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Scotland Archaeology:     more books (100)

In the Shadow of Bennachie: A Field Archaeology of Donside, Aberdeenshire St Ninian and the Earliest Christianity in Scotland: Papers from the Conference held by The Friends of the Whithorn Trust in Whithorn on September 15th 2007 (bar bs) by Jane Murray, 2009-12-31 Northern Pasts: Interpretations of the Later Prehistory of Northern England and Southern Scotland (British Archaeological Reports (BAR) British) by Jan Harding, Robert Johnston, 2000-12-31 Set in stone: New approaches to Neolithic monuments in Scotland by Vicki Cummings, Amelia Pannett, 2005-12-31 The Clyde Estuary and Central Region (Exploring Scotland's Heritage) by J. B. Stevenson, 1985-01 The Highlands (Exploring Scotland's Heritage) by Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, 1986-12 Coinage of Scotland by Donal Bateson, 1996-09 Mesolithic Lives in Scotland by Graeme Warren, 2005-11-01 The Archaeology and Early History of Angus by Andrew J. Dunwell, Ian Ralston, 2008-05-01 Scottish Abbeys and Priories: (Historic Scotland Series) by Richard Fawcett, 2003-06-30 Three Centuries of Scottish Archaeology by Stuart Piggott, Marjorie Robertson, 1977-08 Towns in the North: The Brochs of Scotland (Revealing History) by Ian Armit, 2002-05-01 Scotland: An Oxford Archaeological Guide (Oxford Archaeological Guides) by Anna Ritchie, Graham Ritchie, 1998-06-25 Excavations at Glasgow Cathedral 1988-1997 (Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph) by Stephen T. Driscoll, 2002-12-01

lists with details

121. From Jesus To Christ: Jesus Many Faces: Crucifixion
     Jesus and Jehohanan An Archaeological Note on Cruxifixion 59 George Street Edinburgh EH2 2LQ scotland telephone 0131 225 4703 fax 0131 220 4260  
     http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/crucifixion.html
     
     Extractions: At the beginning of the summer of 1968 a team of archaeologists under the direction of V. Tzaferis discovered four cave-tombs at Giv'at ha-Mivtar (Ras el-Masaref), which is just north of Jerusalem near Mount Scopus and immediately west of the road to Nablus. The date of the tombs, revealed by the pottery in situ, ranged from the late second century B.C. until A.D. 70. These family tombs with branching chambers, which had been hewn out of soft limestone, belong to the Jewish cemetery of Jesus' time that extends from Mount Scopus in the east to the Sanhedriya tombs in the north west. The name of the man was incised on his ossuary in letters 2 cm high: Jehohanan. He was crucified probably between A.D. 7, the time of the census revolt, and 66, the beginning of the war against Rome.... According to Dr. N. Haas of the Department of Anatomy, Hebrew UniversityHadassah Medical School, Jehohanan experienced three traumatic episodes. The cleft palate on the right side and the associated asymmetries of his face likely resulted from the deterioration of his mother's diet during the first few weeks of pregnancy. The disproportion of his cerebral cranium (pladiocephaly) were caused by difficulties during birth. All the marks of violence on the skeleton resulted directly or indirectly from crucifixion. A description of Jehohanan's death would be helpful toward imaging Jesus' suffering since both were crucified by the Romans in the same century and not far from the walls of Jerusalem. The lower third of his right radial bone contains a groove that was probably caused by the friction between a nail and the bone. Hence, his arms were nailed to the patibulum through the forearms and not through the wrists, the bones of which 'were found undamaged.' It is logical to infer, therefore, that, contrary to the customary portrayal in paintings and biographies,' Jesus had his arms pierced and not his hands. We should probably translate the only two passages in the Gospels that mention of the crucified Jesus (Lk 24, Jn 20) not as 'hands', but with Hesiod, Rufus Medicus, and others as 'arms'. Hence, according to Jn 20, Jesus said to Thomas, 'place your finger here and observe my arms...'

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