1. Olaudah Equiano - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 – 31 March 1797), also known as Gustavus Vassa, was one of the most prominent people of African heritage involved in the British http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano

Olaudah Equiano From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Born c. Essaka, Nigeria disputed Died 31 March London, England Gustavus Vassa Influence over British lawmakers to abolish the slave trade Occupation Slave, Explorer, Writer Spouse Susannah Cullen Children Joanna Vassa Olaudah Equiano c. 31 March ), also known as Gustavus Vassa , was one of the most prominent people of African heritage involved in the British debate for the abolition of the slave trade. He wrote an autobiography that depicted the horrors of slavery and helped influence British lawmakers to abolish the slave trade through the Slave Trade Act of 1807 . Despite his enslavement as a young man, he worked as a seaman, merchant, and explorer in South America , the Caribbean , the arctic , the American colonies , and the United Kingdom Contents Early life and slavery Pioneer of the abolitionist cause Family in Britain Last days and will ... edit Early life and slavery By his own account, Olaudah Equiano's early life began in the region of "Essaka" (in his spelling) near the River Niger , an Igbo -speaking region of Nigeria . His father was an important elder in the village, who helped settle disputes. Equiano's people were simple tribesmen with few wants. At an early age, he was kidnapped by kinsmen and forced into domestic

2. Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (London, 1789; vol. I) http://history.hanover.edu/texts/equiano/equiano_contents.html

Olaudah Equiano The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (London, 1789; vol. I) Hanover Historical Texts Project Scanned and proofread by Kathleen Diekhoff, May 1998. Proofread and posted by Raluca Preotu, August 1999. Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001. Table of Contents Epistle Dedicatory "To the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain." Chapter I The author's account of his country, and their manners and customsAdministration of justice EmbrencheMarriage ceremony, and public entertainmentsMode of living-DressManufactures BuildingsCommerce AgricultureWar and religionSuperstition of the nativesFuneral ceremonies of the priests or magiciansCurious mode of discovering poisonSome hints concerning the origin of the author's countrymen, with the opinions of different writers on that subject. Chapter II The author's birth and parentageHis being kidnapped with his sisterTheir separation-surprise at meeting againAre finally separatedAccount of the different places and incidents the author met with till his arrival on the coastThe effect the sight of a slave ship had on himHe sails for the West IndiesHorrors of a slave shipArrives at Barbadoes, where the cargo is sold and dispersed. Chapter III The author is carried to VirginiaHis distressSurprise at seeing a picture and a watchIs bought by Captain Pascal, and sets out for EnglandHis terror during the voyageArrives in EnglandHis Wonder at a fall of snowIs sent to Guernsey and in some time goes on board a ship of war with his masterSome account of the expedition against Louisbourg under the command of Admiral Boscawen in 1758.

3. Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano was born in Essaka, an Igbo village in the kingdom of Benin, in 1745. His father was one of the province s elders who decided disputes. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Sequiano.htm

Olaudah Equiano Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email Olaudah Equiano was born in Essaka, an Igbo village in the kingdom of Benin, in 1745. His father was one of the province's elders who decided disputes. When he was about eleven, Equiano was kidnapped and after six months of captivity he was brought to the coast where he encountered white men for the first time. Sold to slave-traders, Equiano was transported to Barbados. After a two-week stay in the West Indies Equiano was sent to the English colony of Virginia. He was later purchased by Captain Henry Pascal, a British naval officer. Equiano saved whatever money he could, and in 1766 purchased his freedom. He then worked closely with Granvile Sharpe and Thomas Clarkson in the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade Equiano spoke at a large number of public meetings where he described the cruelty of the slave trade. Equiano was also a close friend of Thomas Hardy , secretary of the London Corresponding Society . Equiano became an active member of this political society that campaigned in favour of universal suffrage. In 1787 Equiano helped his friend

4. 100 Great Black Britons - Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano, the first political leader of Britain s black community was born in Essaka, an Igbo village in the kingdom of Benin, in 1745. http://www.100greatblackbritons.com/bios/olaudah_equiano.html

