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Xhosa Indigenous Peoples Africa: more detail

Is the Kafir population in Natal alien or aboriginal: A brief inquiry by John Bird, 1890
The House of Phalo: History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence by J.B. Peires, 2003-10-31
Warrior Chiefs of Southern Africa: Shaka of the Zulu. Moshoeshoe of the Basotho, Mzilikazi of the Matabele, Maqoma of the Xhosa (Heroes & Warriors) by Ian J. Knight, 1995-03
Beachcombers of the African jungle by Jack Sholomir, 1958
Interactive (Umhlangano) management (Global research monograph series) by Jay Nathan, 1998

lists with details

HREOC Website - Bringing Them Home - Text Only Version
with the Khoikhoi and San, indigenous people living in South africa. Most indigenous communities, such as the Zulus and xhosa, were removed from
http://www.hreoc.gov.au/bth/text_versions/map/international/south_africa.html

Extractions: BTH Home BTH Text-Only Home About the Inquiry Track the History ... South Africa Bringing them home - Chart Developments in Other Countries South Africa In , Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company arrived at the Cape of Good Hope after receiving instructions to set up an outpost en route to Asia for trade. Although privately owned, the Dutch East India Company was given authority by the Dutch Government to colonise territories and enslave the Indigenous people as workers. Initially, the Dutch established good relations with the Khoikhoi and San, Indigenous people living in South Africa. Most of the settlers were simply traders, so they never built permanent settlements. Even so, many of the Khoikhoi and San were used as cheap labour, in addition to slaves brought over from India and West Africa. The most immediate result of this settlement was disease and dispossession. The Europeans brought new diseases, such as smallpox and measles, to the Cape causing the deaths of many Indigenous people. Those that remained were enslaved to work as cheap labour. The growing European population also demanded more land for agriculture and development. By the early 1700s , the Khoikhoi had lost most of their land to the Boer settlers.
IZIKO
indigenous HunterGatherers And Herders In Southern africa Red ochre was widely used among xhosa-speaking people to signify group identity,
http://www.museums.org.za/sh/exhib_sam.html

Extractions: Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Back to Social history exhibitions This exhibition presents a visual experience of the richly detailed knowledge and beliefs about the spirit world, rain-making and healing that inspired the paintings and engravings. The story is told from the perspective of the San people whose ancestors created most of the art. The word /Qe describes the power associated with God and the supernatural in N/u, a San language of the Northern Cape spoken by fewer than 20 people today. It was suggested for this exhibition by /Una /Khasi-Rooi, her sister Antje /Khasi and other members of the N/u community. Most of the quotations that illuminate the meaning of the rock art in the exhibition are in /Xam, a San language closely related to N/u but no longer spoken.
Textile Skirt [South Africa; Xhosa People] (1993.373) | Object Page | Timeline O
South africa; xhosa people Cotton, glass beads, buttons, ocher; In earlier times, missionaries insisted that converts to Christianity abandon indigenous
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/11/sfs/hod_1993.373.htm

Extractions: Beadwork has been a major form of aesthetic expression in southern Africa for nearly 200 years. Among the many diverse ethnic groups of the region, the Xhosa peoples have an especially rich tradition of beaded regalia. This elegant textile skirt, also known as an isikhakha or imibhaco Beadwork traditions in southern Africa have undergone rapid changes in the last 150 years. When glass beads were first imported in small numbers to the region from Europe during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, they remained the exclusive domain of the ruling elite and a mark of their prestigious status. By the end of the nineteenth century, this region was the world's largest consumer of beads exported from Europe. Subsequently, the number and type of ornaments fashioned from beads increased significantly. Beadwork was, and remains, a women's art form. While beaded garments and items were used differently by various ethnic groups, in each society they played a key role in communicating aspects of the wearer's identity. Social and marital status, number of children, and a person's home region and ethnic subgroup were, and often still are, communicated through items of dress. Traditional dress is still valued and worn as a sign of respect to the ancestors. In earlier times, missionaries insisted that converts to Christianity abandon indigenous fashions, so those who maintained it could easily be distinguished from converts. Traditionalists were often given a special name. The Xhosa term for traditionalist was
Encyclopedia: South Africa/People
from the earliest settlers, their slaves, and the indigenous peoples. Most Asians descend from Indian workers brought to South africa in the
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/South-Africa/People

