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Tonga Geography: more detail

A history and geography of Tonga by Alfred Harold Wood, 1972
Tonga by Martin Daly, 1999-05-01
Tonga: Tonga. History of Tonga, Politics of Tonga, Economy of Tonga, Demographics of Tonga, Culture of Tonga, Sport in Tonga, Outline of Tonga, Music of Tonga, Geography of Tonga, Tongan language
Geography of Tonga: Landforms of Tonga, Natural Disasters in Tonga, Settlements in Tonga, Subdivisions of Tonga, Nukualofa
Tonga Geography Introduction: eua, Vavau, Ha'afeva, Kolonga, Nukuleka, Nomuka, Haapai, Fonualei, Kao, Kolovai, Hihifo, Late, Vaipoa, Taunga
The geography of Tonga: A study of environment, people and change by E. A Crane, 1979
Geography of Tonga by T. F Kennedy, 1957
A History and Geography of Tonga
The four waves of papalangis on the shores of Tonga by Michael F Starkweather, 1974
Tonga: Webster's Timeline History, 1300BC - 2007 by Icon Group International, 2010-03-10
An Account of the Natives of the Tonga Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean: With an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Compiled and arranged ... years resident of those islands. Volume 2 by William Mariner John Martin, 2001-03-11
The Tonga Book by Paul W. Dale, 2006-04-30
Raoul Island: Kermadec Islands, 'Ata, Tonga, New Zealand, North Island, Dacite, Nugent Island

lists with details

Tonga Geography 2000 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resourc
tonga geography 2000 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics,
http://www.photius.com/wfb2000/es/tonga/tonga_geography.html
CIA WORLD FACTBOOK 1995 Via The Libraries Of The University Of Missouri-St. Loui
Match 238 DB Rec 7690 Dataset-WOFACT Title Tonga Text tonga geographyLocation Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of
http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps35389/1995/wf950237.htm

Extractions: The World Factbook IN National Trade Data Bank: The Export Connection (disk 2 of a 2 disk set), January, 1996, United States Department of Commerce ( http://www.doc.gov/ ),Economics and Statistics Administration ( http://www.doc.gov/resources/ESA_info.html SuDoc No: C1.88:996/2/v.2 This publication is also available online from the CIA ( http://www.odci.gov/cia ) as 1995 World Factbook http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/index.html The printed version of this item can be found under the title:
CIA WORLD FACTBOOK 1992 Via The Libraries Of The Univ. Of Missouri
Annually ID number CI WOFACT 235 Title Vital Statistics TONGA Data type 1993 Date of record01/22/1993 Country TONGA Text tonga geography
http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps35389/1992/wf930240.txt
Tonga
Geography. Situated east of the Fiji Islands in the South Pacific, Tonga (alsocalled Atlas Tonga Facts on Tonga flags, maps, geography, history,
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108042.html

Extractions: World Countries Infoplease Atlas: Tonga Kingdom of Tonga Sovereign: King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV (1965) Prime Minister: Prince Lavaka Ata Ulukalala (2000) Area: 289 sq mi (748 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 112,422 (growth rate: 2.0%); birth rate: 25.2/1000; infant mortality rate: 12.6/1000; life expectancy: 69.5; density per sq mi: 389 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Nuku'alofa, 24,500 Monetary unit: Pa'anga Languages: Tongan (an Austronesian language), English Ethnicity/race: Polynesian, European (about 300) Religion: Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Literacy rate: 99% (1996 est.)
1Up Travel : Tonga Geography And Facts
Travel portal offers the countrys geography. Includes details on topography,location, terrain, map references, area, land boundaries, climate,
http://www.1uptravel.com/geography/tonga.html

Extractions: Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military
Country Information - CountryReports.org
Water Area 30 sq km Highest Point unnamed location on Kao Island 1033 m LowestPoint Pacific Ocean 0 m » Additional tonga geography Information
http://www.countryreports.org/country.aspx?countryid=240&countryName=Tonga
I'm Shortly Going To Be Traveling To Fiji. Any Information About Fiji On The Int
Fiji Geography Location Oceania, 313 004 235 (USState-Depart) tonga Geography Location O 326 013 128 (world-factbook9) tonga geography
http://www.savetz.com/yic/YIC07FI_30.html

