1. Acids Bases Acids Bases This module provides an intrioduction to acid and base chemistry. The Arrhenius and BronstedLowry concepts of acids and bases are http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Acids And Bases The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus, which means "sour " and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. CHEMTUTOR ACIDS AND BASES Back to the beginning of Acids and Bases. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Acids release a hydrogen ion into water (aqueous) solution http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Acids Bases And Salts Acids Bases and Salts http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Acids, Bases And PH Acids, Bases and pH. An updated version of this lesson is available at Visionlearning Acids Bases. Water is a funny substance. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Nucleic Acids Research (More Information) Oxford University Press publishes Nucleic Acids Research assisted by Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Acids And Bases Acids and Bases Previous Test Bank Test Banks Menu Next Test Bank Conjugate Acids and Bases pH Calculations from Acid Concentration http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. DOE Joint Genome Institute Develops and exploits new sequencing and other highthroughput, genome-scale and computational technologies as a means for discovering and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Chem4Kids.comReactionsAcids And Bases ACIDS AND BASES ARE EVERYWHERE Every liquid you see will probably be either an acid or a base. The only exception would be distilled water. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. BMRB Homepage Repository for data from NMR spectroscopy on proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Chem4Kids.com: Reactions: Acids And Bases acids AND bases ARE EVERYWHERE Every liquid you see will probably be either anacid or a base. acids are found between 0 and 7. bases are from 7 to 14. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidbase.html

ACIDS AND BASES ARE EVERYWHERE Every liquid you see will probably be either an acid or a base. The only exception would be distilled water. Distilled water is just water. That's it. Most water you drink has ions in it. Those ions in solution make something acidic or basic. In your body there are small compounds called amino acids. Those are acids. In fruits there is something called citric acid. That's an acid, too. But what about baking soda? When you put that in water, it makes a base. Vinegar? Acid. Scientists use something called the pH scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. The scale goes from to 14. Distilled water is 7 (right in the middle). Acids are found between and 7. Bases are from 7 to 14. Most of the liquids you find every day have a pH near 7. They are either a little below or a little above that mark. When you start looking at the pH of chemicals, the numbers go to the extremes. If you ever go into a chemistry lab, you could find solutions with a pH of 1 and others with a pH of 14. Those chemicals are very dangerous. There are pH values higher than 14 and lower than 0, but let's just start with 0-14. NAMES TO KNOW Here are a couple of definitions you should know: Acid: A solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp".

12. ChemTeam: J.N. Bronsted On Acids And Bases Selection from an article published in Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des PaysBas, 1923. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Bronsted-Article.html

Some Remarks on the Concept of Acids and Bases Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas Volume 42, Pages 718-728 The following selection is from pages 718-721 and 728 Toward a definition of acids and bases. Since the establishment of the theory of electrolytic dissociation by Arrhenius the dominant definition of acids and bases as substances that can split out hydrogen or hydroxyl ions in solution has never been seriously attacked so far as the definition of acids is concerned. We have held steadily to the idea that compound A is an acid if it is partly or completely broken down in solution according to the scheme A -> B + H However, there have been attempts from various sides to modify our concept of bases. P. Pfeiffer, especially, on the basis of his important observations on aquo and hydroxo compounds in a series of metals, has presented the view that bases form salts by addition of acids, which in terms of the theory of electrolytic dissociation must lead to the idea of a definition of bases as substances that can add hydrogen ions. Although this method of treatment can be carried out convincingly here, yet in spite of its constitutive foundation it cannot serve as a direct foundation for changing the definition of a base. The question has been treated more generally by Michaelis in his book Hydrogen Ion Concentration. He considers the following to be a possible definition of a base: a base is a special electrically neutral species of molecule that can bind a hydrogen ion and thus become a positive ion. However, the further developments by Michaelis are all founded on the usual definition of a base and particularly emphasize the special significance of hydroxyl ion as a constituent of bases even in nonaqueous solutions.

13. Chem4Kids.com: File Not Found CHEMTUTOR acids AND basesFor the properties of acids and bases we will use the Arrhenius definitions. acids neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction. An acid and a base http://www.chem4kids.com/reactions/acidbase.html

There are no pages in this section. If you are not automatically redirected, please return to the appropriate page with this link

14. Tamer Labs Research and development company focuses its proprietary efforts on the complex chemical relationship between acids and bases in the human body. http://www.tamer.com/

E n t e r S i t e :

15. Acids & Bases acids bases This module provides an intrioduction to acid and base chemistry.The Arrhenius and BronstedLowry concepts of acids and bases are discussed http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=58

16. Chemistry For Kids Thinkquest site offering an overview of atoms, molecules, phases of matter, acids, bases, and elements. Includes games, quizzes, bibliography, and glossary. http://library.thinkquest.org/J001539/