Extractions: Related Articles People who viewed "South Africa/People" also viewed: Demographics of South Africa Demographics of Monaco South African History of South Africa ... Africa What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Main Page ZGMF_X20A Strike Freedom Gundam Yeovil Town F.C. Yalta Conference ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Updated 225 days 4 hours 19 minutes ago. Other descriptions of South Africa/People Until South African law divided the population into four major racial categories: blacks (African), whites, coloureds, and Asians. Although this law has been abolished, many South Africans still view themselves and each other according to these categories. Black Africans comprise about 79% of the population and are divided into a number of different ethnic groups. Whites comprise about 10% of the population. They are primarily descendants of Dutch French English , and German settlers who began arriving at the Cape in the late 17th century. There is a
Bookbird South Africa
South africa is rich in the oral literature of its indigenous peoples. Little written children s literature by authors resident in the country was published
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3830/is_199804/ai_n8794766
A Dialog On Xhosa Cattle-killng, "mfecane" And History
European diaspora used for dispossessing indigenous peoples was a claim that 18001830 the Mfecane Reconsidered, Journal of African History 33
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/37a/015.html

Extractions: Subject: Xhosa cattle-killing Hi Leendert, I would like to debate a bit with several aspects of your post responding to Thami Madinane. On history, you and others interested in the Xhosa cattle-killing should look to the works of Jeff Peires. His book, The Dead Will Arise The House of Phalo provides background on Xhosa history and culture, as well as on the effects of interactions with white colonizers (directly for close to a century, indirectly for longer) on Xhosa society. For those who want the short version, Peires published two articles on the event in the Journal of African History The Structure of Scientific Revolutions This is too long; will take up the "mfecane" on a separate post. Sala kahle, Hi Leendert, Here is part two. You wrote: In the North, Chaka had united the Zulu tribes and, according to current opinion, probably due mostly to population pressures, launched (in the 1820's) the Difaqane (Mfecane), a war of extermination that destroyed most of the Northern half of the present day South Africa, and initiated large scale migrations. Why is land with 12,000 Africans "destroyed" or "empty," but counts as filled by half as many whites? But in any case research by John Wright of the University of Natal shows that shows that claims of the sort made by Fynn were self-serving distortions.
About SA - History
South africa is rich in fossil evidence of the evolutionary history of the They were convinced that indigenous peoples could be fully assimilated into
http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/history.htm

Extractions: About SA History Communications Economy Education ... About SA There seems to be general agreement among scholars that humankind had its earliest origins in Africa. South Africa is rich in fossil evidence of the evolutionary history of the human family, going back several million years. The discovery of the skull of a Taung child in 1924; recent discoveries of hominid fossils at Sterkfontein caves , recently declared a World Heritage Site ; and the ground-breaking work done at Blombos Cave in the southern Cape, have all put South Africa at the forefront of palaeontological research into the origins of humanity. Modern humans have lived in the region for over 100 000 years. The small, mobile bands of Stone Age hunter-gatherers, who created a wealth of rock art, were the ancestors of the
"Bob Marley Said
The oppression of the indigenous people of South africa began with the 12) The British also quickly expelled the xhosa and set up military posts to
http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/kenny.html