Extractions: Your Internet Consultant - The FAQs of Life Online This seems like a good question for WAIS, so let's search for keywords country geographic political. Here's the top few matches: # Score Source Title Lines 001: [1000] (directory-of-se) world-factbook93 30 002: [ 667] (directory-of-se) USFWS_Region_9_Info_Res_Mgt_Data_Admin 147 003: [ 556] (directory-of-se) US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories 88 004: [ 500] (directory-of-se) Health-Security-Act 296 Okay, both #1 and #3 look likely, so I'll u (use) them both, then search for the specific country I have in mind, Fiji. The results follow. Source #2 and #3 look ideal. A closer look at each follows. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Fiji ============================================================ Fiji - Consular Information Sheet July 9, 1993 Country Description: Fiji recently returned to parliamentary government in elections of May 1992. It has a developing economy. Tourist facilities are available. Immigration Requirements: Passport, proof of sufficient funds and an onward/return ticket are required. A tourist visa is issued upon arrival for an initial stay of up to four months. The tourist permit may be extended upon application to the Fiji Immigration Department headquarters in Suva to allow a total stay of six months. A visa is required for those entering Fiji to work, study or reside. Information on specific requirements is available through the Embassy of Fiji, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., No. 240, Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 337-8320 or the Fiji Mission to the U.N., New United Nations Plaza, 26th Floor, New York, NY 10017, telephone (212) 355-7316.
TONGA Geography Population Map City And Cities Coordinates Location
Geographical database, places and cities in the whole world.
http://www.tageo.com/index-e-tn.htm
VAVA`U TONGA Geography Population Map City And Cities Coordinates Location
Geographical database, places and cities in the whole world.
http://www.tageo.com/index-e-tn-v-03.htm
Geography Tonga, Tonga
Geography Tonga. Tonga (06/05). GEOGRAPHY Geography Read More Tuvalu (05/05).GEOGRAPHY Read More Background Notes Archive East Asia and
http://creekin.net/k18046-n184-geography-tonga-tonga.html

Extractions: U.S. Department of StateBackground Notes: Western Samoa, June 1996Bureau of East Asian and Pacific AffairsPrepared and released by the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs,Office of Pacific Island AffairsJune 1996Official Name: Independent State of Western SamoaPROFILEGeographyArea: 2,934 sq. km. (1,133 sq. mi.), about the size of Rhode Island.Cities: CapitalApia (pop. 35,000).Terrain: MountainousClimate: Tropical.PeopleNationality: Noun and adjectiveWestern Samoan(s).Population (19991: 161,000.Annual growth rate (1986-91): 0.5%.Ethnic groups: Samoan, European-Samoan, Chinese-Samoan.Religion: Christian.Languages: Samoan, English.Education: Years compulsoryages 5-14. Elementary school attendance85%. Literacy70%.Health: Infant mortality rate19/1,000 live births. Life expectancy64 yrs.Work force: Agriculture90%.GovernmentType: Parliamentary democracy.Independence: January 1,1962.Constitution: January 1, 1962.Branches: Executivehead of state. Legislative ... [ Read More
Bureau Of East Asian And Pacific Affairs January 2005 Background
PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME Kingdom of tonga geography Area 747 sq. km. (288 sq.mi.). GEOGRAPHY Tonga is an archipelago directly south of Western Samoa.
http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/BNOTES_1319/$fi

