Geometry.Net - Basic_Y: Yugoslavia Government

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From Athens King Peter and his government went to Jerusalem and then Cairo. Finally King Peter II established the Yugoslav government in exile in London.
http://www.royalfamily.org/family/hrhcpa_bio.htm

Extractions: In April 1941 after the Nazis attacked and occupied Yugoslavia the country's young King Peter II left in the wake of the invading German forces for Athens Greece with the Yugoslav government. The King and his countrymen were determined not to surrender to the invaders in the best tradition of the founder of the Dynasty, Karadjordje ("Black George") Petrovic who led the heroic uprising of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire in 1804. From Athens King Peter and his government went to Jerusalem and then Cairo. Finally King Peter II established the Yugoslav government in exile in London. HRH Crown Prince Alexander II was educated at Le Rosey (Switzerland), Culver Military Academy (Indiana, USA), Gordonstoun School (Scotland) and Millfield (England). He subsequently went to the British Royal Military Academy. In 1966 he was commissioned in the British Army and served in the 16th/5th The Queen's Royal Lancers rising to the rank of Captain. His tours of duty included the Middle East, Italy and West Germany. Since leaving the army in 1972 Crown Prince Alexander II who speaks several languages pursued a career in business.
Online NewsHour: War On The Web -- March 29, 1999
And the Yugoslav government has its own Web site in which it describes what There was a passage of a draconian media law by the Yugoslav government back
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/europe/jan-june99/media_3-29.html

Extractions: While the Western press has had a difficult time reporting from Yugoslavia, some independent Serbian news organizations have taken to the Internet to report on the story. Media correspondent Terence Smith and guests discuss the struggle to disseminate news and assess how independent the media still is. Crisis in Kosovo Index. March 26, 1999
Online NewsHour: Three U.S. Soliders Released -- May 2, 1999
The Yugoslav government s news agency, Tanjug, said the release was a good will gesture in support of Rev. Jackson s efforts.
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/europe/jan-june99/pows_5-1.html

Extractions: The Yugoslavian ambassador to the U.N. discusses growing tension. NATO US State Department The three crossed into neighboring Croatia on Sunday with Rev. Jackson chanting, "Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty, free at last!" The US government welcomed the release, but reiterated NATO's intentions to continue airtstrikes against the Balkan nation. "As we welcome our soldiers home, our thoughts also turn to the over 1 million Kosovars who are unable to go home because of the policies of the regime in Belgrade," President Clinton said in a statement issued Sunday. "Today we reaffirm our resolve to persevere until they, too, can return with security and self-government." During a press conference Saturday, Jackson said the Yugoslav decision should be seen as an opportunity for a diplomatic end to the conflict.
The Tribunal [ Printer Version ]
The Yugoslav government s cooperation with the Tribunal improved slightly before the The Yugoslav government began debate on a new law to allow for full
http://www.hrcberkeley.org/specialprojects/avillagedestroyed/printer_tribunal.ht

Extractions: The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was founded in May 1993 to prosecute war crimes committed on the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991. As of July 2002, seventy-seven individuals were under public indictment, and fifty-six of them were in proceedings before the Tribunal (46 were in detention and 10 were provisionally released) Twenty-one indictees remain at large. The Tribunal's first public reference to Kosovo was on March 10, 1998, just after the Serbian government's first large-scale attack in the Drenica region, when the Tribunal's prosecutor stated that its jurisdiction "is ongoing and covers the recent violence in Kosovo."3 Three days later, the U.S. government announced that it was providing $1,075,000 to support the Tribunal's investigations in Kosovo. On June 12, 1998, a meeting of the Contact Group on the Former Yugoslavia (comprised of France, Germany, UK, US, Italy and Russia) urged the Tribunal to undertake a "rapid and thorough investigation" of possible humanitarian law violations in Kosovo.4 On July 7, then-chief prosecutor of the Tribunal Justice Louise Arbour, wrote a letter to the Contact Group in which she reaffirmed the Tribunal's mandate and intentions in Kosovo:
Tito And His People By Howard Fast (4)
Confidentially, the Yugoslav government officials will concede that Mikhailovich In March, 1943, the Yugoslav government in London, officially,
http://www.trussel.com/hf/tito4.htm