Extractions: THE DREAD LIBRARY The Matrix Rhetoric of Reggae Music Reggae Links Dread Library Catalog REACTIONS TO OPPRESSION: JAMAICA AND SOUTH AFRICA Erin Kenny "Bob Marley said How long shall they kill our prophets While we stand aside and look Little did he know that eventually The enemy will stand aside and look While we slash and kill our own brothers Knowing that already they are the victims of the situation" Victims th century. (Lapping, p. 12) The British also quickly expelled the Xhosa and set up military posts to prevent their return. (Lapping, p. 10) The British began to oppressed those of color and forced them to work for the Afrikaners or for them In the beginning of the 20 th century, South Africa united the British and Afrikaner ruled colonies under on central government. Those who paid the price were the blacks. The British had extended some votes to the blacks but the Afrikaners reserved voting for only the whites. The New Union government of South Africa, a product of the Boer War and Jan Smuts arguing for self-government, set about extending policies into a nationwide system of segregation. Its first step was The Native Lands Act and this the first challenge faced by the ANC. (Lapping, p. 53) At the same time as the formation of the ANC, the Afrikaners were forming their own political party, the National Party. The party was headed by J.B.M. Hertzog. (Lapping, p. 38) In the 17 th century, rising European powers challenged the Spanish hegemony in the Caribbean. The British were the most successful at seizing Jamaica, especially since they had North America and other Caribbean islands. The British began bringing slaves from West Africa since they dominated the slave market. These slaves were to do heavy work on the sugar plantations. The slave and sugar trade brought the planters in Jamaica and the English slavers enormous wealth. This ordeal was very appalling for the slaves. Many did not survive the journey and a large number were severely weakened when they reached Kingston. The work was extremely hard and the regime on most of the plantations was merciless. The slaves were kept down by corporal punishment. Death or amputation was not uncommon either. (Bayer, p 10-12)
AXIS GALLERY / STORE / OUT-OF-PRINT, USED & HARD-TO-FIND BOOKS
NOTES Excellent and succinct history of the peoples of South africa TITLE The House of Phalo A History of the xhosa People in the Days of Their
http://www.axisgallery.com/store/store-bop.html

Extractions: Axis Gallery recommends the following books for a comprehensive library on South African arts. While we attempts to keep them in stock, price and availability vary, so please inquire before ordering. Other out-of-print and rare books pertaining to southern African art are available from time to time. Please register your want list with us, and we will try to assist in completing your library. NOTES: Includes essential biographies of artists participating in this seminal exhibition, which signaled South Africa's return to the international art arena after the years of isolation during the anti-Apartheid boycott. Several critical essays by leading writers. 303 pages, full color throughout. Web Reference #: BOP7
South Africa: Map, History And Much More From Answers.com
People of african descent fall into several groups, based on their first The San (Bushmen) are among the oldest indigenous peoples of South africa.
http://www.answers.com/topic/south-africa

Extractions: showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Government ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Map Local Time Geography Dialing Code Currency Stats Anthem Recipes WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping South Africa Dictionary (Click to enlarge) South Africa (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) South Africa A country of southern Africa on the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Originally inhabited by the San and Khoikhoin, the region was settled by various Bantu peoples c. 1500. European settlement began with the Dutch in the mid-17th century. The region passed to Great Britain in 1814 but was hotly contested by descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Boer War (1899â1902), in which Britain took possession of the entire territory, creating the Union of South Africa in 1910. South Africa declared itself a republic in 1961, severed ties with the British Commonwealth, and further consolidated the apartheid system, which was repealed beginning in 1989. An interim constitution ending white rule was adopted in 1993, and the first multiracial elections were held in 1994. Pretoria is the administrative capital; Cape Town, the legislative capital and largest city; and Bloemfontein, the judicial capital. Population: 42,700,000 . South African var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt";
Music Of Africa: Information From Answers.com
african music, the music of the indigenous peoples of africa. SubSaharan african music has as its distinguishing feature a rhythmic complexity.
http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-africa

Extractions: showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping music of Africa Encyclopedia African music, gospel music jazz spiritual Bibliography See A. M. Jones, Studies in African Music (2 vol., 1959); R. Brandel, The Music of Central Africa (1961); F. Warren, The Music of Africa (1970); F. Bebey, African Music (1972); W. Bender, Sweet Mother: Modern African Music var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Wikipedia music of Africa African music Algeria Angola Benin Botswana ... Zimbabwe Other areas Canary Islands Madeira Islands Mayotte R©union Saint Helena Western Sahara Music of North Africa Africa is a large and diverse continent, consisting of dozens of countries, hundreds of languages and thousands of races, tribes and ethnic groups. As such, there is little that can be said that applies to all the music of Africa, as there is no distinctly pan-African tradition of folk or classical music of any kind; the only shared form of musical expression is popular . Nevertheless, there are regional similarities between dissimilar groups, as well as popular trends known across the continent.
Surf Slang,south Africa,surf Lingo,surfrikan,afrikaans,surfing,surf Trips,semant
South African slang is a crazy mixture of languages and cultures. from the Cape Malay people, the Afrikaners and indigenous people, notably the xhosa,
http://www.wavescape.co.za/bot_bar/surfrikan/slang_intro.html

