81. CEH School Net - Acid Rain (Basic) acid rain just means that the rain is more acidic than it should be. Before welook at what damage acid rain actually does, it is best to look at why it http://schools.ceh.ac.uk/basic/acidrain/acidrain1.htm

Home For Teachers For Students Basic Topics ... More Below! Acid Rain What is it? Acid rain is a term which you may have heard, but not quite understood. It certainly sounds very nasty doesn't it? But, unlike in cartoons, acid rain does not burn through everything that it touches! It does cause a lot of damage to buildings, plants, animals, and even humans, however. It is also a bit misleading, because even pure rainwater is slightly acidic. 'Acid rain' just means that the rain is more acidic than it should be. Before we look at what damage acid rain actually does, it is best to look at why it happens. How acid rain is formed The main elements which are responsible for acid rain, are sulphur and nitrogen (in gas form). Both of these can be caused by a number of things, including some human activities, but they are also made naturally. Human activities which produce sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides include burning fossil fuels (like coal, and crude oil). Two things that are highly responsible for causing acid rain are power stations and factories. Although these are essential to human life in this day and age, they make large amounts of sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides. In fact, power stations produce 70% of all of the chemicals which are responsible for acid rain.

82. Spring Acid Rain Watch Home acid rain. Where does it come from? How is it formed? Are we humans responsiblefor this Spring acid rain Watch a model of scientific inquiry . http://www.qesnrecit.qc.ca/cc/acidrain/

Lakes are crystal clear but dead. Sugar maples are dying. Frog species are becoming extinct. The culprit? Acid Rain. Where does it come from? How is it formed? Are we humans responsible for this problem ? Join us in this project in which schools across the province/country/world try to find an experimental answer to this problem-question by collecting precipation samples, by testing for acid rain deposition and by exchanging results for analysis. A Learn-by-Doing Project on the QESN , in which teachers can count on the help of the co-ordinator to learn the skills they need while implementing the project with their class. " Spring Acid Rain Watch: a model of scientific inquiry ". This 2 page article encapsulates the project. This project is available in French on the Web Site Prof-Inet Alerte aux pluies acides Spring Acid Rain Watch Project Co-ordinators: Bob Colvil knowlton@citenet.net

83. The Science Behind Algonquin's Animals - Research Projects - Common Loon Species account for Gavia immer provides facts, photos, and sound files. Includes answers to research questions, such as how acid rain affects these birds. http://sbaa.ca/projects.asp?cn=303

84. Acid Rain Links acid rain Links. Back to SWOOPE Homepage acid rain Program Energy andEnvironmental News Source Information for acid rain http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/stugeon/links.htm

Acid Rain Links Back to SWOOPE Homepage Student Activities and Background Materials Increasing Damage to Norway's Rivers European Forests Damaged by Acid Rain ... Biological Sciences Acid Rain Study - Sam Houston State

85. The Adirondack Council Provides information, news and resources on Adirondack Park, conservation issues. Includes information on how to fight acid rain by purchasing a Clean Air Certificate. http://adirondackcouncil.org

T HE A DIRONDACK C OUNCIL Defending the East's Last Great Wilderness About Us The Adirondack Council is a not-for-profit, environmental organization that has been working since 1975 to ensure the ecological integrity and wild character of the Adirondack Park Adirondack News from North Country Public Radio (NCPR) Listen to up-to-date news directly from NCPR's website. What's New Adirondack Council Files Lawsuit to Overturn APA Approval of Frankenpine Cell Tower Near Lake George Council's Summer Newsletter on-line now Tips for Conserving Energy and Saving the Environment Council Launches New Water Initiative ... Career Opportunities Council Seeking Conservation Director Home About Us Membership Take Action ... Contact Us The Adirondack Council P.O. Box D-2, 103 Hand Ave. - Suite 3 Elizabethtown, NY 12932 - 877-873-2240