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5. Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano, an Ibo from Nigeria, was just 11 years old when he was kidnapped into slavery. He was held captive in West Africa for seven months and then http://www.aalbc.com/authors/olaudah.htm

document.write(''); Olaudah Equiano African American Literature Book Club - The #1 Site for "Readers of Black Literature" Enter your search terms Submit search form Search the Web AALBC.com Thumpers Corner Book Search Home Back Author Home Up ... Advertise Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa They...Carry off as many as they can seize A multitude of people...chained together Olaudah Equiano offers a first- hand account of his arrival in the West-Indies Religion " THEY...CARRY OFF AS MANY AS THEY CAN SEIZE " Olaudah Equiano, an Ibo from Nigeria, was just 11 years old when he was kidnapped into slavery. He was held captive in West Africa for seven months and then sold to British slavers, who shipped him to Barbados and then took him to Virginia. After serving a British naval officer, he was sold to a Quaker merchant from Philadelphia who allowed him to purchase his freedom in 1766. In later life, he played an active role in the movement to abolish the slave trade. Source: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African (London, 1789).

6. The Middle Passage According To Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano is perhaps one of the most wellknown abolitionist writers and former slaves to live in America. His narrative has been digitized as a part http://www.learnnc.org/lessons/mmcglinn972004985

LEARN North Carolina On this page: navigation column previous pages/topics header body ... Multimedia Library For Students Primary: K Elementary: Middle: Secondary: About LEARN NC About LEARN NC Partners Local Coordinators Legal ... Contact LEARN NC LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education Lesson Plans The Middle Passage According to Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano is perhaps one of the most well-known abolitionist writers and former slaves to live in America. His narrative has been digitized as a part of the Documenting the American South North American Slave Narratives collection. His vivid retelling of his trip onboard a slave ship bound for the New World illustrates the horrific and dehumanizing experience. by Regina Wooten Lesson contents Learning outcomes Teacher planning Pre-activities Activities ... North Carolina curriculum alignment About the author This plan was created with the support of the Documenting the American South collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library System, and NC ECHO. On the web Find websites with resources on African Americans and United States history Tools Printer-friendly format Email this lesson plan Lesson plan publication standards Legal This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License

7. The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano. Our Price, $2.50. Availability, In Stock. Format, Book. Grade Level, 9 and Up (ages 14 and up). ISBN, 048640661X. Page Count, 192 http://store.doverpublications.com/048640661x.html

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8. Olaudah Equiano --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on Olaudah Equiano selfproclaimed West African sold into slavery and later freed. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9032842/Olaudah-Equiano

var britAdCategory = "other"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Olaudah Equiano Print this Table of Contents Linked Articles slavery abolitionist Middle Passage Hannah More ... slave narrative Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. Olaudah Equiano Page 1 of 1 born c. 1745, Essaka [in present-day Nigeria]? died March 31, 1797, London, England Title page from the first edition of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah self-proclaimed West African sold into slavery and later freed. His autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano; or, Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself (1789), with its strong abolitionist stance and detailed description of life in Nigeria, was so popular that in his lifetime it ran through nine English editions and one U.S. printing and was translated into Dutch, German, and Russian. At the turn of the 21st century, newly discovered documents suggesting that Equiano may have been born in North America raised questions, still unresolved, about whether his accounts of Africa and the

9. Olaudah Equiano Olaudah equiano olaudah Equiano (also referred to as Gustavus Vassa) was born in Nigeria, stolen from his parents and sold into slavery. http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=2142&CONTENT_ITEM_T

10. Olaudah Equiano - Wikipedia, Slobodna Enciklopedija - ВикипеРOlaudah Equiano (cca. 1745 – 31.3. 1797), tako er poznat kao Gustavus Vassa, bio je jedna od najpoznatijih li nosti afri kog porijekla koji je sudjelovao u http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano

Olaudah Equiano From Wikipedia Skoči na - Скочи на: navigacija- навигација pretraga - претрага Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano cca. ), također poznat kao Gustavus Vassa , bio je jedna od najpoznatijih ličnosti afričkog porijekla koji je sudjelovao u raspravama vezanim uz zabranu trgovine robljem u Britaniji. Napisao je autobiografiju koja prikazuje užase ropstva te koja je utjecala na britanske zakonodavce da konačno ukinu trgovinu robljem 1807. U mladosti je bio rob, a nakon što je otkupio svoju slobodu postao je i sam trgovac robljem i pomorac. uredi - уреди Vanjski linkovi Djela čiji je autor Olaudah Equiano na Projektu Gutenberg Audio recording of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano na LibriVox Olaudah Equiano na BBC Africans in America - Olaudah Equiano na PBS Equiano at Parliament and the British Slave Trade 1600-1807 Olaudah Equiano: Black Britain's Political Founding Father at 100 Great Black Britons uredi - уреди Dramske rekonstrukcije African Snow Riding Lights Theatre Company . drama iz 2007. godine Amazing Grace official US website Amazing Grace official UK website ... A Son of Africa 1998 short film from California Newsreel uredi - уреди Debata o rodnom mjestu Autobiography and Memory: Gustavus Vassa, alias Olaudah Equiano, the African

11. Equiano, Olaudah (1745-1797) | The Black Past: Remembered And Reclaimed Olaudah equiano olaudah Equiano, whose father was an Ibo chief, was born in 1745 in what is now Southern Nigeria. At the age of 11 years, Olaudah was http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/equiano-olaudah-1745-1797

12. Olaudah Equiano - Your Archives Wikipedia article on Olaudah Equiano; Vincent Carretta, Equiano the African Biography of a SelfMade. Man (Athens and London University of Georgia Press, http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Olaudah_Equiano

13. Olaudah Equiano, Or, Gustavus Vassa, The African A comprehensive introduction to equiano s life and work, including a biography, extracts from his writing, images, links, and an extensive bibliography. http://www.brycchancarey.com/equiano/

Home Slavery Abolition Equiano ... Search Olaudah Equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa, the African According to his famous autobiography, written in 1789, Olaudah Equiano (c.1745-1797) was born in what is now Nigeria. Kidnapped and sold into slavery in childhood, he was taken as a slave to the New World. As a slave to a captain in the Royal Navy, and later to a Quaker merchant, he eventually earned the price of his own freedom by careful trading and saving. As a seaman, he travelled the world, including the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, the Atlantic and the Arctic, the latter in an abortive attempt to reach the North Pole. Coming to London, he became involved in the movement to abolish the slave trade, an involvement which led to him writing and publishing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African (1789) a strongly abolitionist autobiography. The book became a bestseller and, as well as furthering the anti-slavery cause, made Equiano a wealthy man. These web pages aim to reflect the best in Equiano scholarship. Click on the links below to find out more, and return to this site soon, as information is regularly updated. A Biography of Equiano A Map of Equiano's Travels An Annotated Bibliography of Equiano Studies Extracts from The Interesting Narrative Boarding a Slave-Ship The Middle Passage Equiano in Cornwall and Guernsey Equiano Gains His Freedom ... A Newspaper Advertisement for The Interesting Narrative , dated May 1789.

14. Olaudah Equiano's Life Background information on the early AfricanAmerican writer. http://www.atomicage.com/equiano/life.html

Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) was kidnapped from his African village at the age of eleven, shipped through the arduous "Middle Passage" of the Atlantic Ocean, seasoned in the West Indies and sold to a Virginia planter. He was later bought by a British naval Officer, Captain Pascal, as a present for his cousins in London. After ten years of enslavement throughout the North American continent, where he assisted his merchant slave master and worked as a seaman, Equiano bought his freedom. At the age of forty four he wrote and published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Written by Himself, which he registered at Stationer's Hall, London, in 1789. More than two centuries later, this work is recognized not only as one of the first works written in English by a former slave, but perhaps more important as the paradigm of the slave narrative, a new literary genre. Equiano recalls his childhood in Essaka (an Igbo village formerly in northeast Nigeria), where he was adorned in the tradition of the "greatest warriors." He is unique in his recollection of traditional African life before the advent of the European slave trade. Equally significant is Equiano's life on the high seas, which included not only travels throughout the Americas, Turkey and the Mediterranean; but also participation in major naval battles during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), as well as in the search for a northwest passage led by the Phipps expedition of 1772-1773. Equiano also records his central role, along with Granville Sharpe, in the British Abolishionist Movement. As a major voice in this movement, Equiano petitioned the Queen of England in 1788. He was appointed to the expedition to settle London's poor Blacks in Sierra Leone, a British colony on the west coast of Africa. Sadly, he did not complete the journey back to his native land.