Extractions: Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs January 2005 Background Note: Tonga Tonga flag is red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner. PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Kingdom of Tonga Geography Area: 747 sq. km. (288 sq. mi.). Cities: CapitalNuku'alofa (pop. 34,000). Terrain: 169 islands, mainly raised coral but some volcanic. Climate: Tropical, modified by trade winds. Warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December). People Nationality: Noun and adjectiveTongan(s). Population (2002 est.): 106,137. Annual growth rate (2002 est.): 1.85%. Ethnic groups: Tongan 98%, other Polynesian, European. Religions: Wesleyan Methodist, Anglican, Roman Catholic, Seventh-day Adventist, Mormon. Languages: Tongan, English. Education: Literacy (2001 est.)98.5%. Health: Infant mortality rate (2002 est.)13.72/1,000. Life expectancy at birth68.56 yrs.: female71.11 years; male66.13 years. Work force (1997 est.) 33,908: Agriculture65%. Unemployment (1996 est.): 13.3%. Government Type: Constitutional hereditary monarchy. Constitution: 1875 (revised 1970). Independence: June 4, 1970. Branches: ExecutivePrime Minister and Cabinet appointed by the King. Legislativeunicameral Legislative Assembly. JudicialCourt of Appeals (Privy Council), Supreme Court, Land Court, Magistrates' Court. Administrative subdivisions: Three main island groupsHa'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u. Political parties: None. Suffrage: Universal at age 21. Central government budget (2003 est.): $75.2 million. Economy GDP (2000 est.): $225 million. Per capita GDP: $2,200. GDP real growth rate (2000 est.): 5.3%. Natural resources: Fish. Agriculture (30% of GDP): ProductsSquash, coconuts, copra (dried coconut meat); bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper, fish. Industry: 10% of GNP. Services: 60% of GDP. Trade (2000 est.): Exports$9.3 million; squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops. Major export marketsJapan, U.S., New Zealand, Australia, Fiji. Imports$70 million; food, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals. Major importersNew Zealand, Japan, Australia, U.S., Fiji. Fiscal year: July 1 to June 30. GEOGRAPHY Tonga is an archipelago directly south of Western Samoa. Its 169 islands, 96 of them inhabited, are divided into three main groupsVava'u, Ha'apai, and Tongatapuand cover an 800-kilometer (500 mi.)-long north-south line. The largest island, Tongatapu, on which the capital city of Nuku'alofa is located, covers 257 square kilometers (99 sq. mi.). Geologically the Tongan islands are of two types: most have a limestone base formed from uplifted coral formations; others consist of limestone overlaying a volcanic base. The climate is basically subtropical with a distinct warm period (December-April), during which the temperatures rise above 32oC (90oF), and a cooler period (May-November), with temperatures rarely rising above 27oC (80oF). The temperature increases from 23oC to 27oC (74oF to 80oF), and the annual rainfall is from 170 to 297 centimeters (67-117 in.) as one moves from Tongatapu in the south to the more northerly islands closer to the Equator. The mean daily humidity is 80%. PEOPLE Almost two-thirds of the population of the Kingdom of Tonga live on its main island, Tongatapu. Although an increasing number of Tongans have moved into the only urban and commercial center, Nuku'alofa, where European and indigenous cultural and living patterns have blended, village life and kinship ties continue to be important throughout the country. Everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith; for example, all commerce and entertainment activities cease from midnight Saturday until midnight Sunday, and the constitution declares the Sabbath to be sacred, forever. Tongans, a Polynesian group with a very small mixture of Melanesian, represent more than 98% of the inhabitants. The rest are European, mixed European, and other Pacific Islanders. There also are several hundred Chinese. Primary education between ages 6 and 14 is compulsory and free in state schools. Mission schools provide about 83% of the primary and 90% of the secondary level education. Higher education includes teacher training, nursing and medical training, a small private university, a women's business college, and a number of private agricultural schools. Most higher education is pursued overseas. HISTORY The word Tonga means "south" in numerous Polynesian languages. Some scholars believe the inhabitants originally came from the islands now known as Samoa. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Tonga islands have been settled since at least 500 B.C., and local traditions have carefully preserved the names of the Tongan sovereign for about 1,000 years. The power of the Tongan monarchy reached its height in the 13th century. At the time, chieftains exercised political influence as far away as Samoa. During the 14th century, the King of Tonga delegated much of his temporal power to a brother while retaining the spiritual authority. Sometime later, this process was repeated by the second royal line, thus resulting in three distinct lines: the Tu'i Tonga with spiritual authority, which is believed to have extended over much of Polynesia; the Tu'i Ha'atakalaua; and the Tu'i Kanokupolu. The latter two had temporal authority for carrying out much of the day-to-day administration of the kingdom. Dutch navigators in 1616 were the first Europeans to sight the Tongan archipelago. The main island of Tongatapu was first visited by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1643. Continual contact with Europeans, however, did not begin until more than 125 years later. Captain James Cook visited the islands in 1773 and 1777 and gave the archipelago the name "the Friendly Islands" because of the gentle nature of the people he encountered. He, of course, was never aware of the acrimonious debate that raged among contending nobles over who should have the honor of attacking Cook's tiny fleet and killing its sailors. In 1789, the famous mutiny on the British ship, Bounty, took place in the waters between the Ha'apai and Nomuka island groups. Shortly after Captain Cook's last visit, warfare broke out in the islands as the three lines of kings contended for dominance. At about the same time, young Tongan nobles serving as mercenaries took Tongan culture to Fiji's most eastern island group, the Laus. The first missionaries, attached to the London Missionary Society, arrived in Tonga in 1747. A second missionary group followed in 1822, led by Walter Lawry of the Wesleyan Missionary Society. They converted Taufa'ahau, one of the claimants to the Tu'i Kanokupolu line, and Christianity began to spread throughout the islands. At the time of his conversion, Taufa'ahau took the name of Siaosi (George) and his consort assumed the name Salote (Charlotte) in honor of King George III and Queen Charlotte of England. In the following years, he united all of the Tongan islands for the first time in recorded history. In 1845, he was formally proclaimed King George Tupou I, and the present dynasty was founded. He established a constitution and a parliamentary government based, in some respects, on the British model. In 1862, he abolished the existing system of semi-serfdom and established an entirely alien system of land tenure. Under this system every male Tongan, upon reaching the age of 16, was entitled to rentfor life and at a nominal feea plot of bushland (api) of 8.25 acres, plus a village allotment of about three-eights of an acre for his home. Tonga concluded a treaty of friendship and protection with the United Kingdom in 1900 and came under British protection. It retained