101. WDNR - Acid Rain In Wisconsin This page discusses acid rain in Wisconsin. This information originallyappeared in the DNR booklet acid rain in Wisconsin, publication AM129-94. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/air/health/acidrain.htm

Air Management Health Advisory FAQ Current Health Advisories Health Advisory Listserv ... Statewide Air Quality Monitoring Common Air Pollutants Carbon Monoxide Lead Ozone Suspended Particles ... Mercury in the Air Related Issues Acid Rain in Wisconsin Global Issues Nitrates and Sulfates Health Studies ... Open Burning Acid Rain in Wisconsin This information originally appeared in the DNR booklet "Acid Rain in Wisconsin," publication AM-129-94. What is acid rain? And where does it come from? How do we measure acidity? What do we know about the effects of acid rain in Wisconsin? What legislative action has been taken? ... Contacts The effects of acid rain are evident in New York's Adirondack Mountains, in Germany's Black Forest, and industrial urban areas around the worldand the picture is not a pretty one. It includes stands of dying trees, lakes uninhabitable by fish, and weathered and damaged historic architecture. While acid rain has not caused such severe problems in Wisconsin as in the places mentioned above, it is still an air pollution issue that generates concern among the state's residents. Frequently asked questions are: How bad is the problem in the state? What are the causes? What is being done to protect Wisconsin's resources? What is acid rain? And where does it come from?

102. Acid Rain Damage Far Worse Than Previously Believed, USA Amid the recent hoopla over the EPA and Bush administration s plans to make iteasy for power plants, oil refineries and chemical factories (major sources http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=27550

103. Issues Of The Environment: Acid Rain WHAT EFFECT DOES THE SOIL AND UNDERLYING BEDROCK HAVE ON acid rain ? These effects occur because acid rain leaches many of the existing soil nutrients http://www.necc.mass.edu/mrvis/Mr1_6/start.htm

Project Info Teacher Focus Questions Learning Objectives Materials List ... Additonal Materials Information Project Info TOC The Merrimack River Valley Investigations in Science (MRVIS) is a project designed by Northern Essex Community College (NECC) in collaboration with the St. James Hispanic Community Center and the Haverhill, Lawrence, Methuen, and, Newburyport Public School systems. This project utilizes the unique resources of the Merrimack River Valley as the site for the development and testing of a series of laboratory and field experiences for grades five through eight dealing with the Earth, Physical, Chemical, Life and Environmental Sciences. The Merrimack River Valley Investigations in Science (MRVIS) Project is funded by a grant to Northern Essex Community College from the Massachusetts Higher Education Coordinating Council and the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and Sciences Education Program. Approximately 42% ($36,000) of the Project's funding is provided by federal Eisenhower funds. Of the remaining, 29% ($25,000) comes from other federal funds, and 29% ($25,600) from schools involved in the project. For Further project information contact: Michael Pelletier Project Director Edward DeSchuytner Project Manager Northern Essex Community College 100 Elliott Way Haverhill, MA 01830

104. Acid Rain: Find All The Information, News, And Resources About The Acid Rain Pro All environmental news, issues, resources, and links about acid rain in and aroundRochester, New York. http://rochesterenvironment.com/acid_rain.htm

Home Up FAQ Table of Contents ... Rochester Issues : Get all the news and resources for these issues: Su perfund Zebra Mussels Deer Problem ... Calendar To add your event, e-mail it to me RochesterEnvironment.com Blog - RochesterEnvironment.com has been blogged:-so now you can add your comments to the site instantly. Environmental Thoughts Global Environmental Resources (originally called "Green Solitaire" is a project that began in 1998 to map all the Environmental Information online. Though it will never be complete, it provides all the online resources for individuals to monitor and help our environment. Acid Rain "Acid rain" is a general name for many phenomena including acid fog, acid sleet, and acid snow. Although we associate the acid threat with rainy days, acid deposition occurs all the time, even on sunny days. Something is acidic if it has a low pH. The pH of a liquid is measured on a scale which ranges from to 14 with 7.0 being neutral. Anything with a pH value lower than 7.0 is acidic, and anything higher than 7.0 is basic. Particles of sulphur and nitrogen emitted by cars, coal-fired generators, and non-ferrous smelters can be carried great distances and deposited anywhere from a few hundred to a few thousand kilometers from their source area. Even when sulphur and nitrogen particles fall to the surface as dry deposition they combine with water at the earth's surface or in the ground to produce the same effects as wet deposition. Acid rain has become a grave problem. North America and Europe are the areas with the most problematic and noticeable overall acid precipitation levels. They both receive precipitation with pH as low as 4.7. Acid deposition endangers forests, lakes and agriculture. No single storm or event can cause all this remarkable damage. Rather, the effects of acid rain occur as a slow and continuous process.