86. ScienceMaster - JumpStart - Acid Rain JumpStart acid rain on ScienceMaster.com. When that happens, the runoffwater adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic http://www.sciencemaster.com/jump/earth/acid_rain.php

Today is JumpStart - Earth Science Environmental Effects of Acid Rain Air Pollution Creates Acid Rain Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Acidic deposition, or acid rain as it is commonly known, occurs when emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and oxidants to form various acidic compounds. This mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. These compounds then fall to the earth in either wet form (such as rain, snow, and fog or dry form (such as gas and particles). About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition as gases and dry particles. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. In some instances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry deposited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid deposition. Prevailing winds transport the compounds, sometimes hundreds of miles, across state and national borders. Electric utility plants account or about 70 percent of annual SO2 emissions and 30 percent of NOx emissions in the United States. Mobile sources (tranportation) also contribute significantly to NOx emissions. Overall, over 20 million tons of SO2 and NOx are emitted into the atmosphere each year.

87. Living Landscapes A general overview of acid rain and deposition, its causes and effects.The consequences of acid rain in Canada and British Columbia are outlined. http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/thomp-ok/env-changes/

Land Use and Environmental Change in the Thompson-Okanagan Dr. M.J. Pidwirny Table of Contents

88. Living Landscapes However, the term acid rain was first used two centuries later when Angus Smithpublished a book call ed acid rain in 1872. In the 1960s, the problems http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/thomp-ok/env-changes/atmos/ch3.html

3. The Changing Atmosphere 3.1 Changing Concentration of Atmospheric Gases The activities of humans during the last two centuries has produced changes in the atmosphere's gas composition that are often more rapid and sometimes of greater magnitude than past natural fluctuations. Some of the more important atmospheric gases that are being altered in their concentration by human activity include: carbon dioxide Natural component of the Earth's atmosphere. Comes from the decay of vegetation, volcanic eruptions, exhalations of animals, the burning of fossil fuels , and deforestation. Human activities input 5500 million tons per year. Residence time in the atmosphere is about 100 years. 1900 (290 parts per million), 1990 (360 parts per million), 2030 (estimate 400-550 parts per million ). Important in the greenhouse effect CO - carbon monoxide Natural component of the Earth's atmosphere. Comes from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. Human activities input 700 million tons per year, natural emissions 1300 million tons per year. Average residence time in the atmosphere is months.

89. Overview acid rain A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT SPRING 2001 fumes from burning these fuelsare released into the air and combine with moisture to produce acid rain. http://www.angelfire.com/nj2/phacidrain/

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Angelfire 40 Yr Old Virgin Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next ACID RAIN A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT SPRING 2001 READ THIS FIRST PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS PROJECT DATA STUDENT AREA ... REPORTS OVERVIEW Some of the inventions we depend on for convenience and entertainment cause pollution. Fossil fuels (gas, coal and oil), are necessary to produce electricity in most power plants. The smoke and fumes from burning these fuels are released into the air and combine with moisture to produce acid rain. Join schools from around the globe to determine if the proximity of a fossil fueled power plant to a school's location affects the pH level of rainwater in that area. The project will run from February 2002 through April 2002. If you are interested in participating in the project, CLICK HERE FIRST This project has been developed by teachers from Lincoln Middle School and Passaic Alternate School of Passaic Public School District, New Jersey, in conjunction with CIESE We are very proud to have been chosen to be part of the following web sites: Look for us!