15. Olaudah Equiano Excerpts from equiano s slave autobiography, a bestseller of the 18th century that had a major impact on English and American public opinion. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/Equiano.html

olaudah equiano the life of gustavus vassa selections William Henry Holcombe's defense of slavery in "The Alternative" ? How does Equiano employ Enlightenment and Protestant ideas? Does the narrative sound more "African" or more "European"? Why? the life of gustavus vassa chapter 2 The Atlantic Voyage While we stayed on the coast I was mostly on deck; and one day, to my great astonishment, I saw one of these vessels coming in with the sails up. As soon as the whites saw it, they gave a great shout, at which we were amazed; and the more so, as the vessel appeared larger by approaching nearer. At last, she came to an anchor in my sight, and when the anchor was let go, I and my countrymen who saw it, were lost in astonishment to observe the vessel stop and were now convinced it was done by magic. Soon after this the other ship got her boats out, and they came on board of us, and the people of both ships seemed very glad to see each other. Several of the strangers also shook hands with us black people, and made motions with their hands, signifying I suppose, we were to go to their country, but we did not understand them. We were conducted immediately to the merchant's yard, where we were all pent up together, like so many sheep in a fold, without regard to sex or age. As every object was new to me, every thing I saw filled me with surprise. What struck me first, was, that the houses were built with bricks and stories, and in every other respect different from those I had seen in Africa; but I was still more astonished on seeing people on horseback. I did not know what this could mean; and, indeed, I thought these people were full of nothing but magical arts. While I was in this astonishment, one of my fellow-prisoners spoke to a countryman of his, ahout the horses, who said they were the same kind they had in their country. I understood them, though they were from a distant part of Africa; and I thought it odd I had not seen any horses there; but afterwards, when I came to converse with different Africans, I found they had many horses amongst them, and much larger than those I then saw.

16. Olaudah Equiano, B. 1745 (pseud. Gustavus Vassa) The Interesting Narrative Of Th The Interesting Narrative of the Life of olaudah equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. Vol. I. by olaudah equiano, b. 1745 (pseud. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/equiano1/menu.html

Highlights About Collections Authors ... North American Slave Narratives >> Document Menu Olaudah Equiano, b. 1745 (pseud. Gustavus Vassa) The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. Vol. I. London: Author, [1789]. Full Text (v, [9], 272, [5] p., ca. 280K) HTML file XML/TEI source file Other Volumes of this work Vol. II. Illustrations Frontispiece Title Page List of Illustrations Subjects Africa Description and travel Early works to 1800. African Americans Biography. Blacks Biography. Equiano, Olaudah, b. 1745. ... Slaves' writings. Funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities supported the electronic publication of this title. The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library, provided the text for the electronic publication of this title. Return to North American Slave Narratives Home Page Return to Documenting the American South Home Page Contact Us FAQ Home UNC University Library ... University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill URL: http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/equiano1/menu.html Last updated January 26, 2008

17. Africans In America/Part 1/Olaudah Equiano Captured far from the African coast when he was a boy of 11, olaudah equiano was sold into slavery, later acquired his freedom, and, in 1789, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p276.html

var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Part 2: 1750-1805 Part 3: 1791-1831 Part 4: 1831-1865 Narrative Resource Bank Teacher's Guide Olaudah Equiano Resource Bank Contents Captured far from the African coast when he was a boy of 11, Olaudah Equiano was sold into slavery, later acquired his freedom, and, in 1789, wrote his widely-read autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African The youngest son of a village leader, Equiano was born among the Ibo people in the kingdom of Benin, along the Niger River. He was "the greatest favourite with [his] mother." His family expected to follow in his father's footsteps and become a chief, an elder, a judge. Slavery was an intregal part of the Ibo culture, as it was with many other African peoples. His family owned slaves, but there was also a continual threat of being abducted, of becoming someone else's slave. This is what happened, one day, while Equiano and his sister were at home alone. Two men and a woman captured the children. Several days later Equiano and his sister were separated. Equiano continued to travel farther and farther from home, day after day, month after month, exchanging masters along the way. Equiano's early experiences as a slave were not all disagreeable; some families treated Equiano almost as a part of the family. The kind treatment, however, was about to end.