its independence and autonomy, while the United Kingdom agreed to handle its foreign affairs and protect it from external attack. During World War II, in close collaboration with New Zealand, Tonga formed a local defense force of about 2,000 troops that saw action in the Solomon Islands. In addition, New Zealand and U.S. troops were stationed on Tongatapu, which became a staging point for shipping. A new treaty of friendship and protection with the United Kingdom, signed in 1958 and ratified in May 1959, provided for a British Commissioner and consul in Tonga who were responsible to the Governor of Fiji in his capacity as British Chief Commissioner for Tonga. In mid-1965 the British Commissioner and consul became directly responsible to the U.K. Secretary of State for Colonial Affairs. Tonga became fully independent on June 4, 1970, an event officially designated by the King as Tonga's "reentry into the community of nations." GOVERNMENT Tonga is the South Pacific's last Polynesian kingdom. Its executive branch includes the prime minister and the cabinet, which becomes the Privy Council when presided over by the monarch. In intervals between legislative sessions, the Privy Council makes ordinances, which become law if confirmed by the legislature. The unicameral Legislative Assembly is controlled by the royal family and noble families. It consists of nine nobles who are elected by the 33 hereditary nobles of Tonga and nine people's representatives elected by universal adult suffrage for 3-year terms. The Legislature also includes 12 cabinet ministers, appointed by the monarch. The governor of Ha'apai and Vava'u are appointed to their offices and serve as exofficio members of the cabinet. The Legislative Assembly sits for 4 or 5 months a year. Tonga's court system consists of the Court of Appeal (Privy Council), the Supreme Court, the Magistrates' Court, and the Land Court. Judges are appointed by the monarch. The only form of local government is through town and district officials who have been popularly elected since 1965. The town official represents the central government in the villages, the district official has authority over a group of villages. Principal Government Officials MonarchKing Taufa'ahau Tupou IV Prime MinisterPrince Ulukalala Lavaka Ata Minister of Foreign AffairsSonatane Tu'akinamalohi Taumoepeau-Tupou Ambassador to the United StatesMahe Tupouniua, Charge Tonga maintains an embassy at 250 East 51st Street, New York, New York 10022 (tel: 917-369-1136; fax: 917-369-1024). In addition, Tonga has a Consulate General in San Francisco. POLITICAL CONDITIONS For most of the 20th century Tonga was quiet, inward-looking, and somewhat isolated from developments elsewhere in the world. The Tongans, as a whole, continue to cling to many of their old traditions, including a respect for the nobility. Tonga's complex social structure is essentially broken into three tiers: the king, the nobles, and the commoners. Between the king, nobles, and commoners are Matapule, sometimes called "talking chiefs," who are associated with the king or a noble and who may or may not hold estates. Obligations and responsibilities are reciprocal, and although the nobility are able to extract favors from people living on their estates, they likewise must extend favors to their people. Status and rank play a powerful role in personal relationships, even within families. Tongans are beginning to confront the problem of how to preserve their cultural identity and traditions in the wake of the increasing impact of Western technology and culture. Migration and the gradual monetization of the economy have led to the breakdown of the traditional extended family. Some of the poor, supported by the extended family, are now being left without visible means of support. Educational opportunities for young commoners have advanced, and their increasing political awareness has stimulated some dissent against the nobility system. In addition, the rapidly increasing population is already too great to provide the constitutionally mandated 8.25 acre api for each male at age 16. In mid-1982, population density was 134 persons per square kilometer. Because of these factors, there is considerable pressure to move to the Kingdoms only urban center of migrate. In March 2002 election, seven of nine popularly elected representatives were chosen under the pro-democratic banner with the remaining two representing "traditionalist" values. The nine nobles and all the cabinet ministers that sit in the Legislative Assembly generally support the government. Tonga is not a democracy; the people do not have the right to change their government through elections, although they can elect a minority of members of the Legislative Assembly In 2003, a newspaper published in New Zealand in the Tongan language that has been critical of the government was prohibited from distribution in Tonga due to government objections to its political content. After the newspaper obtained two court orders, it has been distributed freely. A Media Operators Bill and constitutional amendment, which would restrict media freedom in Tonga, has been hotly debated in 2003. The legislation will allow the government to exert control over coverage of "cultural" and "moral" issues, ban publications it deems offensive, and ban foreign ownership of the media. In October 2003, thousands of Tongans marched peacefully through the streets of the capital city Nuku'alofa in an unprecedented demonstration against the government's plans to limit media freedom. Despite the protests, the Media Operators Bill and constitutional amendment passed the Legislature and as of December 2003 needed only the King's signature to become law. ECONOMY Tonga's economy is characterized by a large nonmonetary sector and a heavy dependence on remittances from the half of the country's population that lives abroad, chiefly in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Much of the monetary sector of the economy is dominated, if not owned, by the royal family and nobles. This is particularly true of the telecommunications and satellite services. Much of small business, particularly retailing on Tongatapu, is now dominated by recent Chinese immigrants who arrived under a cash-for-passports scheme ended in 1998. The manufacturing sector consists of handicrafts and a few other very smallscale industries, all of which contribute only about 3% of GDP. Commercial business activities also are inconspicuous and, to a large extent, are dominated by the same large trading companies found throughout the South Pacific. In September 1974, the country's first commercial trading bank, the Bank of Tonga, opened. Rural Tongans rely on plantation and subsistence agriculture. Coconuts, vanilla beans, and bananas are the major cash crops. The processing of coconuts into copra and desiccated coconut is the only significant industry. Pigs and poultry are the major types of livestock. Horses are kept for draft purposes, primarily by farmers working their api. More cattle are being raised, and beef imports are declining. Tonga's development plans emphasize a growing private sector, upgrading agricultural productivity, revitalizing the squash and vanilla bean industries, developing tourism, and improving the island's communications and transportation systems. Substantial progress has been made, but much work remains to be done. A small but growing construction sector is developing in response to the inflow of aid monies and remittances from Tongans abroad. The copra industry is plagued by world prices that have been depressed for years. Efforts are being made to discover ways to diversify. One hope is seen in fisheries; tests have shown that sufficient skipjack tuna