90. ACID RAIN NEWS Features links to news articles and related sites. Includes history, scientific background information and FAQ. http://www.geocities.com/jcerdos

ACID RAIN NEWS Acidic information and commentary Home Links What is acid rain? FAQ NEWS for the week ending Saturday, Jan. 22, 2005 HOT AIR No news is good news Even the Justice Department says Bush Administration's "Clear Skies" program is anything but Bass have all but disappeared from acidic waters of Okefenokee Much of Houston really doesn't know what's in the air Power utilities, which have gotten the best rollbacks to air pollution laws under the Bush Administration than at any time in history, are still complaining ... Ottowa mulls fuel tax to help curb auto emissions Sorry, I don't archive any more... The links to the stories expire. Why don't the news sites archive them? Sure, the big ones do (NY Times, LA Times). But the smaller sites usually don't. If they would archive, I would too! TAKE ACTION against coal-fired power plants, the greatest single cause of acid rain CLICK HERE TAKE ACTION ... jcerdos@yahoo.com

91. Acid Rain acid rain is caused by the release of the gases SO2 (sulphur dioxide) and acid rain TESTING KIT Acid Drops . Enables children to test rain to see how http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/Envfacts/facts/acidrain.htm

WHAT ARE ACIDS? There are many different kinds of acids. The proteins in our food, and in our bodies, are made up of amino acids. Motor cars start because of the sulphuric acid in their batteries. Swimming pools need hydrochloric acid, commonly known as `pool acid'. Some acids are weak, e.g acetic acid (vinegar) and lemon juice. They are not harmful and are used in preparing our food. Othershowever, such as sulphuric acid (battery acid) are strong and can burn holes in our clothes. WHAT SHOULD RAIN BE LIKE? The only place on earth where pure water is found is in a laboratory. Rain water always contains small amounts of impurities. These impurities come from dust particles or are absorbed from the gases in the air. If pure water is exposed to the air it absorbs carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid and becomes slightly acidic, dropping from pH 7 i.e. neutral, to pH 5,6. Even in remote, unpopulated areas rain can reach a pH of 4,5. However, a pH of less than 4,5 in rain is almost certainly caused by pollution. HOW ACID RAIN IS FORMED Acid rain is caused by the release of the gases SO2 (sulphur dioxide) and NOX (nitrous oxides). The main sources of SO2 in South Africa are coal-fired power stations and metal working industries. The main sources of NOX emissions are vehicles and fuel combustion.

92. Living Landscapes A general overview of acid rain and deposition, its causes and effects. The consequences of acid rain in Canada and British Columbia are outlined. http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/thomp-ok/env-changes/index.html

Land Use and Environmental Change in the Thompson-Okanagan Dr. M.J. Pidwirny Table of Contents

93. ACID RAIN RETIREMENT FUND The acid rain Retirement Fund was founded to prevent air pollution by buying itright out of the sky. The US Environmental Protection Agency issues http://www.usm.maine.edu/~pos/arrf.htm

A R R F Buying Pollution Right Out of the Sky! A R R F Mission Statement The Acid Rain Retirement Fund was founded to prevent air pollution by buying it right out of the sky. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issues pollution allowances or permits that enable companies to emit sulfur dioxide (SO2). These permits are auctioned off to the public and a permit for one ton of sulphur dioxide was recently about $130. The Acid Rain Retirement Fund raises funds and bids alongside polluters for as many pollution allowances as our funds can buy. We then retire that pollution credit permanently. As we buy pollution allowances we remove that amount of sulfur dioxide from our ecosystem forever. As we retire more pollution allowances, the price will go up. Polluting companies will need to bid larger amounts of money to continue polluting. As the price of polluting goes up, companies will be more inclined to invest money in technologies that remove pollution before it reaches the smokestack. The Acid Rain Retirement Fund is a nonprofit corporation that uses 100% of the money donated to buy pollution allowances. No portion of a donor's money will be use for administrative purposes unless the donor designates it so. We seek to bid on and remove as much pollution as possible from the environment.

