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San Marino Culture: more detail

Sammarinese Culture: Films Shot in San Marino, Languages of San Marino, Museums in San Marino, National Symbols of San Marino
SAN MARINO: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Countries and Their Cultures</i> by M. CAMERON ARNOLD, 2001
Peasants and the process of building democratic polities: lessons from San Marino *.: An article from: The Australian Journal of Politics and History by Ulf Sundhaussen, 2003-06-01
Palms and Cycads, their culture in southern California as observed chiefly in th by W. HERTRICH, 1951-01-01
Camellias in The Huntington Gardens: Observations on Their Culture and Behavior by William Hertrich, 1954-01-01

lists with details

San Marino - Countrywatch.com
san marino. CROSSCULTURAL ISSUES AND INFORMATION Crossing Cultural Barriers.As the world becomes increasingly connected, people both at home and in
http://aol.countrywatch.com/aol_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=148&SECTION=APP&TOPIC=CCIAI&T
San Marino
Hotels in san marino. Featured Hotel Grand Hotel san marino. Grand Hotel sanmarino. The Grand Hotel san marino rises on the peak of Monte Titano,
http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/europe/european-union/san-marino/san-

Extractions: Indeed, the very origins of the oldest Republic in the world are shrouded in mystery, to the extent that you must turn to the legends passed down by the local inhabitants to discover its origins. According to traditional mythology Monte Titano, upon which San Marino rises, is in fact one of the peaks that the giants, the Titans that is, used for climbing up to heaven to dethrone Jupiter. Europe European Cities Amsterdam, Holland
San Marino CBC 1
The Republic of san marino covers an area of just 61 km² the country does not linguistic, religious and cultural backgrounds into san marino society.
http://www.coe.int/T/E/human_rights/Ecri/5-Archives/1-ECRI's_work/1-Country_by_c

Extractions: BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) was set up in 1994, at the instigation of the first Summit meeting of Heads of State and Government of the member States of Council of Europe, to combat the growing problems of racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and intolerance threatening human rights and democratic values in Europe. The members of ECRI were chosen for their recognised expertise in questions relating to racism and intolerance. The task given to ECRI was to: review member States' legislation, policies and other measures to combat racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and intolerance and their effectiveness; propose further action at local, national and European level; formulate general policy recommendations to member States; and to study international legal instruments applicable in the matter with a view to their reinforcement where appropriate. One aspect of the activities developed by ECRI to fulfil its terms of reference is its country-by-country approach, which involves carrying out an analysis of the situation in each of the member States in order to provide governments with helpful and concrete proposals.
Speech By Fausta Simona Morganti, Captain Regent Of San Marino
Translate this page Speech by Fausta Simona Morganti, Captain Regent of san marino. In rappresentanzadella Repubblica di san marino desideriamo sottolineare limportanza di
http://www.coe.int/t/dcr/summit/20050516_speech_morganti_en.asp

Extractions: (Italian version only) Le occasioni di incontro a questo livello non sono frequenti e i processi di unità sembrano spesso avanzare senza una sufficiente consapevolezza istituzionale e politica, determinati più da avvenimenti esterni, di pressione economica o di fugace intermediazione fra gli Stati. Questa attiva partecipazione ci porta a confidare che anche un piccolo Stato come San Marino, nella pluralità degli Stati, può contribuire con efficacia alla costruzione di nuovi valori e nuovi sbocchi di unità europea. Il futuro è innanzitutto memoria e, noi crediamo, capacità e opportunità di trasmettere di generazione in generazione i valori autentici di una convivenza e delle sue tracce di tolleranza, di dignità e di valorizzazione. Questo tema, se contestualizzato nel più grande progetto di definizione di una democrazia più avanzata e sempre più allargata, può diventare importante per il suo valore sociale e culturale.
AdmiNet - San Marino
Embassies of san marino in other countries France. Embassies of other countriesin san marino France. Foreign Chambers of Commerce and Industry
http://www.adminet.com/world/sm/

Extractions: The government of San marino Parliament Political organisations Cities and Towns Agriculture Finance Law Art, Culture Health Environment Sports Jobs Companies Industry Small and Medium Enterprises Telecom Information Highways Travel, Transportation Chambers of Commerce and Industry Education Universities Press, Entertainment Defence WWW resources about San marino Grateful thanks to : for useful help. (Last update : Mon, 13 Jan 2003)
Pasadena Star-News - Sunday S Best
The cultural shift at san marino High School offers a glimpse of the future forarea school districts such as Arcadia and Diamond Bar, where the Asian
http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/Stories/0,1413,206%7E31705%7E2858314,00.html

