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Western Sahara Culture: more detail

Sahrawi People: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Nabil Sahraoui, Western Sahara, Spanish Sahara
Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara: Volume 1: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa by Fred Wendorf, Romuald Schild, 2001-11-01
Caravans of the old Sahara;: An introduction to the history of the western Sudan, by E. W Bovill, 1933
SAHARA: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</i> by F. Ghislaine Lydon, 2004
Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara: Volume 2: The Pottery of Nabta Playa by Kit Nelson, 2002-03-31

lists with details

WoYaa!: COUNTRIES/WESTERN SAHARA/HEALTH
western sahara western sahara Economy, culture, Tourism, Government, Travel.Zambia. Angola. Egypt. Kenya. Sudan. Zimbabwe. western sahara. Conngo. Ghana.
http://www.woyaa.com/links/COUNTRIES/WESTERN_SAHARA/HEALTH/
VirtualTourist.com - Sachara's Western Sahara Travel Page
VirtualTourist Traveler, sachara s travels in western sahara. Travel Interests,Archeology, Other Arts and culture, Desert, Other EcoTourism,
http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/5b526/1078/

Extractions: Real Name: ali Lives in: Emmen, NL Birth Date: September 24 Member since: May 16, 2003 Last Login: Sep 27, 2005 06:49 UTC Member's Time: Sep 27, 2005 10:43 CEST VT Rank Deals Rank Unranked External Page: www.ali.waarbenjij.nu Travel Interests: Archeology, Other Arts and Culture, Desert, Other Eco-Tourism, Architecture sachara's Travel Pages
Western Sahara Travel, Western Sahara Tourism, Western Sahara Travel Information
western sahara Adventure, western sahara Art culture. Wildlife in western sahara,western sahara Beach Tour. western sahara Religion, Airline in western
http://www.travellerskey.com/westernsahara.html

Extractions: Western Sahara Travel Information Cities of Western Sahara Western Sahara Hotels Monuments of Western Sahara Wildlife in Western Sahara Hill Stations of Western Sahara Train Travel in Western Sahara Western Sahara Adventure Wildlife in Western Sahara Western Sahara Beach Tour Western Sahara Religion Airline in Western Sahara Western Sahara Spices Photos of Western Sahara Weather of Western Sahara Western Sahara Car Rental Map of Western Sahara
Western Sahara
sahara Occidental western sahara news, history, geography, culture, UN peaceplan. (157K); western sahara Home Page information and issues
http://www.reference.com/Dir/Regional/Africa/Western_Sahara/
Maria Carrión: Bolton In The Western Sahara
The EcoTerror Hoax Domestic Security and the culture of Fear In 1975,Morocco invaded the western sahara following the withdrawal of Spain,
http://www.counterpunch.org/carrion04132005.html

Extractions: home subscribe donate about us ... events Inside the New Print Edition of CounterPunch: Labor's Crisis Questions Labor's Leaders Daren't Ask: Where and Why Did We Go Wrong? by JoAnn Wypijewski; Oil on Ice: How Bush Won ANWR, with an Assist from the Dems by Jeffrey St. Clair; The Self-Rehab of George Kennan by Alexander Cockburn; The State and Terri Schiavo: a Conversation with Ralph Nader; Lisa Frittko: She Escorted Walter Benjamin Across the Pyrennes by Lawrence Reichard. Remember these stories are available exclusively in the print edition of CounterPunch. CounterPunch Online is read by millions of viewers each month! But remember, we are funded solely by the subscribers to the print edition of CounterPunch. Please support this website by buying a subscription to our newsletter, which contains fresh material you won't find anywhere else, or by making a donation for the online edition. Remember contributions are tax-deductible. Click here to make a donation If you find our site useful please: Subscribe Now!
Wayne Madsen: Big Oil And James Baker Target The Western Sahara
The plan that Baker drew up for western sahara (while he was ensconced with his The Bush Vision and the culture of Power. Annie Higgins Six Soldiers
http://www.counterpunch.org/madsen01082003.html

