21. Global Warming, Air Quality, Climate Change, Ozone, Weather Discusses air quality, acid rain, global warming and ozone depletion. From Manchester Metropolitan University. In English and French. http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/index.html

English Français : 10 to 15% online discount off 30 books at Earthscan From the See also the Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development Best viewed with Internet Explorer at 1024 x 768 resolution. aric var sc_project=426932; var sc_partition=1;

22. The Green Lane Acid Rain acid rain and what's being done what's new kids' corner resources What's New About Us Topics Publications Weather Home http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. Acid Lake See how acid rain impacts the environment. http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/acid_rain/index.cfm

Topics Game: Acid Lake Size: 204 kb To download Flash click here. Wildlife Environmental Issues Energy All About Frogs ... UV Effect Printable PDFs Frog Monitoring Activity EcoKids Club Have Your Say Eco-Calendar ... Site Map

24. Guardian Unlimited Special Reports Acid Rain On Increase In acid rain on increase in China Associated Press in Beijing Friday June 3, 2005 The Guardian More of China's cities are suffering from http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. What Is Acid Rain? [USGS] The term acid rain is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic components in When you hear or read in the media about the effects of acid rain, http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/2.html

What is acid rain? The term "acid rain" is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic components in rain, snow, fog, dew, or dry particles. The more accurate term is "acid precipitation." Distilled water, which contains no carbon dioxide, has a neutral pH of 7. Liquids with a pH less than 7 are acid, and those with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline (or basic). "Clean" or unpolluted rain has a slightly acidic pH of 5.6, because carbon dioxide and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid, a weak acid. Around Washington, D.C., however, the average rain pH is between 4.2 and 4.4. The extra acidity in rain comes from the reaction of air pollutants, primarily sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, with water in the air to form strong acids (like sulfuric and nitric acid). The main sources of these pollutants are vehicles and industrial and power-generating plants. In Washington, the main local sources are cars, trucks, and buses. Wet and dry bucket collector, used to collect samples for measuring rainfall acidity. Acidity in rain is measured by collecting samples of rain and measuring its pH. To find the distribution of rain acidity, weather conditions are monitored and rain samples are collected at sites all over the country. The areas of greatest acidity (lowest pH values) are located in the Northeastern United States. This pattern of high acidity is caused by the large number of cities, the dense population, and the concentration of power and industrial plants in the Northeast. In addition, the prevailing wind direction brings storms and pollution to the Northeast from the Midwest, and dust from the soil and rocks in the Northeastern United States is less likely to neutralize acidity in the rain.

26. EPA - Air&Radiation Deals with issues that affect the quality of our air. OAR develops national programs, technical policies, and regulations for air pollution control. Areas of concern to OAR include indoor and outdoor air quality, stationary and mobile sources of air pollution, radon, radiation protection, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, and pollution prevention. http://www.epa.gov/oar/

Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Where You Live Basic Information Indoor Air ... Transfer Network Hurricane Response EPA Resources Response Home General information about hurricanes Federal Resources How to Get Help Donate and Volunteer Finding Friends Health and Safety ... Government Response New Report Shows Progress Reducing Air Pollution in Eastern United States [August 18, 2005] 2004 decreases in emissions of ozone forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) signal that ozone air quality throughout the eastern US is improving. According to a new report, "Evaluating Ozone Control Programs in the Eastern United States: Focus on the NOx Budget Trading Program, 2004", EPA's rule, known as the "NOx SIP Call,"has yielded reductions to improve air quality for more than 100 million people. News Release Read the Report 14 Communities Reduce Smog Ahead of Schedule [August 17, 2005] Fourteen communities across the United States are ahead of schedule in the effort to reduce ground-level ozone, or smog. Because of the progress these areas have made under EPA's Early Action Compacts program, the agency is taking final action to defer certain ozone pollution requirements until Dec. 31, 2006.