Extractions: Tito and his People (4) Historical circumstance threw Colonel Drazha Mikhailovich into a position of power and responsibility, as it did Tito. Unlike Tito, Mikhailovich was neither strong enough nor wise enough to take advantage of circumstances. Nor did he have Tito's driving passion for liberty. In southwest Yugoslavia was a colonel, Drazha Mikhailovich, who was the highest ranking officer in that district. Most of the others had fled after the surrender of Yugoslavia. Around him several brigades gathered. Mikhailovich is by no means a brilliant man. At the very beginning, in May and early June of 1941, before there was any real organized Partisan resistance in Yugoslavia, Mikhailovich thought he would continue to resist the Germans and during that time he made several attacks upon them. It was then that the Mikhailovich legend started rolling. But after five or six weeks of active warfare, Mikhailovich discovered that he was not alone in resisting the enemy. There was another man Tito, a Communist. He led a Partisan army that was attacking the Nazis and Fascists in every part of the land. Mikhailovich did not like this, for he hated Communists. He knew nothing about them, had never made any attempt to learn about them but he hated them. He did not like the idea of Partisan warfare.
RW ONLINE:Yugoslavia: Rat Out...Rat In
Meanwhile, the US worked to destabilize the Yugoslav government from within. In addition to the hidden CIA operations, money was openly sent to Yugoslav
http://rwor.org/a/v22/1070-79/1074/yugo.htm

Extractions: Rat Out...Rat In Revolutionary Worker #1074, October 15, 2000 The first week in October, a deep political crisis ended Slobodan Milosevic's government in Yugoslavia. After the September 24 elections, opposition figures took over many local governments. A general strike, spearheaded by coal miners, demonstrated deep discontent. Crowds of people rallied in the capital, Belgrade, insisting that Vojislav Kostunica, of the DOS opposition coalition, had defeated Milosevic in the September 24 presidential election. Crowds attacked symbols of the ruling government-including the national parliament, where Milosevic's coalition maintains a majority. The police and army refused to intervene, and on Friday, October 6, Milosevic announced he would leave the presidency. One reactionary rat has been driven from power in Belgrade-to be replaced by a new rat, hand-picked by the U.S. and NATO. The Final Act of War The U.S. media portrays the change in Belgrade as "the will of the people." But it really represents the will of NATO-the war alliance whose main powers are the U.S., Britain, Germany, and France. Over two years, NATO has used their armies and intense economic sanctions to force Yugoslavia to adopt a new government. In the Spring of 1999, the NATO war alliance carried out thousands of bombing runs, attacking this poor country of only 10 million people for 72 days and nights. NATO warplanes shattered the country's economic backbone-bombing rail lines, communications, factories, hospitals, government offices and military installations.
RW ONLINE:Yugoslavia: Stop The Cops Of The World
The Yugoslav government has reported that a thousand people died in the first After 1989, the Yugoslav government increased the oppression of Albanian
http://rwor.org/a/v21/1005-009/1008/balkan.htm