Extractions: home subscribe about us books ... feedback Counter Punch January 8, 2003 By WAYNE MADSEN I n the midst of America's international campaign against terrorism, the Bush administration is permitting Big Oil to legitimize the illegal occupation of an invaded countryWestern Sahara. Formerly known as Spanish Sahara and invaded by Morocco in 1975 (the same year Henry Kissinger acquiesced to Indonesia's invasion and annexation of East Timor and India's annexation of the Himalayan Kigdom of Sikkim)), Western Sahara's occupation by Morocco has neither been recognized by the United Nations nor the Organization of African Unity. The latter actually recognizes the independence of Western Sahara's exiled Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which is headquartered in remote and squalid desert refugee camps on the Algerian side of the Western Sahara-Algeria border. In the New World Order of the Bush family, the Western Saharans have little future. That is because the lifeblood of what it means to be a Bushoilhas been discovered off the coast of Western Sahara. Although Morocco is the illegal occupier of Western Sahara, that did not stop the Oklahoma City-based Kerr McGee Corporation (the company infamously portrayed in the movie "Silkwood") from signing an off-shore exploration deal with Morocco on September 25, 2001, just days after the terrorist attacks on the United States. The timing for Kerr McGee could not have been better.
Search Results For: Western Sahara : Politics : Marketplace : CafePress.com
My World Flag! western sahara Jr. Baby Doll TShirt. $18.99 Add To Cart African-American Heritage culture Wall Clock. $11.99 Add To Cart
http://www.cafepress.com/shop/politics/browse/Ntt-Western Sahara_Nty-1_pp-3_N-0_

Extractions: Start Over In the News Karl Rove Politics of Fear State and Local Politics National Politicians and Cabinet President George W. Bush Anti Bush Pro Bush ... Colin Powell Political Elections 2008 Hillary Clinton Howard Dean John McCain John Kerry ... Socialist US Political Issues Abortion Affirmative Action Animal Rights Bankruptcy ... Women's Rights Military Airforce Army Conscientious Objectors Draft ...
Search Results For: Western Sahara In Cards & Stickers : Politics : Marketplace
(EH) western sahara Bumper Sticker (Oval) International Country abbreviation, . African-American Heritage culture Greeting Card. $11.99 Add To Cart
http://www.cafepress.com/shop/politics/browse/Ntt-Western Sahara_Ne-1160_bt-2_N-

Extractions: Start Over In the News Karl Rove Politics of Fear State and Local Politics National Politicians and Cabinet President George W. Bush Anti Bush Pro Bush ... Colin Powell Political Elections 2008 Hillary Clinton Howard Dean John McCain John Kerry ... Socialist US Political Issues Abortion Affirmative Action Animal Rights Bankruptcy ... Women's Rights Military Airforce Army Conscientious Objectors Draft ...
Trans-Saharan Trade
Ethnic encounter and culture change Joensuu, Finland, 1922 June 1995 There were three basic routes across the sahara the western , leading from
http://www.hf-fak.uib.no/institutter/smi/paj/Masonen.html

Extractions: However, the notion that Africans have always been nothing but passive objects in their encounter with other civilisations, "having no interests to explore the world outside their own home village," is both oversimplified and ahistorical. The establisment and success of regular trans-Saharan trade, for example, was not possible without the active participation of West Africans who understood perfectly well, how to utilize the new opportunities offered by the commercial contacts to the Islamic world. Yet, in the authorized African historiography, this point is usually passed over with few words only. The regular commercial and cultural exchange between Western Africa and the Mediterranean world did not start properly until the 8th century AD. Yet the beginning of trans-Saharan trade was not such a sudden and dramatic event like the coming of Europeans to America, but it had a long history of sporadic encounters for more than 1000 years. When and how the very first contacts took place is still obscure, although their origins can be traced already to the prehistoric times. Archaeologists have, for example, found in southern Mauritania some copper objects of Hispano-Moroccan style, which are dated to the 11th century BC. The reciprocal action between Moroccan and Mauritanian prehistoric inhabitants was possible, for the northern and southern 50 mm isohyets are close together in western Sahara, forming there a kind of natural corridor along which the desert can be crossed.
Western Africa Encyclopædia Britannica
western Africa region lying south of the sahara and east and north of the Menopause western culture (100) The additional psychological effects western
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110760
Sahara Refugees Form A Progressive Society | Csmonitor.com
The saharawis are the Arab nomads of western sahara, bound together by their While most of the top brass are men, the minister of culture is a woman.
http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0326/p04s01-wome.html