Atoms Matter Solids Liquids ... Authors Experiments: Oil and Water Moving Drop Balloon Blower ... Bibliography

17. Acids And Bases These definitions tie the theory of acids and bases to a simple laboratory test The properties of acids and bases result from differences between the http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch11/acidbaseframe.html

Definitions of Acids and Bases and the Role of Water Properties of Acids and Bases According to Boyle The Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases The Role of H and OH ... The Role of Water in the Brønsted Theory Properties of Acids and Bases According to Boyle In 1661 Robert Boyle summarized the properties of acids as follows. 1. Acids have a sour taste. 2. Acids are corrosive. 3. Acids change the color of certain vegetable dyes, such as litmus, from blue to red. 4. Acids lose their acidity when they are combined with alkalies. The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus , which means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids. Examples: Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic acid in water. Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains citric acid. Milk turns sour when it spoils because lactic acid is formed, and the unpleasant, sour odor of rotten meat or butter can be attributed to compounds such as butyric acid that form when fat spoils. In 1661 Boyle summarized the properties of alkalies as follows.

18. Bronsted Acids And Bases Brønsted acids and bases in Nonaqueous Solutions. Water has a limiting effect onthe strength of acids and bases. All strong acids behave the same in water http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch11/bronsted.html

Acids and Bases For more than 300 years, substances that behaved like vinegar have been classified as acids , while those that have properties like the ash from a wood fire have been called alkalies or bases . The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus , which means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids. Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic acid in water; lemon juice is sour because it contains citric acid; milk turns sour when it spoils because of the formation of lactic acid; and the sour odor of rotten meat can be attributed to carboxylic acids such as butyric acid formed when fat spoils. Today, when chemists use the words "acid" or "base" they refer to a model developed independently by Brønsted, Lowry, and Bjerrum. Since the most explicit statement of this theory was contained in the writings of Brønsted, it is most commonly known as the "Brønsted acid-base" theory. ion, or proton. Water reacts with itself, for example, by transferring an H ion from one molecule to another to form an H O ion and an OH ion.

19. Acids Bases And Salts In an acidbase titration, acid and base are combined in such a way that the endsolution If the normality of either the acid or base solution is known, http://www.chemistrycoach.com/acids.htm

Electrolytes Arrhennius Theory Bronsted Theory Lewis Theory Acids Bases and Salts 1. Electrolytes Electrolytes are compounds that ionize in water to produce aqueous solutions that conduct an electric current. Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not ionize, remain as molecules, and do not conduct an electric current. Strength : Strong electrolytes are molecules that ionize 100% (or nearly so) and conduct an electric current well. Weak electrolytes barely or partially ionize; most molecules remaining un-ionized, and conduct an electric current poorly. Examples : Nitric acid (HNO ) is a strong electrolyte. HNO + NO If 1.00 mole of HNO is dissolved in water, it will ionize to produce 1.00 mole of H and 1.00 mole of NO . There will not be any HNO left, unionized. By contrast, one mole of a weak electrolyte will produce much less than 1.00 mole of its constituent ions. One mole of acetic acid HC H O + C H O might produce .05 moles of H and .05 moles of C H O and still contain .95 moles of the original acetic acid. Some problems with detailed solutions 1. Calculate the concentrations of ions in .020 M HCl solution. HCl is a strong electrolyte.

20. Acids, Bases And PH acids, bases and pH. An updated version of this lesson is available at Visionlearningacids Acidbase chemistry is an important part of everyday life. http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/7-ph.htm

Acids, Bases and pH An updated version of this lesson is available at Visionlearning: Water is a funny substance. It makes possible much of the chemistry that goes on in our bodies and all around us. But most people take for granted the chemical properties of water. We've already learned that water molecules are constantly in motion. And keep in mind that each water molecule carries a dipole, or net charge, across the molecule. As we saw in the atomic bonding lesson, this dipole causes each molecule to behave like a little magnet with a positive and negative end. This dipole causes water molecules to be attracted to each other; the positive hydrogen is attracted to the negative oxygen of a nearby molecule. The MathMol Water and Ice page has put together an excellent simulation of the attraction between 2 water molecules that you can view by clicking here (~160k movie) (Note: white = H, red = O). Because the oxygen atom in water tends to monopolize the electrons in the molecule, the hydrogen protons are only loosely held to the molecule. The attraction between adjacent water molecules allows them to swap hydrogen protons. In fact, many molecules that contain hydrogen can swap protons with water molecules. A simulation of a proton transfer between a molecule of water and a molecule of formic acid is available by clicking here (~158k; white = H, red = O).

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