Extractions: Stop the Cops of the World Revolutionary Worker #1008, May 30, 1999 In the thousands of raids in NATO's one-sided war against Yugoslavia, high- tech bombs are pounding people, factories, barracks, bridges, military installations, oil refineries and storage tanks, hospitals, markets, villages, government ministries, television stations, trains, and buses, day and night. The Yugoslav government has reported that a thousand people died in the first month alone. In the second month, the bombing has been sharply intensified. It has become impossible for the U.S. and NATO to pretend that their "smart bombs" only hit military sites. Two U.S. cruise missiles missed the whole country of Yugoslavia completely . One landed in the capital city of neighboring Bulgaria, shocking the people there and deeply embarrassing the Bulgarian government, which had just given NATO permission to "fly over" Bulgaria on their bombing raids. The world has seen U.S. jets attack Kosovo refugee columns. Journalists have documented attacks on Serbian hospitals, miles from military targets. Everyone has seen the righteous anger of the Chinese people after the deadly U.S. May 7 attack on China's embassy in Belgrade. Since then, NATO has been forced to admit to further atrocities:
NO "LIBERATION ARMY" CROATION GENERAL COMMANDS KLA
According to reports in the Yugoslav media, the Yugoslav government believed that KLA operations were being carried out by mercenaries trained in Bosnia.
http://www.jdo.org/klf.htm

Extractions: NO "LIBERATION ARMY" " CROATION GENERAL COMMANDS KLA By Gary Wilson It has been revealed that the top commander of the so-called Kosovo Liberation Army is Agim Ceku, a brigadier general who took a leave from the Croatian Army in February. This news may help dispel some of the many myths surrounding the KLA. However, it is not surprising to those who have known for a long time that the KLA is a mercenary contra army promoted by foreign imperialist powers, not a home-grown operation. Ceku’s new position is also ominous news for opponents of NATO’s brutal war. In August 1995 Ceku presided over "Operation Storm," the massive bombing and displacement of hundreds of thousands of Serb farmers from the part of Croatia known as the Krajina. The revelation that he is now heading the KLA is widely seen as a sign that a ground-force invasion is being prepared. He is closely tied to Military Professional Resources, Inc. MPRI is a semi-official Pentagon contractor headed by retired U.S. military officers. It specializes in sending mercenary armies under Pentagon contract into wars without even the figleaf of congressional oversight. Jane’s Defense Weekly describes Ceku as "one of the key planners of the successful ‘Operation Storm.’" Many reports have shown in detail that MPRI planned and directed this operation in the Krajina.
Page Redirect
To poll (zondazh) the Yugoslav government regarding joint action with the USSR To clarify the position of the Yugoslav government on establishing
http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=library.document&id=199
Cooperative Analysis Of Aspects Of The Kosova/Kosovo Conflict
Albanians and the Yugoslav government began to deteriorate noticeably. to their increasing political marginalization by the Yugoslav government,
http://shr.aaas.org/kosovo/pk/p1_1.html

Extractions: Cooperative Analysis of Aspects of the Kosova/Kosovo Conflict Political and Historical Context With the death in 1980 of longtime Yugoslav leader Josep Broz Tito, the relationship between Kosovar Albanians and the Yugoslav government began to deteriorate noticeably. Throughout the 1980s, tensions between ethnic Kosovar Albanians and the Yugoslav government rose. These tensions peaked in 1989 when Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic officially revoked Kosova/Kosovos autonomous status within the Republic of Serbia. This action exacerbated the already volatile situation, further setting Serbia and Kosova/Kosovo on a course toward conflict. Reacting to their increasing political marginalization by the Yugoslav government, Kosovar Albanians declared Kosova/Kosovo an independent republic within the Yugoslav state in 1990. Two years later, the self-declared republic elected its own parliament and named Ibrahim Rugova as president. Until the mid-1990s, the Kosovar Albanians adhered to a policy of peaceful resistance embraced by Rugova. However, by 1996, Rugova and his policy of non-violent opposition were increasingly discredited due to their inability to raise international support for the Kosovar Albanians cause. Internal opposition forces began to take a more assertive approach and support for civil disobedience grew. It was at this time that the Kosova/Kosovo Liberation Army (UÇK in its Albanian acronym) emerged as an armed opposition force.
AAAS - Report On Science And Human Rights
This implies that Yugoslav government forces were the likely perpetrators, and other evidence exists to support this conclusion.
http://shr.aaas.org/report/xxii/2_icty.htm