105. Acid Rain Research The Adventure this year followed the International Arctic Expedition and ourCircle was called Poison from Above which focused on acid rain. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/AEF/1995/jones_rain.html

Acid Rain Research By Connie Jones Type of activity: Hands on activity Group/cooperative learning Inquiry lab Target audience: Life Science Biology Environmental studies Objectives: Engage students in real-life, relevant research experiences Develop problem solving and communication skills Emphasize the importance for the acquisition of skills and learning which will prepare students for the workforce of the future Abstract I am a part of a team of teachers who are directing student research projects on acid deposition in the southern Appalachian mountains. As a teaching team, we have been able to develop an interdisciplinary approach. We use the outdoor research laboratory as a common theme allowing classes of different science curriculum specialties to conduct research and share results. Three classes are involved: Environmental Science Earth Science and Advanced Chemistry. Students conduct research through a variety of hands on activities: They design an experiment and identify important variables. They identify research study areas.

106. CLIMATE PROBLEMS - ACID RAIN World Wide Web sites that give reference to information related to the climateproblem of acid rain. Canadian Sites. Canadaian Coalition on acid rain http://www.cent.org/geo12/foc2a3c.htm

CLIMATE PROBLEMS - ACID RAIN The following is a list of World Wide Web sites that give reference to information related to the climate problem of acid rain: Canadian Sites Canadaian Coalition on Acid rain Other Sites EcoNet's Acid Rain Resources Acid Rain Program's Home Page Environmental Benefits Fact Sheet Acid Rain Outreach Documents ... Acid Rain on the Net

107. Australia Advances - Acid Rain About 10 times more acid than the most acid rain. But you can see immediatelythat the acid download, For more information on acid rain please contact http://www.csiro.au/promos/ozadvances/Series14Acidrain.htm

Every day of the year, industry and motor vehicles spew out gases, which when hit by the sunlight, change into acids. The acids collect on clouds and when it rains, come straight down onto us. Marble is a common building material, and what we have here is marble chips. I'm going to add some acidity here. About 10 times more acid than the most acid rain. But you can see immediately that the acid attacks the marble and starts to dissolve it. It's not what you'd want in your cup of coffee, so Dr.Greg Ayers from Australia's science agency, CSIRO, is collecting samples of rain and measuring them for acidity. Ph is measured from Zero to fourteen. On the alkaline side, seawater is around 8 and at the acidic end Orange juice and soft drinks are around PH2 or 3. Unpolluted rainwater should measure at around PH 5 and any measurement under 5 would be considered Acid Rain. As Australia is sparsely populated, its cities are far apart and it has no neighbors, the readings are not very high. In areas where there are smelters and power stations however, the problem of acid rain is far greater. The major effects are on forests and rivers and lakes, where the acid rain causes the soil or water to be so acidified that trees won't grow or in fact they can even die completely and rivers and lakes they can become so acidic that they won't support any sort of aquatic life.

108. Environment Agency - Acid Rain acid rain has been tackled for over a decade with some success. http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/pollution/acid_rain/?lang=_e

109. What Is Acid Rain? acid rain is a result of air pollution. When any type of fuel is burnt, Even the strongest recorded acid rain is only about as acidic as lemon juice or http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/acid_rain.html

Acid Rain What is Acid Rain? Acid rain is a result of air pollution. When any type of fuel is burnt, lots of different chemicals are produced. The smoke that comes from a fire or the fumes that come out of a car exhaust don't just contain the sooty grey particles that you can see - they also contains lots of invisible gases that can be even more harmful to our environment. Power stations, factories and cars all burn fuels and therefore they all produce polluting gases. Some of these gases (especially nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide) react with the tiny droplets of water in clouds to form sulphuric and nitric acids. The rain from these clouds then falls as very weak acid - which is why it is known as "acid rain". How acidic is acid rain?