Extractions: Go straight to the dictionary Introduction South African slang is a crazy mixture of languages and cultures. There are influences from the Cape Malay people, the Afrikaners and indigenous people, notably the Xhosa, Zulu and Sotho people. There are 11 official languages. European and Eastern settlers have arrived on our shores over the years since the 1820s, when the first wave of English settlers arrived. People from Holland, France, Java, India, China, Scotland, Ireland, Germany and Italy have helped to create a vast, linguistically disparate, melting pot. Some of the more unsavoury ones do not necessarily represent the South African surfing culture. Some words are outdated. With the advent of the new South Africa, a few have fallen into disuse.However, they are so colourful and weird, we have retained them. Don't kill the messenger! Have we left any out?
MUNDUS: School Of Oriental And African Studies Library:
Reference code(s) GB 0102 CWM/LMS africa Miscellaneous Boxes 1214 died, 1851; admired by the Coloured, Griqua, Sotho and xhosa peoples, he was buried
http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search?coll_id=247&inst_id=4&keyword=Philip | Jo
African History
What connects South africa s Frontier Wars and the xhosa CattleKilling of in South africa has released four new spellcheckers in indigenous languages
http://africanhistory.about.com/

Extractions: zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help African History Homework Help ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); Sign Up Now for the African History newsletter! Originally home to the indigenous San peoples, they were displaced by migrating Tswana in the 17th century. In 1885, under the urging of Cecil Rhodes, the region became the Bechuanaland Protectorate, held by the British against incursions by Boers and Germans. Independence was achieved in 1966. Find out more about Botswana with these resources
Elsevier.com - Frontier Development And Indigenous Peoples
Introduction Frontiers, Planning and indigenous peoplesOren Yiftachel and South africa and the international experience of the frontier phenomenon.
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/librarians/600770

Extractions: Home Site map Regional Sites Advanced Product Search ... Frontier Development and Indigenous Peoples Book information Product description Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view FRONTIER DEVELOPMENT AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES This issue brings together five case studies where development supported by the state has affected the indigenous peoples who are the traditional occupiers. Each study pays particular attention to the role of urban and regional planning in the process of frontier development and its impact on indigenous people. The conclusion is that although the five very different cases share a common experience in which the effects of frontier development on indigenous people has been invariably negative, it is possible to envisage a more enlightened policy in which regional planning embraces standards of human rights.
MSN Encarta - South Africa
and increasingly segregated themselves from indigenous Bantu peoples, Most people who claim no religious affiliation are African traditionalists.
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557321_3/South_Africa.html

Extractions: Search for books and more related to South Africa Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for South Africa Encarta Search Search Encarta about South Africa Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, South Africa ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 3 of 13 Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 33 items Dynamic Map Map of South Africa Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources People Arts ... History H South Africa has a mixed environmental heritage. Its national parks, reserves, and botanical gardens are among the best-managed conservation areas in the world, but there are serious environmental problems too. The most serious environmental threats are uncontrolled livestock grazing, rampant urban development, and surface disturbance and pollution associated with mining. Many problems originated from political and socioeconomic policies associated with the apartheid period that ended in 1994. Overpopulation in the former bantustans , or black homelands, led to intensive settlement, livestock grazing, fuelwood cutting, and overfarming on limited areas of land, which in turn led to soil erosion, land degradation, deforestation, desertification, and
Indigenous Peoples
Their work is primarily with Zulu and xhosa communities that are victims of the Native Americans, Canadian First Nations, and other indigenous peoples,
http://www.isu.edu/~bhstamm/indig.htm