Extractions: Log In Join Search Site Map ... Advanced search Quick Link AAAS Board AAAS Council Archives Awards Development Education Employment Events Governance International Media Relations Meeting Membership Organization Press Releases Science Science on the Stand: AAAS Statistician Testifies at the Trial of Slobodan Milosevic By Patrick Ball, Deputy Director Rights Program The study began in April 1999 when I went to Albania with Fritz Scheuren, an eminent American statistician and current member of the AAAS Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, to investigate methods to quantify the abuses against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo that were being reported by numerous human rights organizations. While visiting the border between Albania and Kosovo, we discovered that the Albanian guards there were maintaining a registry of all the Kosovar refugees crossing the border at that checkpoint. We used this data, along with information from other sources, to create a statistical model of the number of people leaving each village in Kosovo over time. Results of this study were published in 1999 as Policy or Panic? The Flight of Ethnic Albanians from Kosovo, March-May 1999
Chronology Of The Balkan Peace Process
Nasa Borba reports that the rump Yugoslav government has proposed The rump Yugoslav government votes to lift sanctions against the Republika Srpska.
http://archive.tol.cz/BalkanPeace/Chronology/Chron.V02N06.html

Extractions: with the Balkan peace effort and the implementation of the Dayton Accord 19 February Momcilo Krajisnik, president of the self-styled Bosnian Serb parliament, says that ³the Serbs will make the release of General [Djordje] Djukic and Colonel [Aleksa] Krsmanovic a condition for any future cooperation with the international community.² Djukic and Krsmanovic were arrested by Bosnian government forces on 30 January and sent to The Hague for questioning by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia on 12 February. The deputy Bosnian Serb army commander, General Zdravko Tolimir, fails to show up for a meeting with Implementation Force (IFOR) and Muslim and Croatian military representatives aboard the U.S. aircraft carrier USS George Washington . IFOR says his boycott violates the Dayton and Rome agreements. IFOR issues a ³wanted poster² with poor-quality photographs of 17 suspected war criminals and cursory descriptions of 35 others. French IFOR troops seize a Bosnian Serb arms cache near Sarajevo.
NATO & Kosovo: Kosovo One Year On - Background To The Crisis
It is clear the Yugoslav government never seriously sought a negotiated peace at Rambouillet. Even while the discussions continued, the Yugoslav military
http://www.nato.int/kosovo/repo2000/backgrou.htm

Extractions: Updated: 18-Jan-2001 Kosovo one year on When NATO launched its air campaign, the situation in Kosovo was one of rising ethnic violence, suppression of democracy, a breakdown of law and order, systematic human rights abuses by the ruling authorities, and a refusal by the Belgrade government to seek, or accept, a political solution. At the same time, there was evidence that the government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was planning to escalate its campaign of repression. The international community could see a humanitarian disaster looming. Reluctantly, NATO decided to use force. The conditions leading to this crisis were both long and short-term. The Balkans, on the historical fault-line between Ottoman and European cultures and religions, have long been a troubled area. Centuries of tension were followed by decades of authoritarian rule under President Tito, which suppressed, but did not find solutions to, these underlying tensions. In Kosovo, the seeds of tragedy can be traced to the rise to power of Slobodan Milosovic, his now infamous speech at Kosovo Polje in 1987, and the revocation in 1989 of the autonomous status of the province, bringing it under the direct control of the government in Belgrade. In the years that followed, the majority population of Kosovo were progressively denied the right to govern their own affairs, to earn a living for themselves, to have access to the legal and judicial system, and to be able to educate their children in their own language and culture.
Human Rights Internet - The Human Rights Databank
The Yugoslav government on 23 June adopted the decree, which formalizes full The government contends that international covenants trump Yugoslav law in
http://www.hri.ca/doccentre/docs/Milosevic.shtml