27. ACID RAIN Explanation of the causes, the consequences, and the solutions of acid rain. Information about acid rain's chemical formations and reactions. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

28. Acid Rain And Our Nation's Capital [USGS] acid rain and Our Nation s Capital. by Elaine McGee Marble surfaces exposedto rain develop a rough sugary texture because the calcite grains are http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/

by Elaine McGee Marble surfaces exposed to rain develop a rough "sugary" texture because the calcite grains are loosened as the edges dissolve in the rain water. Column capital volute, Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C. VIEW a list of other USGS General Interest Publications Information on the Environment Outreach, Education, and Inquiries This page is URL:http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/ Maintained by Eastern Publications Group Web Team Last modified 07.21.97 (krw)

29. Acid Rain acid rain Backgrounder. Purpose of this file To provide a primer on acid rain for environmental journalists. Copyright 1994. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

30. Global Warming, Air Quality, Climate Change, Ozone, Weather Discusses air quality, acid rain, global warming and ozone depletion. From ManchesterMetropolitan University. In English and French. http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/

English Français : 10 to 15% online discount off 30 books at Earthscan From the See also the Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development Best viewed with Internet Explorer at 1024 x 768 resolution. aric var sc_project=426932; var sc_partition=1;

31. Global Warming, Air Quality, Climate Change, Ozone, Weather A onestop source of information, for younger and older users alike, on a range of atmospheric issues, including air quality, acid rain, global warming and ozone depletion. Provided by the UK Government Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/eae/

English Français : 10 to 15% online discount off 30 books at Earthscan From the See also the Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development Best viewed with Internet Explorer at 1024 x 768 resolution. aric var sc_project=426932; var sc_partition=1;

32. Acid Rain Causes, Effects, And Control acid rain Causes, Effects, and Control http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

33. Acid Rain Topics Introduction to acid rain. Acid Deposition. Acidic Emissions. Buildings Measuring acid rain. Modelling acid rain. Monitoring acid rain. Natural Sources http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Acid_Rain/acid_rain.html

Acid Rain Acid rain is a widespread term used to describe all forms of acid precipitation (rain, snow, hail, fog, etc.). Atmospheric pollutants, particularly oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, can cause precipitation to become more acidic when converted to sulphuric and nitric acids, hence the term acid rain. Acid deposition, acid rain and acid precipitation all relate to the chemistry of air pollution and moisture in the atmosphere. Scientists generally use the term acid deposition but all three terms relate to the same issue. Click Bart Simpson (left) for the easy-to-read young person's text and Mr. Burns (right) for the more technical information. Home Introduction to Acid Rain Acid Deposition Acidic Emissions Buildings Cars Critical Loads Doing Our Bit Europe Fossil Fuels Freshwater Lakes Impacts of Acid Rain Industrial Emission Controls International Agreements Liming Measuring Acid Rain Modelling Acid Rain Monitoring Acid Rain Natural Sources Nitrogen Oxides Rainfall Acidity Soils Sulphur Dioxide Transboundary Pollution Trees UK Acid Rain Vehicle Emission Controls Wildlife

34. National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) The US National Atmospheric Deposition Program operates an acid rain observing network that is used to monitor the chemistry of precipitation for http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

35. Acid Rain Purpose of this file To provide a primer on acid rain for environmental journalists . acid rain kills aquatic life, trees, crops and other vegetation, http://www.lehigh.edu/~kaf3/books/reporting/acid.html

Acid Rain Backgrounder Acid rain refers to all types of precipitationrain, snow, sleet, hail, fogthat is acidic in nature. Acidic means that these forms of water have a pH lower than the 5.6 average of rainwater. Acid rain kills aquatic life, trees, crops and other vegetation, damages buildings and monuments, corrodes copper and lead piping, damages such man-made things as automobiles, reduces soil fertility and can cause toxic metals to leach into underground drinking water sources. Rain is naturally acidic because carbon dioxide, found normally in the earth's atmosphere, reacts with water to form carbonic acid. While "pure" rain's acidity is pH 5.6-5.7, actual pH readings vary from place to place depending upon the type and amount of other gases present in the air, such as sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxides. The term pH refers to the free hydrogen ions (electrically charged atoms) in water and is measured on a scale from to 14. Seven is considered neutral and measurements below seven are acidic while those above it are basic or alkaline. Every point on the pH scale represents a tenfold increase over the previous number. Thus, pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times more so than pH 6. Similarly, pH 9 is 1O times more basic than pH 8 and 100 times more basic than pH 7. The acid in acid rain comes from two kinds of air pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These are emitted primarily from utility and smelter "smokestacks" and automobile, truck and bus exhausts, but they also come from burning wood.