Extractions: Notice 01/07/05 Supporting Tsunami Aid Workers More ProQOL Information Stamm slides from National Forum on Health Disparity Issues for American Indians and Alaska Natives This is a necklace made by Faye Thayer of Ft. Washakee, Wyoming. Faye is Eastern Shoshone. Beads were in prized in Native North America and were in use long before white contact. Archaeological information tells us that beads were in use as far back as history can be extrapolated. Native Beads were generally made of natural materials like wood, bone, shell, and metal. Europeans introduced colorful glass beads. In the Beads were used as currency for global trade rather than paper money. KwaZulu-Natal Programme for Survivors of Violence These are Friends in South Africa. Their work is primarily with Zulu and Xhosa communities that are victims of the Apartheid. The bead was made in Venice, probably in the mid 1700s. This type of bead was widely traded in Africa, hence the common name "African Trade Bead." The Waseskun Network These are First Nations Friends in Canada. Their work is primarily with men who have been in corrections. This is a French Ambassador Bead, given by visiting French traders as a gift of respect to tribal headmen. The most interesting aspect of this bead is that it is made of clear glass. This was a difficult affect to achieve prior to the time of thermostat controlled heat to melt the glass.
History - Study Abroad In South Africa
of a long history of conflict between the settlers and the indigenous people. By the 1870s many of the established African chiefdoms like the xhosa,
http://www.studysa.co.za/about/history.html

Extractions: Photo:Mayibuye Centre ince the earliest prehistoric times, South Africa has been a land of new beginnings. Fossil remains found in the Sterkfontein Caves near Johannesburg suggest that South Africa was the cradle of mankind. Palaeontologists at South African universities have presented conclusive evidence that Australopithecus Africanus, a bipedal hominid who roamed the plains of southern Africa millions of years ago, is a direct human ancestor. Scattered throughout South Africa are caves adorned with some of the world's oldest artworks, some dating back more than years. Depicting the physical and spiritual dimensions of stone age life, they were produced by the San people, part of a diverse group of aboriginal South Africans, known as the Khoisan, who inhabited the subcontinent long before the arrival of Bantu-speaking or European settlers. European mariners first rounded the tip of Africa in the 15th century. The Cape was initially used by the Dutch East India Company as a refreshment station for its ships in the mid-17th century, but later became a permanent Dutch settlement. Besides opening up Southern Africa to the rest of the world, European settlement marked the beginning of a long history of conflict between the settlers and the indigenous people.
Daily News - South Africa's Soul Is Not English
two recent awardwinning films made in Zulu and xhosa, watch some of the indigenous The soul of the people of South africa isn t English-speaking.
http://www.dailynews.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=2452039
MixedFolks.com - The Coloureds Of Southern Africa
The Dutch government forbade enslaving indigenous people of southern africa. with the indigenous people, the Khoikhoi, the San and later the xhosa.
http://www.mixedfolks.com/africa.htm

Extractions: Weldon Arts The Coloureds of Southern Africa All text taken from http://www.grmi.org/~jhanna/obj08.htm Religion: Christianity, Islam Population: 3,730,000 (South Africa); 125,000 (Namibia) Status: 80% Christian, 5% Muslim Location: The mixed-race people called Coloured, about 85% of them live in the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. The Cape Malay people are included in this group, though the Malay as a whole has maintained their Malay identity and features. They are found in Namibia also. In the 19th century, the Griqua Coloured established themselves in a homeland including the town of Kimberly, where gold was first found in South Africa. Griqualand was annexed by the British as a Crown Colony then assigned to the Cape Colony. The Rehoboth community in Namibia, about 80,000 people, are usually classified as Coloureds, but they consider themselves distinct, though of similar origin. There were some mixed offspring of Malay and Dutch, who were called Coloured. The settlers or soldiers also had mixed offspring with the indigenous people, the Khoikhoi, the San and later the Xhosa. An additional contribution to the gene pool were the slaves imported from West Africa. The various other Coloured peoples also intermarried with the Khoikhoi, the indigenous people of the cape, until they have largely been absorbed into the Coloureds. The term Coloured came to be applied to all mixed people. One group of Coloureds escaped to the bush and lived as an African tribe, but became fearsome warriors on horses. These were the Griqua, who are still an Afrikaans-speaking tribe today. (One group of less than 200 Griqua also speak a Khoikhoi language called Xiri.) After the introduction of Indians into South Africa, they contributed to the mix of Coloureds.

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