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Somalia History Regional:     more books (38)

Eyes Over Mogadishu by Mike Horan, 2003-12-02 Making and Breaking States in Africa: The Somali Experience. by Ioan M. Lewis by I. M. Lewis, 2010-07-07 Whatever Happened to Somalia? by John Drysdale, 1994-04-01 The Invention of Somalia Somalia Diary: The President of Care Tells One Country's Story of Hope by Philip Johnston, 1994-12 Mending Rips in the Sky: Options for Somali Communities in the 21st Century The Battle of Mogadishu: Firsthand Accounts from the Men of Task Force Ranger Somalia: From the Dawn of Civilization to the Modern Times Gummaadkii Muqdisha v Hargeysa (Somali Edition) by Asha Warsame Hussein, 2000-08-15 Behind the U. S. Invasion of Somalia: Statements of the Workers League by Workers League, 1993-12 Somalia between Jihad and Restoration by Shaul Shay, 2010-08-19 Putting the Cart Before the Horse: Contested Nationalism and the Crisis of the Nation-State in Somalia The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia Somalia: Economy without State (African Issues) by Peter D. Little, 2003-09-01

lists with details

21. The History Of Somalia
    View information on the history of somalia and other world countries. which contributed to a basic split between the regional interests of the former  
    http://www.factrover.com/history/Somalia_history.html
    
    Extractions: Early history traces the development of the Somali people to an Arab sultanate, which was founded in the seventh century A.D. by Koreishite immigrants from Yemen. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese traders landed in present Somali territory and ruled several coastal towns. The sultan of Oman and Zanzibar subsequently took control of these towns and their surrounding territory. Somalia's modern history began in the late l9th century, when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area. The British East India Company's desire for unrestricted harbor facilities led to the conclusion of treaties with the sultan of Tajura as early as 1840. It was not until 1886, however, that the British gained control over northern Somalia through treaties with various Somali chiefs who were guaranteed British protection. British objectives centered on safeguarding trade links to the east and securing local sources of food and provisions for its coaling station in Aden. The boundary between Ethiopia and British Somaliland was established in 1897 through treaty negotiations between British negotiators and King Menelik. During the first two decades of this century, British rule was challenged through persistent attacks led by Mohamed Abdullah. A long series of intermittent engagements and truces ended in 1920 when British warplanes bombed Abdullah's stronghold at Taleex. Although Abdullah was defeated as much by rival Somali factions as by British forces, he was lauded as a popular hero and stands as a major figure of national identity to some Somalis.

22. History Of Somalia
    Provides a history of somalia from the 7th century to the present time. which contributed to a basic split between the regional interests of the former  
    http://www.historyofnations.net/africa/somalia.html
    
    Extractions: Early history traces the development of the Somali people to an Arab sultanate, which was founded in the seventh century A.D. by Koreishite immigrants from Yemen. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese traders landed in present Somali territory and ruled several coastal towns. The sultan of Oman and Zanzibar subsequently took control of these towns and their surrounding territory. Somalia's modern history began in the late l9th century, when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area. The British East India Company's desire for unrestricted harbor facilities led to the conclusion of treaties with the sultan of Tajura as early as 1840. It was not until 1886, however, that the British gained control over northern Somalia through treaties with various Somali chiefs who were guaranteed British protection. British objectives centered on safeguarding trade links to the east and securing local sources of food and provisions for its coaling station in Aden. The boundary between Ethiopia and British Somaliland was established in 1897 through treaty negotiations between British negotiators and King Menelik. During the first two decades of this century, British rule was challenged through persistent attacks led by Mohamed Abdullah. A long series of intermittent engagements and truces ended in 1920 when British warplanes bombed Abdullah's stronghold at Taleex. Although Abdullah was defeated as much by rival Somali factions as by British forces, he was lauded as a popular hero and stands as a major figure of national identity to some Somalis.