Extractions: TINDOUF, ALGERIA A dozen women recline on the steps of the main girls' school in the Saharawi refugee camps, their pastel robes like blots of water-color on the whitewashed cement. When the door opens and the headmistress emerges, the women suddenly leap up and crowd around her, clamoring. They are mothers seeking places for their daughters in the already-crowded school. The Saharawi women are among the most liberated of the Muslim world, and their status is characteristic of the well- organized, egalitarian society that has developed in the refugee camps over the past three decades. For all their bleakness, the Saharawi camps boast a representative government, a 95 percent literacy rate, and a constitution that enshrines religious tolerance and gender equality.
PETITIONERS URGE SECURITY COUNCIL TO CONSIDER WESTERN SAHARA UNDER CHAPTER VII A
Describing the western sahara question as a decolonization issue, Disseminationof the culture of the saharawi people was helping in their struggle.
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/gaspd287.doc.htm

Extractions: Fifty-ninth General Assembly Fourth Committee th Meeting (PM) as fourth committee continues general debate on decolonization The Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization) this afternoon heard 12 petitioners on the situation in Western Sahara , several of whom urged the Security Council to consider the situation under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, in order to enforce compliance with Council resolutions. During the discussion preceding the hearing of petitioners, the Committee heard from the representatives of India Bahrain Fiji and the United Republic of Tanzania. The delegates stressed that, in order to attain the goals of the Second Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism (2001-2010), the situation in the 16 remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories should be approached on a case-by-case basis. The essential tools in that effort were the dissemination of relevant information regarding options for self-determination; United Nations visiting missions to the Territories; and the holding of regional seminars. The administering Powers were urged to cooperate with the Special Committee on Decolonization in the completion of its mandate. The petitioners, representing non-governmental organizations and other supporters of the Saharawi peoples right to self-determination, urged the United Nations to implement the Peace Plan for Western Sahara as proposed by the former Special Envoy of the Secretary-General, James Baker, so that they could exercise their right to self-determination after nearly 30 years of foreign occupation by Morocco.
Western Sahara: UN Plan And Critique
Given the history of the United Nations operation in western sahara over the law enforcement, internal security, social welfare, culture, education,
http://www.africaaction.org/docs01/wsah0106.htm

Extractions: Document reposted by APIC Africa Policy Electronic Distribution List: an information service provided by AFRICA ACTION (incorporating the Africa Policy Information Center, The Africa Fund, and the American Committee on Africa). Find more information for action for Africa at http://www.africapolicy.org +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: North Africa Issue Areas: +political/rights+ +security/peace+ SUMMARY CONTENTS: This posting contains several documents concerning the last unresolved colonial conflict in Africa, namely the occupation of Western Sahara by Morocco. In the latest report on UN action to implement the settlement plan including a referendum the implementation of which has been blocked for four years, James Baker III, the Secretary-General's Personal Envoy for Western Sahara, recommends abandoning the agreed plan for a referendum in favor of new talks aimed at limited autonomy, a proposal reportedly based on Moroccan recommendations. The shift has been vehemently opposed by the Polisario Front and Algeria.
WorldMusic: Re: Sahrawis Of Western Sahara Project
WorldMusic Re Sahrawis of western sahara Project She has created two filmsfocused on Sahrawis culture, Song of Umm Dalaila and Beat of Distant
http://archives.his.com/fa-worldmusic/2003-February/msg00044.html

Extractions: Some of you may know me...Sarah Wolfe, formerly of Alula Records and presently doing project work and booking focused on various cultures from around the world. I want to apologize in advance for the length of this message, but it is all pertinent and I think many of you will find this of interest. I am creating a touring project focused on the Sahrawis people of Western Sahara , due to take place in Fall 2004 . It will incorporate a photo exhibit, film screening and concert tour by the Sahrawis group Mariem Hassan con Leyoad . You may remember Leyoad from WOMEX 1998. They were featured on Nubenegra's 3-CD set entitled "Sahrauis: The Music of the Western Sahara." Their latest CD, entitled "Cantos de las Mujeres Saharuis," was just released late last year on the Nubenegra label (www.nubenegra.com). In addition, Rounder Records will be releasing a CD entitled "Starry Nights in Western Sahara," due out later this year.
Crossroads Of Culture
Crossroads of culture, February 28, 2001 Its northern reaches extend deepinto the western sahara and are sparsely populated save for a few Tuareg camps
http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/mali/