Extractions: GetAd(5, 't', 468, 60, '/nws', ''); Article Search Advanced Search GetAd(20, 'l6', 120, 20, '/entry', ''); Archive Search ImpactoUSA.com Marketplace Place an Ad ... Info GetAd(2, 'l1', 120, 90, '/nws', ''); Article Published: Saturday, May 07, 2005 - 9:51:15 PM PST RELATED May. 21: Retaining their identity May. 14: Asian influence growing at polls May. 8: Some high school sports in decline May. 7: Grades become goal No.1 Apr. 30: Recent arrivals find hardship Apr. 23: Living in two worlds A new look San Marino's Asian majority has changed city's complexion By Cindy Chang , Staff Writer SAN MARINO Third in an occasional series Lindsay Jenkins wanted to run for social chair of her sophomore class, but she wasn't sure if she had a chance to win. She is involved in drama, choir and cheerleading. Peppy and outgoing, she fits the stereotype of the can-do student leader. But at San Marino High School, the conventional wisdom is that it is difficult for a white candidate to muster enough votes from a student body that is more than 70 percent Asian. Jenkins' mother convinced her to run anyway. One of only a handful of white students to seek office last spring, she lost against two Asian opponents.
Gabriel : Library Information
Biblioteca di Stato e Beni Librari, san marino Nationalbibliothek undBuchvermogen der Rupublik von san marino. Director or Chief
http://www.kb.nl/gabriel/libraries/pages_generated/sm_en.html

Extractions: During the first decade of the XX century the number of books in the Library is in constant increase. (The donation of the families Broccoli from Naples, Dr. Nardi from Bologna and of some other citizens). Some of these volumes are of great importance, such as Achille Tellinis natural science publications, or "Biblioteca Comunitativa" from Bologna. At that time the Library owned 25000 volumes, for a great part old books of little fruition. Onofrio Fattori, a politician and a man of letters, during the period of his work as a responsible of the Library, collected books, autographs, antiques and old prints, but he did not have time nor qualified collaborators to organize the material using modern criteria.
REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO
Yet, for all differences in the historical, social, cultural and economic Also in san marino women have been silent or silenced for a long time,
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/followup/beijing 5stat/statments/sanmarino6.htm
Statement By San Marino At The Special Session On Children
On behalf of the Republic of san marino, I wish to offer my congratulations And now, in order to properly develop their potentialities, san marino has
http://www.un.org/ga/children/sanmarinoE.htm
Fact Sheet: Iceland-San Marino Relations
4. Cultural Affairs and Tourism Visa for tourists from san marino Notrequired valid ID card or passport Associations in san marino None
http://brunnur.stjr.is/embassy/paris.nsf/pages/iceland-sanmarinorelations.html
San Marino : Tourist Information - Cultural Information (visitors' Comments)
san marino visitors give cultural tourist information.
http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/infopays/comm.php?CODEPAYS=SMR
Ured Predsjednika RH - October
Historical, social and cultural similarities between Croatia and san marino and Stressing that the visit which Croatian and san marino officials have
http://www.predsjednik.hr/default.asp?ru=167&gl=200410190000002&sid=&jezik=2
US Department Of State Bureau Of European And Eurasian Affairs
PEOPLE AND HISTORY The population of san marino is comprised of native Sammarineseand According to tradition, san marino was founded in AD 301 when a
http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/BNOTES_1120/$fi