110. NPS Nature & Science: Air Resources - Acid Rain Lesson Plan ParkNet is your official gateway to the sites and services of the National ParkService. Use our Visit Your Parks guide to begin exploration of America http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/edu/Lessons/AcidRLessonPlan.htm

All NPS Advanced Search Search A to Z Air Biology ... In the Parks Explore Air Quality: Basics Data FAQs Monitoring ... Who We Are Air Resources NPS Air Acid Rain Lesson Plan The National Park Service Air Resources Division in an effort to increase the public's awareness of air quality issues has developed a series of five activities for elementary and secondary schools. The activities are for grades six through eight and help teach students about Acid Rain. The lesson plan was prepared as a part of The Uplands Field Research Laboratory, Volunteer in Parks, and Interpretation of Science Project. Funding was provided by the Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association. Below are links to the background of the lesson plan and the five activities design for the students. Each of these pages can be printed individually and the entire lesson plan will be available soon for download. If you have any questions or comments please contact the Air Resources Division through Email ( webmaster@den.nps.gov

111. Fun, Educational Programs Centered Around Math And Science The purpose of the acid rain Project is to get Girl Scouts involved in learningabout pollution and problems relating to acid rain locally and globally. http://www.plugged-in.org/acid_rain.html

The purpose of the Acid Rain Project is to get Girl Scouts involved in learning about atmospheric pollution and problems relating to acid rain locally and globally. Purpose: Through their involvement with this project Girl Scouts and their leaders will gain understanding and better appreciation of the causes and effects of acidified precipitation. The data collected will establish a local average pH value from rain storms that pass through their area. By following weather patterns and studying the industrial resources and population areas 'upwind', the potential sources of acidity may be determined. Objectives: Use of computer and Internet technology for uploading and downloading of information relating to the project; communicating with e-mail; researching environmental issues; and mapping programs for analysis of data. Gain a better understanding of the complex issue of air pollution such as causes and the effects on the economy, health and politics. Cadets/Seniors: Eco-Action - Skill Builders - 2 Technology - 3 Service projects - 2 Juniors Ready for tomorrow Home All About Plugged-In!

112. Fun, Educational Programs Centered Around Math And Science acid rain, acid rain acid rain Is the rain in your area acidic? How does itcompare to rainfall in other parts of the country? http://www.plugged-in.org/science_network.html

Join the Girls Science Network and contribute to important scientific research NOW! The results will become part of a shared database and document local, national and, eventually even global results. The first two research projects will gather valuable information which would be difficult or impossible for an individual researcher to accomplish. Here is a short description. Acid Rain - Is the rain in your area acidic? How does it compare to rainfall in other parts of the country? Help to answer these questions by gathering and testing rainfall samples. Explore the causes of acidic rain and its effects on the environment. The Case of the Missing Stars - Join with girls from around the nation as we document light pollution and its effect on night sky observation. Be a part of a network of young women who gather this important data and contribute to a database which will graphically display the level of light pollution locally and nationally. Home All About Plugged-In! Girls Science Clubhouse Leader Resources ... Girl Scouts of Mid-Continent Council

113. Atmospheric Science Division - Acid Deposition ("Acid Rain") The fight against acid rain is not over yet. Acid deposition exceeds criticalloads across Source 1997 Canadian acid rain Assessment (Vol. 1, p.16). http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/msc/as/as_acid.html

Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... Home Select a Topic Air Quality Forecasts Atlantic Coastal Action Program Birds Oiled at Sea Children's Environmental Health Climate Centre Emergencies Enforcement and Compliance Environmental Assessment Environmental Damages Fund Environmental Links EcoAction Halifax Pollen Forecast Hunting Hurricane Centre Legislation We Administer Meet Our Minister Meteorology News Releases Pollution Information Sea Level Rise (New Brunswick) Severe Weather Awareness Wildlife Atlantic Region Wildlife and Nature Environmental Protection Meteorology ... Climate Change The Atmospheric Science Division evaluates the impact of acidifying emission control programs by analyzing the changes in acid deposition at regionally-representative monitoring sites in the Atlantic Region and determining which areas are exposed to continuing acidification because deposition levels exceed the environmental damage level ("critical load"). The fight against acid rain is not over yet. Acid deposition exceeds critical loads across large portions of eastern Canada, including most of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. As a result, acidification in these areas will continue, the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems will remain under threat, and more damage to forest health and productivity will occur unless further deep cuts in sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions in Canada and the United States are implemented. Source: 1997 Canadian Acid Rain Assessment (Vol. 1, p.16). An Environment Canada Acid Precipitation Collector