18. Equiano Main Page olaudah equianoolah-oo-day ek-wee-ah-no, called Gustavus Vassa by his white masters, became a legend through his words. In 1788 England published his http://www.princeton.edu/~howarth/304.Projects/Erera/Pages/Main.htm

"May the time come . . . when the sable people shall gratefully commemorate the auspicious era of extensive freedom." The Interesting Life of Olaudah Equiano . . . African, slave, sailor, writer, Englishman, Christian, abolitionist Olaudah Equiano[o-lah- oo -day ek-wee- ah -no], called Gustavus Vassa by his white masters, became a legend through his words. In 1788 England published his autobiographical work, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African , which set the precedent for anti-slavery literature written by former slaves themselves, which would have a profound impact on the abolition movements in the eighteenth century. Born in 1745 in a small village in modern-day Nigeria, Equiano would travel far before his death in 1797. African slave traders tore him from his family when he was eleven. Thus began a series of worldly experiences not matched by many of the most cosmopolitan people let alone of an oppressed young black man. Equiano offers unique perspective not found in the later works of African-American freedmen, like Frederick Douglass, for he remembers his native Arican community before enslavement. Equiano writes of his struggle to assimilate to the many cultures he became a part of, often by force: as Ibo, slave, sailor, Englishman, and Christian. His vivid descriptions and faithful telling of tales allow readers to relate closely to the troubled spirit of one man attempting to forge identity and gain self-empowerment in an adverse world.

19. BBC - History - Olaudah Equiano (c.1745 - 1797) equiano was an African writer whose experiences as a slave prompted him to become involved in the British abolition movement. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/equiano_olaudah.shtml

@import '/includes/tbenh.css'; @import '/history/historic_figures/css/historic_figures.css'; @import '/history/historic_figures/css/biography.css'; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index 26 January 2008 Accessibility help Text only BBC Homepage History Homepage Topics Ancient History British History World Wars Recent History Resources Interactive Content British Timeline Historic Figures History for Kids Practical History Archaeology Family History History Trails Community Message Board Newsletter Site guide Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! Olaudah Equiano (c.1745 - 1797) Equiano was an African writer whose experiences as a slave prompted him to become involved in the British abolition movement. In his autobiography, Olaudah Equiano writes that he was born in the Eboe province, in the area that is now southern Nigeria. He describes how he was kidnapped with his sister at around the age of 11, sold by local slave traders and shipped across the Atlantic to Barbados and then Virginia. In the absence of written records it is not certain whether Equiano's description of his early life is accurate. Doubt also stems from the fact that, in later life, he twice listed a birthplace in the Americas. Apart from the uncertainty about his early years, everything Equiano describes in his extraordinary autobiography can be verified. In Virginia he was sold to a Royal Navy officer, Lieutenant Michael Pascal, who renamed him 'Gustavus Vassa' after the 16th-century Swedish king. Equiano travelled the oceans with Pascal for eight years, during which time he was baptised and learned to read and write.

20. The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Etext of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of olaudah equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/equiano.html

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African Born in Benin in the late 18th century, Equiano was enslaved as a young boy and passed through a variety of experiences, many of them horrible; but he managed to acquire enough learning and independence to become a major voice advocating an end to slavery. His Narrative, written in English in 1789, immediately became a sensation, and has remained a classic source for our knowledge about the European slave trade from the point of view of the slave. In what ways does Equiano contrast slavery within Africa with the sort of slavery he encountered in the western hemisphere? What sufferings does he describe on the slave ship crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean? In what ways were slaves cheated by whites? Description of his early life. Enslavement On the slave ship Life in slavery It was very common in several of the islands, particularly in St Kitt's, for the slaves to be branded with the initial letters of their master's name, and a load of heavy iron hooks hung about their necks. Indeed on the most trifling occasions they were loaded with chains, and often instruments of torture were added. The iron muzzle, thumbscrews, etc. are so well known as not to need a description, and were sometimes applied for the slightest faults. I have seen a negro beaten till some of his bones were broken for even letting a pot boil over. It is surprising that usage like this should drive the poor creatures to despair and make them seek refuge in death from those evils which render their lives intolerable while

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