23. Chronology Of Digil & Mirifle History Of Somalia
    Firm evidence for the history of the Somali people dates back to only about 1000 Almost all civil servants, local regional administrators of D M were  
    http://arlaadinet.com/D&MHistory/chronology_of_digil.htm
    
    Extractions: Early History Digil and Mirifle clans are the descendants of the two sons of Mad Reewin with the Digil being the elder son and the Mirifle the younger son. The Digil settle around the Banadir the Jubba and the Shabelle regions while the descendants of the Mirifle settle around the central and the western portions of the region. The Mirifle is divided into two main groups the sagaal and the siyeed . The Digil are divided into seven clans known as Todobadii Aw Digil These two groups ( ) are socioculturaly and linguistically different from more nomadic groups of the North. Colonial Period The modern political organization of the interriverine area was founded in 1920s as a philanthropic movement under the name of al Jam'iyyah al Khayriyyah al-Wataniyyah. At that time the HDM had 60,871 members and 800,000 supporters. March 1954 when the first municipal elections based on direct male suffrage were held, there were more than 20 parties competing for 281 seats on municipal councils. The HDM won 57 seats in 15 municipalities coming second to the SYL. In 1956 elections four parties won seats; SYL, HDM, SDM and Marehan Union with 43, 13, 3, and 1 seat respectively. However, HDM representing inter-riverine area received not a single ministerial portfolio.

24. On The Wrong Side Of History In Somalia
    On the wrong side of history in somalia. July 8, 1999 In addition, Eritreahas helped to crush the planned regional administration of Jubbaland,  
    http://www.geocities.com/~dagmawi/NewsJuly99/July8_Somalia.html
    
    Extractions: July 8, 1999 In its eagerness to cause damage to Ethiopia, Eritrea has poured a substantial amount of weaponry and sent its military trainers into Somalia. This intervention is going to backfire and Eritrea will only earn itself a new set of enemies for its efforts. Eritrea’s efforts are counterproductive because it has allied itself with the two Mogadishu warlords (Hussein Aideed Jr. and Ali Mahdi Mohammed) that are widely regarded as the main obstacles to peace in Somalia. A recent laughable article in the Eritrean government-owned paper “Eritrea Profile” quoted extensively from Aideed and gave the impression that he headed the national leadership of Somalia. But the reality is quite different. To review, there are three main political forces in Somalia: 1. The Islamists: – The Islamists are pan-Somali. Their goal is an Islamic republic in Somalia. However, they have gradually lost their main bases in Somalia, and now control only limited areas. 2. The Mogadishu-Centered Warlords: -

25. History Of Somalia: Information From Answers.com
    history of somalia Early history The original settlers of the Somali region were The regime pledged continuance of regional détente in its foreign  
    http://www.answers.com/topic/history-of-somalia
    
    Extractions: showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping History of Somalia Wikipedia History of Somalia The original settlers of the Somali region were ethnic Cushites from the fertile lakes of southern Ethiopia . This group is sub-divided into a number of other ethnicities, which are still readily recognized (and fought over) today. Archeological evidence supports the idea that most of the coastline of present day Somalia had been settled by AD 100. G.W.B. Huntingford has argued in his translation of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea , written about this time, that the "Lesser and Greater Bluffs", the "Lesser and Greater Strands", and the "Seven Courses" of Azania all should be identified with the Somali coastline from Hafun south to Siyu Channel . This indicate that parts of Somalia were familiar to Roman and Indian traders by this time. These early villages put the Somalis in contact with Arab traders travelling along the Red Sea and Indian Ocean . In the ensuing centuries, the Somalis were one of the first peoples to convert to

26. Somalia - History And Politics
    According to another source based in northern oral history, the Somali are a ability/merit as opposed to accommodating clan and regional balances.  
    http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Somalia/Politics.html
    