pass through Tongan waters to support a fishing industry. Another potential development activity is exploitation of forests, which cover 35% of the kingdom's land area but are decreasing as land is cleared. Coconut trees past their prime bearing years also provide a potential source of lumber. The tourist industry is relatively undeveloped; however, the government recognizes that tourism can play a major role in economic development, and efforts are being made to increase this source of revenue. Cruise ships often stop in Nuku'alofa and Vava'u. FOREIGN RELATIONS Tonga, by a further modification of its treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom in July 1970, is responsible for its own external affairs. It maintains cordial relations with most countries and has close relations with its Pacific neighbors. In 1998, it recognized China and broke relations with Taiwan. In 1972, Tonga laid claim to the tide-washed, isolated Minerva Reefs, some 480 kilometers southwest of Nuku'olofa, to forestall efforts by a private Anglo-American group, Ocean Life Research Foundation, to establish an independent Republic of Minerva on the reefs. DEFENSE The Tonga Defense Service (TDS) is a 400-person force. The force is comprised of a headquarters platoon and a light infantry company. A coastal naval unit of four small patrol boats and amphibious landing craft operate as a component of the TDS. The force's mission is to assist in maintenance of public order, to patrol coastal waters and fishing zones, and to engage in civic action and national development projects. The main base of operations is the capital, Nuku'alofa. The TDS is partially supported by defense cooperation agreements with both Australia and New Zealand, which support the TDS with small in-country detachments of military technicians. The United States military provides training to the TDS and conducts humanitarian civic action projects in Tonga. In 2002, TDS soldiers were deployed as part of a multi-national regional peacekeeping force in the Solomon Islands. In June 2004, Tonga sent a unit of 45 troops to Iraq as peacekeepers. U.S.-TONGA RELATIONS The United States and Tonga enjoy close cooperation on a range of international issues. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Tonga and make periodic visits since the United States has no permanent consular or diplomatic offices in Tonga. Peace Corps Volunteers teach and provide technical assistance to Tongans. Tonga has no embassy in Washington, DC, but has a permanent representative to the United Nations in New York who also is accredited as ambassador to the United States. A large number of Tongans reside in the United States, particularly in Utah, California, and Hawaii. There is little trade between the United States and Tonga. In 2001 U.S. exports to Tonga totaled $4.8 million while U.S. imports from Tonga totaled $7.7 million. Principal U.S. Embassy Officials AmbassadorDavid Laurence Lyon Deputy Chief of MissionVacant Political/Economic OfficerEdmond E. Seay III ConsulKirk Lindly Management OfficerJeffery Robertson The U.S. Embassy in Suva, Fiji is located at 31 Loftus Street (P.O. Box 218), Suva (tel. (679) 331-4466, fax (679) 330-2267). TRAVEL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION The U.S. Department of State's Consular Information Program provides Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings, and Public Announcements. Consular Information Sheets exist for all countries and include information on entry requirements, currency regulations, health conditions, areas of instability, crime and security, political disturbances, and the addresses of the U.S. posts in the country. Travel Warnings are issued when the State Department recommends that Americans avoid travel to a certain country. Public Announcements are issued as a means to disseminate information quickly about terrorist threats and other relatively short-term conditions overseas which pose significant risks to the security of American travelers. Free copies of this information are available by calling the Bureau of Consular Affairs at 202-647-5225 or via the fax-on-demand system: 202-647-3000. Consular Information Sheets and Travel Warnings also are available on the Consular Affairs Internet home page: http://travel.state.gov. Consular Affairs Tips for Travelers publication series, which contain information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad are on the internet and hard copies can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, telephone: 202-512-1800; fax 202-512-2250. Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained from the Office of Overseas Citizens Services at (202) 647-5225. For after-hours emergencies, Sundays and holidays, call 202-647-4000. The National Passport Information Center (NPIC) is the U.S. Department of State's single, centralized public contact center for U.S. passport information. Telephone: 1-877-4USA-PPT (1-877-487-2778). Customer service representatives and operators for TDD/TTY are available Monday-Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time, excluding federal holidays. Travelers can check the latest health information with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. A hotline at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) and a web site at http://www.cdc.gov/travel/index.htm give the most recent health advisories, immunization recommendations or requirements, and advice on food and drinking water safety for regions and countries. A booklet entitled Health Information for International Travel (HHS publication number CDC-95-8280) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, tel. (202) 512-1800. Information on travel conditions, visa requirements, currency and customs regulations, legal holidays, and other items of interest to travelers also may be obtained before your departure from a country's embassy and/or consulates in the U.S. (for this country, see "Principal Government Officials" listing in this publication). U.S. citizens who are long-term visitors or traveling in dangerous areas are encouraged to register at the Consular section of the U.S. embassy upon arrival in a country by filling out a short form and sending in a copy of their passports. This may help family members contact you in case of an emergency. Further Electronic Information Department of State Web Site. Available on the Internet at http:// www.state.gov, the Department of State web site provides timely, global access to official U.S. foreign policy information, including Background Notes and daily press briefings along with the directory of key officers of Foreign Service posts and more. Export.gov provides a portal to all export-related assistance and market information offered by the federal government and provides trade leads, free export counseling, help with the export process, and more. STAT-USA/Internet, a service of the U.S. Department of Commerce, provides authoritative economic, business, and international trade information from the Federal government. The site includes current and historical trade-related releases, international market research, trade opportunities, and country analysis and provides access to the National Trade Data Bank. *********************************************************** See http://www.state.gov/r/pa/bgn/ for all Background notes ************************************************************ To change your subscription, go to http://www.state.gov/www/listservs_cms.html
MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Tonga (country)
Geography of tonga geography of Tonga. Geography of Tonga Traditional BarkCloth of Tonga Traditional Bark Cloth of Tonga
http://encarta.msn.com/medias_761564527/Tonga_(country).html