Extractions: By Alexandra Poolos Lawyers for Slobodan Milosevic say they will go to a high court today to challenge a government decree enabling the former Yugoslav leader to be sent to the UN war crimes tribunal in as soon as 10 days. Milosevic's lawyers say they will demand that the Constitutional Court put the decree on hold until it rules on its legality. The Yugoslav government on 23 June adopted the decree, which formalizes "full cooperation" with The Hague-based tribunal, and addresses the issue of extradition. Prague, 25 June 2001 (RFE/RL) This weekend the Yugoslav cabinet approved a decree that potentially opens the way for Slobodan Milosevic's extradition to the UN war crimes tribunal at The Hague. The degree is the result of a long internal debate and a U.S. threat to boycott a conference of aid donors slated to begin this Friday in Brussels. The ruling gives authority to transfer all individuals from the Yugoslav republics of Serbia and Montenegro to The Hague tribunal and makes clear that suspects need not be tried first in local courts. Milosevic, who has been imprisoned in Serbia on corruption charges, is wanted in The Hague for charges of crimes against humanity for the crackdown carried out by security forces in Kosovo against ethnic Albanians in 1999. Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic and other officials have signaled that they expect his extradition to occur within three weeks after the appeals process is exhausted.
Call For Action
However, the organization remains concerned the Yugoslav government has not announced that it will provide for a genuine civilian alternative to military
http://bocs.hu/beke/felhivas-a.htm

Extractions: Amnesty International today welcomed the provisions of the Amnesty bill - approved yesterday by the parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - which include an amnesty for conscientious objectors to military service in the Yugoslav Army. The main provisions of the law apply to an estimated 24,000 men, including conscientious objectors and deserters who refused to take part in the conflicts in former Yugoslavia. The bill covers those who refused to take up arms, those who avoided military service or registration for service and those who deserted from the Yugoslav Army. "Over the last decade we have supported the rights of the many young men who chose to conscientiously object to military service," said an Amnesty International spokesperson. "We know of many conscientious objectors who were forced to flee abroad and who will now be able to return to their country without fear of persecution." However, the organization remains concerned the Yugoslav government has not announced that it will provide for a genuine civilian alternative to military service which meets international standards, and urges the government to make this issue a priority. The organization also remains concerned as to whether reservists and others given amnesty under this act will be called up for military service at a future date.
Islam Online- News Section
Yugoslav Telecommunication Minister Boris Tadic said the government was There is no doubt that the DOS has majority in the Yugoslav government,
http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2001-06/22/article16.shtml

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Balkan Peace Team Report, October 1999
They also stated that the war between the Yugoslav government and the Kosovar Albanians was considered internal and therefore, international conventions
http://www.peacebrigades.org/bpt/bpt99-09.html

Extractions: 3. Political Update I. WORK OF THE TEAM Trip to Belgrade During early September one team member paid a brief three-day visit to Belgrade, the first of what the team hopes will be regular visits to Serbia. Due to the damage caused by the NATO bombing campaign it; is currently not possible to travel directly by train from Budapest to Belgrade. The rail service now terminates at Novi Sad where travelers have to transfer to coaches to complete the journey to Belgrade by road. No problems were experienced crossing the border into Serbia from Hungary, but there was a long delay as customs and passport officials checked everybody's papers and documents. While in Belgrade it was good to see familiar faces and to reconnect with student activists and local organizations such as Women in Black (WIB). It was heartening to see that the WIB office was as hectic as ever, with people coming and going throughout the day. While visiting Women in Black, BPT met with the two Brethren Volunteer Service (BVS) volunteers currently working with WIB. Daily life in Belgrade's city center appeared, at least superficially, to be unaffected by the recent war. People were going around doing their shopping or relaxing in the city's many cafes and bars. However, one does get the feeling that there are many problems just below the surface. For example, the upcoming winter is causing a lot of fear among people. Will there be enough food? Will electricity and heating be reliable? When will I be paid next? These are the questions that many people are asking and are a source of much concern.
WashingtonPost.com: Balkans Report -- Overview
The Yugoslav government forces are mostly ethnic Serbs. But the Yugoslav government led by President Slobodan Milosevic, a hardline Serb nationalist
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/balkans/overview/overview.ht