    Extractions: (Updated: March 2005) The Somali Republic is the easternmost extension of the African continent and is bordered by Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. The Somali are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. More than eight million Somalis live in a territory stretching north from northern Kenya to Djibouti and west from the Indian Ocean to the Ogaden in Ethiopia. Although Somalis are often seen as one of the few ethnic groups that define a nation, the country of Somalia does contain small enclaves of other groups. The Somalis speak the Somali language and are Sunni Muslims. By the end of the 19th century years of treaties had partitioned the Somali home territory into the British Somaliland Protectorate, French Somaliland, Italian Somalia, northern Kenya and the Ogaden in Ethiopia. A total of 60% of the population of Somalia, concentrated primarily in the north, is nomadic. The southern region between the Juba and the Shabeelle rivers is the main area where settled agriculture is practised. Because only 13% of the land is arable, there is intense pressure on available pasture and water. Somalis are divided into six major clan-families, the Daarood, Isaaq, Hawiye, Dir, Digil and Rahanwayn; each of which comprises numerous sub-families and lineages. The Isaaq and the Daarood are predominantly pastoralist, while the Southern clans (mainly Hawiye and Rahanwayn), have long mixed herding with peasant farming. Pastoralists have faced grave problems in environmental degradation of the grain lands in the north since the 1980s.

27. UNESCO - PEER - Regional Programme Of Education For Emergencies, Communication A
    The Fifth Quarterly Workshop for the somalia Civic Education Project took place in The Conference on the history of Burundi Research, Pedagogics and  
    http://www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/news/peer.htm
    
    Extractions: Home News and Events Projects Links ... UNESCO Prizes U NESCO P EER Regional Programme of Education for Emergencies, Communication and Culture of Peace The Following information is reprinted from the UNESCO PEER Newsletter: January - June 1999 C ulture of P eace N etwork UNESCO PEER has launched an initiative for the constitution of a Regional Culture of Peace Network (CPN) in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa. The underlying principle is that modalities and mechanisms of implementation of a culture of peace or conflict resolution are to be reinforced at three levels: decision-makers, intellectuals, grassroots organizations and communities. CPN's purpose is threefold: To develop a common understanding and vision for the culture of peace networks in the Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region. To promote mutually empowering relationships and strategies for action. To provide an information databank, act as an information clearing house for the network and to develop a directory and website. The first CPN meeting took place in Nairobi on 12 April 1999 and comprised 20 local NGOs involved in various activities in Kenya ranging from conflict resolution to peace education, the promotion of inter-religious dialogue and gender issues.

28. The Social History Of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (Somalia)
    The social history of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (somalia) somalia A healthsystem in crisis UN Integrated regional Information Network,  
    http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/index-ee.html
    
    Extractions: Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Somalia UN Integrated Regional Information Networks, analysis, 14 July 2003. In the past, Somali women have not had a significant role in politics, but there are now signs that the trend is slowly changing. Women from privileged groups which have been able to spend time abroad during the 13-year civil war.

29. The Contemporary Political History Of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (Somalia)
    The contemporary political history of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (somalia) Interview With Newly Elected President Hassan UN Integrated regional  
    http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/index-eb.html

30. The Country & People Of Somalia
    Arab Countries Arab World Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information . About somalia * Business * Culture * Education * history * Media  
    http://www.hejleh.com/countries/somalia.html
    