Extractions: Web Search: Encarta Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Multimedia from Encarta Go to the Tonga (country) article Tonga: Flag and Anthem Neiafu, Vavaâu Island, Tonga Geography of Tonga Detailed Map of Tonga People of Tonga Traditional Bark Cloth of Tonga Choral Music of Tonga Economy of Tonga Taufaâahau Tupou IV Â© 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help
World Factbook 2000 [E] - TONGA (by The CIA)
tonga geography. Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean,about twothirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
http://www.authorama.com/world-2000-e-49.html

Extractions: Public Domain Books Background: Location: Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Geographic coordinates: 20 00 S, 175 00 W Map references: Oceania Area: total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km Area - comparative: four times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: km Coastline: 419 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) Terrain: most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m Natural resources: fish, fertile soil Land use: arable land: 24% permanent crops: 43% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 11% other: 16% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment - current issues: deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Tongan Project-Tonga
Geography of Tonga. Tonga is in the Pacific Ocean, it is 20 degrees South and175 degrees West. It lies to the North East of New Zealand and to the South of
http://www.brookvale-p.schools.nsw.edu.au/PROJECTS/tongan/tonga.htm

Extractions: Geography History Climate Main Menu Geography of Tonga Tonga is in the Pacific Ocean, it is 20 degrees South and 175 degrees West. It lies to the North East of New Zealand and to the South of Samoa. There are over 170 islands with more than 100 islands have people living on them and the total area of Tonga is 748 sq. km. The eastern islands are low and were formed by coral reefs and western islands were formed by volcanoes. There are volcanoes on four islands and one of these islands is the Tofua island, it's crater is filled with boiling hot water. There are three main groups of islands - Tongatapu, Haapai and Vavau. Tongatapu the biggest island, it is 32km long and has an area of 256 sq. km. It has about 70% of the population living on it. Most of the island is less than 17 metres above sea level. The Main Towns are Nuku'alofa, Neiafu and Mu'a. Nuku'alofa is the capital of Tonga and the centre of government. Through the islands passes the International Date Line. Tonga's is 13 hours ahead in time of England and will be the first nation to see the new millennium. To the East is the Tonga Trench which is some of the deepest waters in the South Pacific Ocean.
Tonga
Geography Tonga is situated between; latitude 15° and 23.5° South, longitude 173°and 177° West. Tonga consists of three main groups the Tongatapu group in
http://www.hridir.org/countries/tonga/