114. Atmospheric Science Division - Acid Rain FAQ acid rain FAQ The following information comes from Environment Canada s Despite progress in recent years, acid rain remains a significant environmental http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/msc/as/acidfaq.html

Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... Home Select a Topic Air Quality Forecasts Atlantic Coastal Action Program Birds Oiled at Sea Children's Environmental Health Climate Centre Emergencies Enforcement and Compliance Environmental Assessment Environmental Damages Fund Environmental Links EcoAction Halifax Pollen Forecast Hunting Hurricane Centre Legislation We Administer Meet Our Minister Meteorology News Releases Pollution Information Sea Level Rise (New Brunswick) Severe Weather Awareness Wildlife Atlantic Region Wildlife and Nature Environmental Protection Meteorology ... Climate Change The following information comes from Environment Canada's A Primer on Environmental Citizenship Despite progress in recent years, acid rain remains a significant environmental and economic concern for many regions of Canada. This section explains what acid rain is, where it comes from, and what its effects are. What causes acid deposition? Acid deposition - commonly called acid rain - is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Although natural sources of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides do exist, more than 90% of the sulphur and 95% of the nitrogen emissions occurring in eastern North America are of human origin. These primary air pollutants arise from the use of coal in the production of electricity, from base-metal smelting, and from fuel combustion in vehicles. Once released into the atmosphere, they can be converted chemically into such secondary pollutants as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, both of which dissolve easily in water. The resulting acidic water droplets can be carried long distances by prevailing winds, returning to Earth as acid rain, snow, or fog.

115. Citizens Campaign For The Environment CCE has been working to fight the devastating impacts of acid rain in New York acid rain is created when fossil fuels are burned, primarily in electric http://www.citizenscampaign.org/campaigns/acid_rain.htm

CAMPAIGNS Acid Rain CCE has been working to fight the devastating impacts of acid rain in New York and Connecticut since 1997. Acid rain is created when fossil fuels are burned, primarily in electric power plants and automobiles, producing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These air pollutants react with water vapor in clouds, oxygen and oxidants in air, forming sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The acids fall to earth in wet form, either as rain, snow or fog, or dry form, as gas or solid particles The Mechanics of Acid Rain Art by Rani Stack P hoto courtesy of The Adirondack Council Photo by Gary A. Randorf CCE advocates a national approach to solving the acid rain problem that is based on reducing the emissions of sulfur and nitrogen from major sources such as electric power plants. In 1997, at the urging of CCE members and citizens throughout New York, acid rain legislation was introduced into the United States Congress by Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan. The Moynihan legislation focused on cutting power plant emissions of nitrogen oxides by 70% and sulfur dioxides by 50% from existing levels under the Federal Clean Air Act. Scientific monitoring and research has determined that these levels of emission reduction would halt and reverse the damage of acid rain, particularly in high elevation areas such as the Adirondack Mountains.

116. Air Quality Networks Information The Review Group on acid rain was established in 1980 to review available dataand recommend further research. A series of reports have since been published http://www.aeat.co.uk/netcen/airqual/aciddep/

Acid Deposition Monitoring and Research in the UK Welcome to the Acid Deposition home page. These pages contain information about the acid deposition monitoring networks managed by the National Environmental Technology Centre (AEA Technology plc), and (will soon) provide a summary of the latest Review Group on Acid Rain report. Acid Deposition Monitoring Network Acid deposition is currently measured at 32 weekly sites across the UK. Wet deposition is calculated from the concentration of the specified ion in precipitation and the Meteorological Office rainfall field. The network is managed by AEA Technology's National Environmental Technology Centre on behalf of the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions. Click the icon for more information about this network. Rural Sulphur Dioxide Monitoring Network Coming soon! Sulphur dioxide is measured at approximately 38 sites across the UK and the interpolated concentration field is combined with a process-based model (ITE) to estimate the dry deposition of sulphur to the UK. The network is managed by AEA Technology's National Environmental Technology Centre on behalf of the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions. Review Group on Acid Rain (RGAR) Coming soon!