Extractions: A: The United States has long been concerned that violence in Yugoslavia would spill across borders, possibly leading to war between two NATO allies, Greece and Turkey. World War I had roots in Balkan violence; World War II was inflamed by ethnic slaughter there. In recent months, the United States and its European allies have said forcefully that they want Serbian atrocities against Kosovo's civilian population to stop. Q: How is the Kosovo conflict related to Bosnia? A: Bosnia was part of Yugoslavia until 1992 when it declared independence. But ethnic Serbs in Bosnia wanted to remain part of Yugoslavia. The Milosevic government in Belgrade encouraged the ethnic Serbs in Bosnia to fight Muslims and Croats. The war claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, many the result of "ethnic cleansing" carried out by ethnic Serbian paramilitary forces loyal to Milosevic. U.S. officials say they do not want what happened in Bosnia to occur again in Kosovo. Meanwhile, about 20,000 NATO troops are keeping the peace in Bosnia under the 1995 Dayton accords. Some fear those NATO troops could be dragged into the Kosovo conflict.
Infoshop.org News Kiosk - The Empire's New Clothes - NATO's War In Yugoslavia (1
She did not work for the Yugoslav government. If the soiled blue notebook we found outside the destroyed sanatorium where she was a patient is an indication
http://www.infoshop.org/news5/nato1.html

Extractions: May 19, 2000 Article from 'Free Earth' giving an anarchist Analysis of NATO's war in ex-Yugoslavia "N.A.T.O. was set up to act against the Eastern Bloc, with the fall of communism it seemed it had no purpose but N.A.T.O. now has a new mission, to act for Western values and to protect human rights and to act against ethnic cleansing and anti-democratic practise" - Adam Bolton, Sky News political editor live from the N.A.T.O. 50th anniversary celebration. During the 78 day bombing of Yugoslavia, N.A.T.O. and it's unofficial spokespeople in the media made a great fuss about only aiming at 'military targets', and thus not harming civilians, now lets for the sake of argument accept their distinction between legitimate target - a conscript and illegitamate target - a civilian, and consider just how often our everyday life takes us into military targets. In June I had to pay a visit to Roscommon, which is the opposite end of Ireland from where I live. Walking down to the bus stop I pass a railway station - a military target and a University - a military target (footnote 1). Then the bus gets out on to the motorway - a military target. Nothing of note on the journey (at least as far as I know) until I reach Athlone which, with it's army barracks, regional hospital, government bunker, railway station and communications tower not to mention it's bridges over the Shannon could be said to be one big military target. Of course had I gone into Dublin to get the train to Roscommon I would have passed even more military targets.
SECURITY COUNCIL, IN PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENT, CONDEMNS VIOLENCE BY ETHNIC ALBANIA
encouraged by the ongoing dialogue between NATO and the Yugoslav government. Swift implementation of the plan by the Yugoslav government to achieve a
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/sc7026.doc.htm

Extractions: The Council expressed support for actions taken by the Government of the former Yugoslav Republic to address the violence with an appropriate level of restraint, and to preserve political stability and foster harmony between all ethnic components of its population. Steps taken by the international security presence KFOR to control the border between the Kosovo region and the former Yugoslav Republic were welcomed, as was ongoing dialogue between KFOR and the former Yugoslav Republic on practical steps to address the immediate security situation and to prevent extremists from crossing the border. He warned that the Tanusevci incident was not only about the village or the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, but about the transformation of the Balkans into a peaceful, stable, democratic and prosperous European region. The current situation was a serious test for the international community. In order to be effective, Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) must be fully implemented. KFOR must act according to its basic mandate to prevent spillover effects and to secure the northern border of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia from the Kosovo side.

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