRONG acids. acids that are essentially http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/lmaki/Chem142/chap_outlines/chapter12.htm

Chapter 12 - Acids and Bases I. Properties of Acids and Bases ACIDS Taste sour Reach with certain metals (Zn, Fe, etc.) to produce hydrogen gas cause certain organic dyes to change color react with limestone (CaCO3) to produce carbon dioxide React with bases to form salts and water BASES Taste bitter feel slippery or soapy react with oils and grease cause certain organic dyes to change color react with acids to form salts and water Define: Acid - a substance that produces protons, H Base - a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH II. Reaction of acids and bases with water: Acids and bases form ions in solution: HCl(aq) H (aq) + Cl (aq) H O hydronium ion H and H O are equivalent in aq. solution When we look at the reactions of acids - can be generalized using hydrogen ion Reaction with zinc yields hydrogen gas Reaction with limestone - produce CO2(g) Acids react with bases to produce a salt Similarly for bases, produce hydroxide ions III. Neutralization and Salts

38. The Observable Properties Of Acids And Bases Acid Property 3. acids destroy the chemical properties of bases. acids,bases and salts are grouped together into a category called electrolytes, http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AcidBase/Acid-Base-Properties.html

The Observable Properties of Acids and Bases Return to the Acid Base menu The word acid and alkaline (older word for base) are derived from direct sensory experience. Acid Property #1. The word acid comes from the Latin word acere , which means "sour." All acids taste sour. Well known from ancient times were vinegar, sour milk and lemon juice. Aspirin tastes sour if you don't swallow it fast enought. Its scientific name is acetosallicylic acid! Other languages derive their word for acid from the meaning of sour. So, in France, we have acide. In Germany, we have from saure and in Russia, kislota from kisly. Base Property #1. The word "base" has a more complex history (see below) and its name is not related to taste. All bases taste bitter. Mustard tastes bitter. Many medicines, cough syrup is one, taste bitter. This is the reason cough syrups are advertised as having a "great grape taste." The taste is added in order to cover the bitterness of the active ingredient in cough syrup. Acid Property #2. In 1663, Robert Boyle wrote that acids would make a blue vegetable dye called "litmus" turn red.

39. ChemTeam: Svante Arrhenius' Acid Base Theory Arrhenius published two articles on acids and bases, one in 1894 and the other When acids and bases react according to this theory, they neutralize each http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AcidBase/Arrhenius-AcidBase.html

Acid Base Theories: Svante Arrhenius Return to the Acid Base menu I. Introduction Svante Arrhenius was one of the towering giants of chemistry in the years surrounding the turn of the century. His most important contribution to chemistry was also his first - the idea of electrolytic dissociation. This idea, first published in 1883 and in refined form in 1887, was the mainstay of his doctoral dissertation. It was the source of much hurt in his life. The basic idea is that certain substances remain ionized in solution all the time. Today, everyone accepts this without question, but it was the subject of much dissention and disagreement in 1884, when a twenty-five year old Arrhenius presented and defended his dissertation. He was bitterly disappointed when the dissertation was awarded a fourth class ( non since laude approbatur - approved not without praise) and his defense a third class ( cum laude approbatur - approved with praise). Essentially, he got a grade of D for the dissertation and a C for his defense. He could not obtain a job within his native Sweden, but he did get a travel grant and worked outside the country for several years. He did return in 1891, but even in 1895, his elevation to Professor of Physics was bitterly opposed as was his overdue election to the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1901.

40. Properties Of Acids And Bases Let s start with some of the observable properties of acids and bases. Another thing that can be used to identify acids and bases is that acids have a http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch105-05/properti.htm

Properties of Acids and Bases Observable Properties One purpose of this lesson is for you to become familiar with many aspects of acids and bases. Let's start with some of the observable properties of acids and bases. Take a look at exercise 2 in your workbook. In this exercise you will test the reaction of an acid and a base with the various chemicals listed here. For the acid use 1 molar hydrochloric acid (1M HCl). For the base use 1 molar sodium hydroxide (1M NaOH). The video clip to the right shows the reaction of an acid with blue litmus paper (left) and then with pH paper (right). To start the video clip move your mouse over the image. (You do not need to click.) The video clip to the right shows the reaction of a base with red litmus paper (left), then with phenolphthalien (center), and then with pH paper (right). To start the video clip move your mouse over the image. (You do not need to click.) When you are in the lab you will perform these tests and the others in the exercise, then record the results in the blank spaces on the chart. When you have completed exercise 2, you will have experimented with several properties of acids and bases. Those properties give you a variety of ways that can be used to test whether a material is an acid or a base (which comes up in exercise 4). Let me take a minute to touch on a few of them.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 109    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20