94. Acid Rain: Pollution And Politics - Science And Technology - CBC Archives When fish started turning belly up in lakes and streams, North America s eyeswere suddenly opened to the consequences of pollution. But long after acid http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-75-584/science_technology/acid_rain/

document.write(""); document.write(""); Search the Archives site Advanced Search Home Science and Technology Acid Rain: Pollution and Politics Acid Rain: Pollution and Politics Click to Activate Topic Timeline When fish started turning belly up in lakes and streams, North America's eyes were suddenly opened to the consequences of pollution. But long after acid rain became a household word and Canada decided to take action, the United States was still hesitant to curb their share of industrial pollutants. For years Mulroney courted a reluctant American president while Canadian activists lobbied and spread the word. Results came eventually, but it may have been too little too late. Educational activities about Acid Rain: Pollution and Politics Dying lakes, dying crops Like canaries in a coal mine ... All talk, no action The first report on acid rain alerts the public, and the government, to a serious problem. (TV; runs 1:53) Resort owners recount their fright as the source of their livelihood, freshwater fish, started to mysteriously decline, until it disappeared entirely. (Radio; runs 10:33) Another massive report, another call to action with no results (TV; runs 1:58)

95. National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) The US National Atmospheric Deposition Program operates an acid rain observing network that is used to monitor the chemistry of precipitation for geographical and temporal longterm trends. Quality assured precipitation chemistry data (including acidity) and analyzed maps are available for viewing and downloading. http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/

History and Overview Data Access Collaborating Agencies Isopleth Maps ... New Issues Ammonia Workshop Proceedings Isotopes in Precipitation Announcements Total Nitrogen Measurements Agricultural Air Quality Workshop Mercury 2006 Publications Fall 2005 Technical Meeting Jackson Hole, WY Sept. 27-30, 2005 NADP Networks NADP/NTN: National Trends Network NADP/AIRMoN: Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network NADP/MDN: Mercury Deposition Network The NADP Program Office is located at the Illinois State Water Survey in Champaign, IL and is one of five scientific units at the Water Survey. The Water Survey is an affiliated agency of the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign and a Division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources Comments and Suggestions Use Conditions

96. MSN Encarta - Acid Rain Great books about your topic, acid rain, selected by Encarta editors acid rain,form of air pollution in which airborne acids produced by electric http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578185/Acid_Rain.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Air pollution as source of acid rain Coal burning as contributor to acid rain more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Acid Rain Search for books and more related to Acid Rain Encarta Search Search Encarta about Acid Rain Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Acid Rain ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Acid Rain Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 5 items Article Outline Introduction Formation of Acid Rain Effects of Acid Rain Efforts to Control Acid Rain I Introduction Print Preview of Section Acid Rain , form of air pollution in which airborne acids produced by electric utility plants and other sources fall to Earth in distant regions. The corrosive nature of acid rain causes widespread damage to the environment. The problem begins with the production of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels , such as coal, natural gas, and oil, and from certain kinds of manufacturing. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other pollutants. These acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere, travel with the wind for hundreds of miles, and eventually return to the ground by way of rain, snow, or fog, and as invisible “dry” forms.

97. Acid Rain In parts of the world where there is wet weather, there is acid rain, acid snow If acid rain gets to be more of a problem, then all of the sea life will http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/acid_rain.htm

There are many forms of acid rain that are seen around the world. In parts of the world where there is wet weather, there is acid rain, acid snow, and acid fog. In parts of the world where there is dry weather, there is acid gas and acid dust. All of the lakes and streams in the world are normally slightly acidic. Heavy rainstorms or melting snow can cause the acidity in lakes and in streams to increase. What effect does acid rain have on sea life? Acid rain is very harmful to the environment. Acid rain damages everything over a period of time because it makes the living things in the environment die. Acid rain affects the life in the water as well as the life on land. It is almost worse in water than on land because the fish that are in the water need the water to breathe. When the water gets polluted, then the fish get sick and end up dying. All rainwater contains some level of acidity. Acidity is measured by pH, which stands for potential of hydrogen. The pH scale measures the amount of acid in a substance. PH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with 7 being neutral. The lower the number is on the pH scale, the more acidic that substance is. Normal rainwater has a pH of 5.6. When the pH level of rainwater goes below 5.6, it is considered acid rain. All of the sea life will die when the water that they swim in gets to be too acidic. For example, all fish will die when the water goes below a pH of 4.5. Most of the frogs and insects that live around the water will also die when the water reaches a pH of 4.5. With a pH of 5.5, all of the bottom-dwelling bacterial decomposers, animals that eat the remains of the food that other animals don’t want, will begin to die. When these decomposers die, they leave the un-decomposed food on the bottom of the water. This pollutes the water by making the water dirty for all of the fish to swim in. All fresh water shrimp die when there gets to be a pH of 6.0. Aquatic plants will grow the best when the water is a pH between 7.0 and 9.2. If acid rain gets to be more of a problem, then all of the sea life will eventually be gone.