117. Monitoring Acid Rain Youth Program Monitoring acid rain Youth Program. Program; About Maryp acid rain EMAN (Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network); Manual; Introduction Rainfall http://www.trentu.ca/academic/biology/maryp/

Monitoring Acid Rain Youth Program Program About Maryp Acid Rain EMAN (Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network) Manual Introduction Rainfall Birds Amphibians ... Species Status Reports 1995 Booklet 1995 Report 1996 Booklet 1996 Report This page is maintained by Jim Karagatzides . Last updated on Sept 17, 1997

118. Acid Rain This site is an excellent acid rain resource containing articles, Here is ahighly informative page that explains how acid rain is formed, http://web.centre.edu/enviro/acid_rain.htm

Acid Rain Click on the clean blue raindrops to find more information about their fates as acid rain drops. All about Acid Rain This site is an excellent acid rain resource containing articles, links and information covering all aspects of acid rain. Environmental Effects of Acid Rain by the EPA Here is a highly informative page that explains how acid rain is formed, includes a model, explains where it comes from, and describes its effects on the world, i.e. forest degradation, visibility, health risks, etc. Causes, Effects and Solutions of Acid Rain This page includes an explanation, the science and links concerning the cause and effects of acid rain. The EPA Acid Rain Program This page describes the EPA’s Acid Rain Program to reduce electric utilities’ emissions of pollutants that cause acid rain. One can also access articles, reports, and papers about acid rain from this site. Benefits of Natural Gas Created by the American Gas Foundation Take a look at this page for information about the benefits of using natural gas over electricity (less sulfur dioxide emitted into the environment). It also provides information on how electric utility power plants may react to EPA standards.

119. Acid Rain acid rain triggers a number of inorganic and biochemical reactions with Regions exposed to direct downpour of acid rain are highly susceptible to http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/Water/FreshWater/acidrain.ht

Acid Rain Inorganic Reactions Experiment Authors: Rachel Casiday and Regina Frey Department of Chemistry, Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130 For information or comments on this tutorial, please contact R. Frey at gfrey@wuchem.wustl.edu Natural Acidity of Rainwater Pure water has a pH of 7.0 (neutral); however, natural, unpolluted rainwater actually has a pH of about 5.6 (acidic).[Recall from Experiment 1 that pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion (H ) concentration.] The acidity of rainwater comes from the natural presence of three substances (CO , NO, and SO ) found in the troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere). As is seen in Table I, carbon dioxide (CO ) is present in the greatest concentration and therefore contributes the most to the natural acidity of rainwater. Gas Natural Sources Concentration Carbon dioxide CO Decomposition 355 ppm Nitric oxide NO Electric discharge 0.01 ppm Sulfur dioxide SO Volcanic gases 0-0.01 ppm Table 1 Carbon dioxide, produced in the decomposition of organic material, is the primary source of acidity in unpolluted rainwater. NOTE: Parts per million (ppm) is a common concentration measure used in environmental chemistry. The formula for ppm is given by:

120. Is Acid Rain Killing Off Wood Thrushes? acid rain may be forgotten, but it is not gone, and now researchers at the CornellLaboratory of Ornithology have linked it to the decline of the wood http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0813_020813_acidrain.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us Front Page Is Acid Rain Killing Off Wood Thrushes? Robert Winkler for National Geographic News August 13, 2002 Acid rain may be forgotten, but it is not gone, and now researchers at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology have linked it to the decline of the wood thrush, a forest bird known for its beautiful song. Using data from the BBS, from government studies of acid rain and soil acidity, and from a Cornell Lab study of forest fragmentation, the researchers did a statistical analysis and found that increased amounts of acid rain make wood thrushes less likely to breed. An article on the finding appears in the August 12 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "I was surprised that we uncovered a negative effect this big," said Stefan Hames, an ecologist and ornithologist at Cornell, and one of the article's five coauthors. "Like many people, I thought acid rain was a non-issue." In the United States, the Clean Air Act has brought about a reduction in the emissions that cause acid rain, but as Hames and his colleagues point out, "many eastern regions of North America continue to experience heavy, wet acidic deposition, and many bird species breeding in these areas show unexplained population declines. Further, long-term acid deposition has depleted the available calcium in acid-sensitive soils, and current emission standards may be insufficient to ensure the recovery of these soils."

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