    Extractions: In 1969 a coup led by Maj. Gen. Muhammad Siyad Barre resulted in a socialist state. In 1977 the corrupt and repressive regime broke with the USSR over Soviet aid to Ethiopia and received aid during the 1980s from the U.S. The Somali army invaded the Ogaden region in 1977 but was defeated (1978) by Ethiopian forces; skirmishes continued into the early 1980s. Barre was ousted (1991) by rebels after intense and bloody fighting. The Somali National Movement gained control of the north, the old British Somaliland, and proclaimed it the Somaliland Republic. The north remained relatively peaceful, although clan-based fighting has occurred. In Mogadishu and most of the south the United Somali Congress achieved control, but savage warfare erupted between rival subclans. Almost a quarter of the population faced starvation because of the fighting. UN food supplies and peacekeepers arrived in 1992 and were soon joined by troops from the U.S. and other nations to assure distribution of food aid. A national cease-fire was signed, but no central government was formed. Fighting again erupted (1993) in Mogadishu as the UN unsuccessfully attempted to arrest Gen. Mohammed Farah Aidid. The U.S. and other nations withdrew their troops in 1994 and the last UN forces were withdrawn in 1995. That year some factions again proclaimed Aidid president, but the country remained divided into spheres of influence with no central government. Aidid died from battle wounds in 1996, and his faction chose his son, former U.S. Marine Hussein Mohammed Farah, to succeed him.

31. Air Power:Regional Military Actions
    A second aircraft supporting operations in somalia was lost on March 15, 1994when its Beyond the Wild Blue A history of the US Air Force 19471997.  
    http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Air_Power/regional/AP43.htm
    
    Extractions: The Lockheed AC-130H has participated in many notable combat operations since the end of the Vietnam War including the attempted rescue of the crew of the USS Mayaguez in 1975, the Grenada operation in October 1983, Operation Just Cause in Panama (1989-1990), Operation Desert Storm in Iraq (1991), Operation Restore Hope in Somalia (1993-1994), and Operation Deliberate Force in Bosnia (1995). On January 31, 1991, the first AC-130H was lost in combat supporting coalition forces engaged in ground combat during the battle of Khafji in Operation Desert Storm. A second aircraft supporting operations in Somalia was lost on March 15, 1994 when its 105-mm cannon exploded while the aircraft was airborne. A much-feared World War III never came to pass in the 20th century. In fact, the Cold War ended in 1989 with the thud of the falling Berlin Wall and the colossal statues of Lenin rather than with nuclear bombs. Instead, many regional wars broke out both during and after the Cold War, caused by centuries of ethnic and religious conflict that had been held in check by colonization and occupation. There were military operations overseen by supranational organizations, such as the United Nations or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which enforced treaties or helped with humanitarian activities. The world looked to the United States, as one of the two superpowers, to lead the way in these conflicts, a position that did not always make it happy.

32. Somalia - MavicaNET
    Path to the top. regional Africa Current category Somali history English URL http//home.vicnet.net.au/~somalia/history.htm  
    http://www.mavicanet.com/directory/eng/10131.html
    
    Extractions: Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Regional Africa Somalia Somalijska Demokratska Republika. Sister categories ... African Cultures Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Congo, Democratic Republic of Djibouti Economy: Africa Education: Africa Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Geography: Africa Ghana Guinea (Conakry) Guinea Bissau History of Africa Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mass Media: Africa Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Museums and Exhibitions: Afric... Namibia Nature Reserves and National P... Niger Nigeria Politics: Africa Reunion Rwanda Saint Helena Sao Tome and Principe Search Systems: Africa Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Technology: Africa Togo Transportation: Africa Travel: Africa Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Cultures of Somalia History of Somalia See also Technology / General Questions of Technology / Accidents and Emergency Elimination / Disasters / Tsunami / Asian Tsunami (2004) Sites No filters selected ...

33. SOMALIA IN NET
    Sotas Somali Teachers Association. regional Int. NEWS. Jeune Afrique Africa Daily history somalia history Sport somalia National Olympic Committee  
    http://www.italosomali.org/Somnet.htm

34. Keywords Driving Traffic To Sites In The Regional / Africa Category
    Discover what popular keywords drive search engine traffic to web sites in theRegional / Africa category. somalia history, 219  
    http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/directory/Regional/Africa.html
    
    Extractions: Project Size default load delete export ... Save As You need to login to use projects google_ad_client = "pub-0617382008453614"; google_alternate_ad_url = "http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/ads.html"; google_ad_width = 160; google_ad_height = 600; google_ad_format = "160x600_as"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_ad_channel ="6488191090"; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "993300"; google_color_url = "0000FF"; google_color_text = "003399";