36. Environment Canada: Acid Rain Environment Canada monitors acid, weather, pollution deposits, precipitation and marine fog chemistry. Explains the effects and trends of acid and links to science sites in the same genre. http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/aeb/ssd/acid/

37. CNN.com - Nature - Acid Rain Eats Away At Northeast - April 3, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/04/03/acid.rain.enn/index.html

nature Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web NATURE TOP STORIES New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil spill cleanup Insight, Prius lead the hybrid-powered fleet Picture: Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts MORE TOP STORIES Up to 2,000 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Clinton aide denies reports of White House vandalism New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil-spill cleanup Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: CNN e-store Acid rain eats away at Northeast Avalanche Lake in Adirondack Park, New York State. Watersheds are especially vulnerable to acid rain

38. CNN.com - Nature - Virginia Anglers Fish For Clues To Acid Rain - May 1, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/05/01/acid.fish.enn/index.html

nature Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web NATURE TOP STORIES New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil spill cleanup Insight, Prius lead the hybrid-powered fleet Picture: Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts MORE TOP STORIES Up to 2,000 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Clinton aide denies reports of White House vandalism New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil-spill cleanup Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: CNN e-store Virginia anglers fish for clues to acid rain A University of Virginia student gathers a water sample from a trout stream in Virginia in a study to access the effect of acid rain on the state's waterways and marine life.

39. ACID RAIN Explanation of the causes, the consequences, and the solutions of acid rain.Information about acid rain s chemical formations and reactions. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/9111/DOC.HTML

CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND SOLUTIONS OF ACID RAIN BY SARN PHAMORNSUWANA This document consists of... Go To The Document. Table Of Contence. Introduction. Information About Sulfur Dioxide. ... A Brief Summary About Acid Rain. "Acid Rain," or more precisely acid precipitation, is the word used to describe rainfall that has a pH level of less than 5.6. This form of air pollution is currently a subject of great controversy because of it's worldwide environmental damages. For the last ten years, this phenomenon has brought destruction to thousands of lakes and streams in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe. Acid rain is formed when oxides of nitrogen and sulfite combine with moisture in the atmosphere to make nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids can be carried away far from its origin. This report contains the causes, effects, and solutions to acid rain. The two primary sources of acid rain are sulfur dioxide (SO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Sulfur dioxide is a colourless, prudent gas released as a by-product of combusted fossil fuels containing sulfur. A variety of industrial processes, such as the production of iron and steel, utility factories, and crude oil processing produce this gas. In iron and steel production, the smelting of metal sulfate ore, produces pure metal. This causes the release of sulfur dioxide. Metals such as zinc, nickel, and copper are commonly obtained by this process. Sulfur dioxide can also be emitted into the atmosphere by natural disasters or means. This ten percent of all sulfur dioxide emission comes from volcanoes, sea spray, plankton, and rotting vegetation. Overall, 69.4 percent of sulfur dioxide is produced by industrial combustion. Only 3.7 percent is caused by transportation

40. E, The Environmental Magazine: Current Issue Covering environmental issues such as global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, green living, ecology, alternative energy, biodiversity, endangered species, the nonprofit community and from the personal to the political - always with a 'what you can do' emphasis. You can read it online or subscribe. http://www.emagazine.com/

Subscribe Today Free Trial Other Options Subscriber Login Search emagazine.com Advanced Search HOME LOGIN SUBSCRIBE ... DONATE WELCOME! Publisher's Message Subscriber Services Subscriber Login FREE WEEKLY NEWSLETTER ENTER E-MAIL: NEWS THIS WEEK China Considering Increasing Renewables Commitment by 50% Automakers Helping Make Schwarzenegger's "Hydrogen Highway" Dreams Come True NEWS ARCHIVE COMMENTARY ARCHIVE ... and Build Membership! CURRENT ISSUE AND THIS WEEK'S COMMENTARY SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 2005 CITIES OF THE FUTURE By 2007, 3.2 billion people—a number larger than the entire global population of 1967—will live in cities. Developing countries will absorb nearly all of the world’s population increases between today and 2030. The urban growth rate of 1.8 percent for 2000 to 2030 will double the number of city dwellers in less than 30 years. Meanwhile, rural populations are growing scarcely at all. In this cover story, E profiles some of the world’s largest and most environmentally challenged megacities. By Divya Abhat, Shauna Dineen, Tamsyn Jones, Jim Motavalli, Rebecca Sanborn, and Kate Slomkowski POVERTY IS TERRORISM If our “mega-cities” coverage in this issue doesn’t convince our readers and the substantial audience of international politicians and journalists also receiving it that the world has much bigger problems on its hands than terrorism, then I don’t know what will. On September 11, 2001 some 3,000 people died in one single savage act in one day. Yet around the world 10 times that many children die in one day, every day.

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