Extractions: Your browser does not support javascript Crossroads of Culture February 28, 2001 Text, Photographs, and Maps by Angela M.H. Schuster For more than 1,000 years, caravans laden with gold, silver, salt, and ivory, plied the trackless sands of the western Sahara. Landlocked, Mali lies at a cultural crossroads where the peoples of the desert, the Fulani and Tuareg meet those of Subsaharan Africa, the Bamana, Dogon Senoufou , and Songhai . Join us as we explore the rich history of this ancient land, home to some of Africa's greatest empires, among them those of Ghana, which flourished between the ninth and eleventh centuries A.D.; Mali, which reached its apogee in the late fourteenth century; and Songhai, which dominated the region between the mid-fifteenth and late sixteenth centuries. Independent since 1960, Mali was formerly part of colonial French Sudan, which also comprised what are now the countries of Senegal and Burkina Faso, the latter formerly known as Upper Volta.
Encyclopedia: Western-Sahara
Main article culture of western sahara western sahara is a moderate Muslimsociety, in which women have broad citizenship rights.
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Western_Sahara

Extractions: What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Spoils system Spiral Island Speed of light Speech communication ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Updated 9 days 21 hours 47 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Western-Sahara The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page Map of Western Sahara Western Sahara (Sahara meaning desert) was one of the Moroccan territories occupied by Spain , similar to the current cases of Ceuta and Melilla in the north. It is bordered by Mauritania on the south and east, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The largest city is El Aaiºn ( Laayoune ), containing the majority of the population. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Take to commons: Image:Map of Western Sahara. ... Take to commons: Image:Map of Western Sahara. ... Ceuta is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, located on the northernmost tip of Maghreb, on the Mediterranean coast near the Strait of Gibraltar. ...
LocalPin - Western Sahara
western sahararelated links from LocalPin. Find links to western sahara in our Society and culture in All western sahara Campaign
http://www.localpin.com/info/en/africa/western_sahara/
Refugees International: Articles: Forgotten People: The Saharawis Of Western Sah
This, in summary, is the plight of the saharawis of western sahara, invaded thewestern sahara and created a new political and social culture.
http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/869/

Extractions: Search: Home About Us Donate Where We Work ... Contact Us Christopher Kramer, a student at the University of Michigan and former RI volunteer, and Joel Charny, Vice President for Policy, collaborated on this Forgotten People report. Chris will return to the Saharawi camps in February and will write a follow-up bulletin for RI. Imagine being torn from your family and your home by a foreign invasion. Imagine living in a refugee camp in one of the harshest desert environments on earth. Imagine having your time in exile extended to an entire generation due to political manipulation by the invader and the ineffectiveness of the political and peacekeeping arms of the United Nations. Imagine, finally, enduring this situation with precious little solidarity and attention from the wider world. This, in summary, is the plight of the Saharawis of Western Sahara, one of the worldâs forgotten people. Why are the Saharawis Forgotten? The problems faced by the Saharawis reflect the difficulty of maintaining international commitment to meeting the basic needs of dependent refugee populations in the face of unresolved political conflicts. Saharawi refugees fled Western Sahara to neighboring Algeria after a Moroccan invasion followed the withdrawal of Spain, the colonial power, in 1975. They have been refugees for about 28 years, and Morocco, which continues to occupy the territory, has stymied repeated efforts by the United Nations to allow the Saharawis to participate in an independence referendum. Saharawis have thus faced the continual dilemma of whether or not to hold out for their right to vote on their political future, a right fully endorsed by a 1975 ruling by the International Court of Justice and subsequent United Nations resolutions. This is a protracted refugee crisis for which there is a clear durable solution: to implement the UN resolutions and allow the self-determination process to go forward.
African Studies Center | Western Sahara Page
The western sahara Project Archaeology, culture Environmental Change.The western sahara Project aims to further our understanding of the human past and
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/W_Sahara.html

Extractions: Western Sahara Page Western Sahara: The self determination process of the former Spanish Sahara (Emmanuel Martinoli) Information about the decolonization process of W. Sahara, UN referendum, human rights violations, the situation of the Saharawi refugees in Algeria; besides historical, ethnological, geographical, and political background. This site is supported by ARSO (Association de soutien a un Referendum libre et regulier au Sahara Occidental) ARSO is a non-governmental and an independant organization, located in Switzerland with local groups in some European countries and USA.
UNBSJ Ward Chipman Library Western Sahara Resources
Organizations and Interested Parties, Society and culture, Territorial Claims Increased resistance in western sahara hits Moroccan regime,
http://www.unbsj.ca/library/subject/sahara.htm

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