98. Canadian Coalition On Acid Rain | Library | University Of Waterloo Who ll Stop the Rain Poster The Canadian Coalition on acid rain began in 1981 and It played a central role in raising awareness of the acid rain issue, http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/discipline/SpecColl/acid/

@import url("/css/UWblank.css"); @import url("/css/UW3col.css"); @import url("/css/custom.css"); @import url("css/custom.css"); @import url("/css/UWprint.css") print; Library Web site Search all of UW Search for a person Skip to the content of the web site. TRELLIS Catalogue Resources for Research Journal Articles, etc. ... Site Index General information Displays Hours News Photocopying ... Tours Collections Books, periodicals, government publications Genealogy Kitchener-Waterloo Record Photographic Negative Collection Local history ... UW Archives Help Questions? Finding information Using primary sources Other links Reproductions: K-W Record Photographic Negative Collection Related resources GA 87 CCAR Prepared by J. Britton and H. Dale Aug. 1, 1995 [NB: Each folder in this fonds has been assigned a sequential number which appears at the left margin of this finding aid. This number should be used when requesting materials.] University of Waterloo. Library. Doris Lewis Rare Book Room GA 87 Canadian Coalition on Acid Rain fonds [multiple media]. - ca. 1979 - ca. 1992.

99. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Forests Fall Silent With Acid Rain acid rain is leading to a decline in at least one bird species, say scientists. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/2189151.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Science/Nature News Front Page Africa Americas ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to UK Monday, 12 August, 2002, 23:39 GMT 00:39 UK Forests fall silent with acid rain Song thrush: the wood thrush looks similar Birds could disappear from North American forests because of acid rain. Scientists have found that the pollutant is leading to a decline of one species at least. It seems to affect the breeding habits of the wood thrush. This is far from the only threat against the bird Ralph Hames, Cornell University The bird lives on mountain slopes of the Eastern United States when it visits to breed during the summer. A drop in numbers has been seen since the 1960s. Research into its disappearance has focused until now on habitat loss and destruction. Volunteer help In the latest study, a team at Cornell University looked at a possible link between acid rain, soil acidity and impaired breeding behaviour. They were helped by an army of amateur volunteers who collected data on the wood thrush across its territory range.

100. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Acid Rain 'might Curb Warming' acid rain might not be entirely harmful it might be helping to slow down globalwarming, experts say. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3528990.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Newswatch Last Updated: Tuesday, 3 August, 2004, 12:15 GMT 13:15 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Acid rain 'might curb warming' By Jacqueline Ali BBC News Online Acid rain may combat another type of pollution Acid rain might not be entirely harmful: the sulphate it contains might be helping to slow down global warming, scientists have announced. The greenhouse gas methane is produced in large quantities by microbes found in wetlands such as peats and marshes. But these microbes are inhibited by a type of bacteria that thrives on the sulphate present in acid rain. In time, this could return methane to pre-industrial levels, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences says. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, but it exists in much smaller quantities than carbon dioxide; it accounts for 22% of human-caused global warming. But the majority of atmospheric methane comes from nature. Methanogenic (methane-producing) microbes, called methanogenic archaea (MA), are an integral feature of global wetlands.

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