Extractions: The climate of Tonga is characterized by the contrast between a wet season (December-April) and dry season (May-November). At least some 60-70% of annual rainfall falls during the wet season. Owing to the seasonal proximity of the South Pacific Convergence Zone, the northern islands of Tonga receive more rainfall (approx. 2600 mm year-1) than the southern islands (approx. 1700 mm year-1). The two principal causes of rainfall variation in Tonga are the occurrence of tropical cyclones, which can result in unusually wet periods, and an El Nino event, which can cause prolonged droughts. The Kingdom of Tonga thus has a tropical climate which is well suited to all tropical horticultural crops throughout the year.
Tonga - Info People Map Flag Economy Cities Populaction Government Military
Home Tonga. Select a Link to view description. Tonga Communications Tonga Economy Tonga Flag Tonga GDP tonga geography Tonga Government
http://www.pairgain.com/worldinfo/Description-Tonga.html
Traveljournals.net - Geography Of Tonga
Geography of Tonga. Stories from Tonga Cities and locations Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation
http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/tonga/geography.html

Extractions: territorial sea: 12 NM Climate: tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) Terrain: most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean m
Tonga
Geographynote archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited) Political partiesand leaders Tonga People s Party, Viliami FUKOFUKA
http://www.wifak.uni-wuerzburg.de/fact98/tn.htm
Tonga
Geography. Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, Political parties and leaders Tonga People s Party, Viliami FUKOFUKA
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~williams/states/tn.htm
CIA - The World Factbook -- Tonga
Broad overview of tonga's people, geography, government, economy, communications, transport, military, and international issues.
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tn.html

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