35. Keywords Driving Traffic To Sites In The Regional / Africa / Somalia Category
    Discover what popular keywords drive search engine traffic to web sites in theRegional / Africa / somalia category. somalia history, 219  
    http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/directory/Regional/Africa/Somalia.html
    
    Extractions: Project Size default load delete export ... Save As You need to login to use projects google_ad_client = "pub-0617382008453614"; google_alternate_ad_url = "http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/ads.html"; google_ad_width = 160; google_ad_height = 600; google_ad_format = "160x600_as"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_ad_channel ="6488191090"; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "993300"; google_color_url = "0000FF"; google_color_text = "003399";

36. Facts About POW/MIA Benefits & History
    Total, WWI, WWII, Korea, Vietnam, Gulf, somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo POW coordinatorsare assigned to each VA regional office and medical center and are  
    http://www1.va.gov/visns/visn03/powmia.asp
    
    Extractions: VA Benefits for Former Prisoners Of War Former American POWs are eligible for special veterans benefits, including medical care in VA hospitals and disability compensation for injuries and diseases associated with internment. These benefits are in addition to regular veterans benefits and services to which they, as veterans, are entitled. More than a fourth of the Americans held prisoner in the last five U.S. conflicts are now living. Records show that 142,233 Americans were captured and interned during World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the Somalia and Kosovo conflicts. This includes 81 women seized on Guam or in the Philippines during World War II, and two during the Gulf War. Of that total, an estimated 42,781 were living as of Jan. 1, 2002. This includes 39,719 from World War II, 2,434 from the Korean War, 601 from the Vietnam War, 23 from the Gulf War, one from Somalia and three from the Kosovo Conflict. American Prisoners Of War

37. History Of SOMALIA
    history of somalia from historyWorld.net including Between Arabia and Ethiopia, clanbased and regional, are formed in and around somalia with the  
    http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad20

38. Somalia
    Find websites related to somalia. Home regional Africa somalia covering the economy, geography, history, society and government of the country.  
    http://www.joeant.com/DIR/cat/10915/Somalia

39. SOMALIA NATIONAL PEACE CONFERENCE >
    of international and regional organizations in which somalia is a member hold the nation s most sacred monument, artifacts of its history,  
    http://www.banadir.com/whatisthere.htm
    
    Extractions: SOMALIA NATIONAL PEACE CONFERENCE DJIBOUTI, 20 APRIL - 5 MAY 2000 Somalia's Challenges The period of decline as a nation and people has its roots in the decade of the 1980s, which witnessed a rapid decay in the fabric of Somalia society. Clan identity become either a passport for survival or a stigma for violence and abuse. Somalia was literally transformed into a stateless landmass where political, economic or human rights could only be assured by clan affiliation. Life became a living hell for selected clans or regions as hostilities were initiated against them, between them, or the innocent population. Trust among the Somalis reached its lowest ebb, and fear, anxiety and contrived hatred fed the insecurity of daily lives .Such instability, we all knew, could not remain, and expectations for change intensified during the latter half of 1990. Change did indeed occur. Unfortunately, none of the high hopes and optimism associated with that much-awaited change materialized . What followed was and continues to be the most harrowing, traumatizing and destructive experience in Somalia's history. Somalia plunged into a crisis of exceptional complexity in 1991, resulting in a collapse of the state and all organs of government, following "a devastating famine and brutal multi-sized civil war, which, collectively, claimed the lives of more than 300,000 people."

40. TRAVEL.com ® RegionalAfricaSomalia
    Top regional Africa somalia Somali news, history, articles and webdirectory. SomaliNet somalinet.com somalia s gateway to Internet.  
    http://www.travel.com/Regional/Africa/Somalia/

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