Extractions: U.S. Department of State Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs June 2002 Background Note: San Marino PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of San Marino Geography Area: 60 sq. km.; about one-third the size of Washington, D.C. Cities: CapitalSan Marino (pop. 4,352). Other citiesSerravalle, Borgo Maggiore, Domagnano. Terrain: Rugged Mountains. Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers. People Nationality: Noun and adjectiveSammarinese. Population (1999): 26,628. Ethnic Groups: Sammarinese, Italian. Religion: Roman Catholic. Language: Italian. Education: Literacy96%. Health: Infant mortality rate5.5/1,000 live birth rates. Life expectancy81.37 years. Work force: 18,000. Government Type: Republic. Constitution: October 8, 1600, electoral law of 1926 and manuscript of rights (1974) serve some of the functions of the Constitution. Branches: ExecutiveCaptains Regent (co-chiefs of state), Congress of State (cabinet) elected by the Great and General Council, Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs (head of government). Legislativeunicameral parliament: 60-member Great and General Council. JudicialCouncil of Twelve. Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities. Political parties: Christian Democratic Party, Democratic Progressive Party, San Marino Socialist Party, National Alliance, Popular Alliance, Communist Refoundation. Suffrage: Universal over 18. Economy GDP (2000 est): $850 million. Per capita income (2000 est): $32,000. GDP growth (2000 est): 8%. Natural resources: Building stone. Agriculture: Productswheat, grapes, maize, olives, cattle, pigs, horses, meat, cheese, hides. Industry: Typestourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine. Trade: Exports85% to Italy. Importsmanufactured goods, food. PartnersItaly, eastern Europe, South America, China, Taiwan. PEOPLE AND HISTORY The population of San Marino is comprised of native Sammarinese and Italian citizens. Crop farming, sheep farming, and the working of stone from the quarries formed the early backbone of San Marino's economy. It has no mineral resources, and today most of the land is cultivated or covered by woods. According to tradition, San Marino was founded in AD 301 when a Christian stonemason named Marinus the Dalmation fled to the island of Arbe to escape the anti-Christian Roman Emperor Diocletian. Marinus hid on the peak of Mount Titano and founded a small community of people following their Christian beliefs. It is certain that the area had been inhabited since prehistoric times, although evidence of existence on Mount Titano only dates back to the middle ages. In memory of the stonecutter, the land was renamed "Land of San Marino," and was finally changed to its present-day name, "Republic of San Marino." The original government structure was composed of a self-governed assembly known as the Arengo, which consisted of the heads of each family. In 1243, the positions of Captains Regent (Capitani Reggenti) were established to be the joint heads of state. The land area of San Marino consisted only of Mount Titano until 1463, at which time the republic entered into an alliance against Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini, who was later defeated. As a result, Pope Pius II Piccolomini gave San Marino the towns of Fiorentino, Montegiardino, and Serravalle. Later that year, the town of Faetano joined the republic on its own accord. Since then, the size of San Marino has remained unchanged. San Marino has been occupied by foreign militaries twice in its history, both for only short periods of time. In 1503, Cesare Borgia, known as Valentino, occupied the republic until his death several months later. In 1739, Cardinal Alberoni used military force to occupy the country, but civil disobedience was used to protest this, and clandestine notes sent to the Pope to obtain justice were answered by the Pope's recognition of San Marino's rights and restored them to independence. GOVERNMENT The Arengo, initially formed with the heads of each family, relinquished its power to the Great and General Council. In 1243, the first two Captains Regent were nominated by the Council and this method of nomination is still in use today. The Council is composed of 60 members who are elected every 5 years under a proportional representation system in all nine administrative districts. These districts (Townships) correspond to the old parishes of the Republic, and each one is ruled by a Council which is chaired by a Captain elected every 5 years. The Great and General Council approves the budget as well as the nominations of Captains Regent and heads of the Executive. Every 6 months, the Council elects two Captains Regent to be the heads of state. The Regents are chosen from opposing parties so they can keep an eye on each other. They serve a 6-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on April 1 and October 1 in every year. Once this term is over, citizens have 3 days in which to file complaints about the Regents' activities. If they warrant it, judicial proceedings against the ex-head(s) of state can be initiated. The State Congress, composed of 10 Secretaries, wields executive power. The 10 Secretaries are Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs, Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and Civil Defense, and Secretary of State for Finance, Budget and Programming, Information and Relations with the State Philatelic and Numismatic Office; Education, Culture, University and Justice; Territory, Environment and Agriculture; Health and Social Security; Trade and Relations with the Town Council; Communication, Transport, Relations with the Azienda Autonoma di Stato for Services, Tourism and Sport; Industry and Crafts; and Labour and Cooperation. The Council of Twelve is elected by the Great and General Council for the duration of the Legislature and serves a jurisdictional body that also acts as a third instance Court of Appeals. Two government inspectors represent the State in financial and patrimonial questions. The Legislative body consists of the Great and General Council, the parliament, and a unicameral Chamber. The members of parliament are usually elected every 5 years and they are in charge of legislation, justice, and the administration of jurisdiction. In addition, they are tasked with electing the Captains Regent, the State Congress, the Council of Twelve, the Advising Commission, and the Government Unions once the Council nominates them. Parliament also has the power to ratify contracts with other countries. The parliament is divided into five different Advising Commissions consisting of 15 councils which examine, propose, and discuss the implementation of new laws that are on there way to being submitted to the Great and General Council. The judicial system of San Marino is entrusted to foreign executives, both for historical and social reasons. The only native judges are the Justices of the Peace, who only handle civil cases where sums involved do not exceed 25 million lire. The Council of Twelve serves as an appeals court in the third instance. Principal Government Officials Captains RegentGiovanni Francesco Ugolini and Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari (April 1, 2002-September 30, 2002) Secretary of State for Foreign and Political AffairsGabriele Gatti San Marino has honorary Consulates General in Washington, D.C. and New York, and an honorary Consulate in Detroit. The honorary Consulate General in Washington, D.C. is located at 1899 L Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, D.C. 20036. The Republic of San Marino's Web Site provides information on politics, trade, and events in San Marino. The Republic of San Marino's Web Site address is: http://www.omniway.sm/ POLITICAL CONDITIONS San Marino is a multi-party democratic republic. The three main parties are the Democratic Christian Party of San Marino (PDCS), the Socialist Party of San Marino (PSS), and the Progressive Democratic Party of San Marino (PPDS) in addition to several other smaller parties. Due to the small size of San Marino and its low population, it is difficult for any party to gain a pure majority and most of the time the government is run by a coalition. As a result of the June 2001 election, the PDCS and PSS control a majority of seats in the Council. Because tourism accounts for more than 50% of the economic sector, the government relies not only on taxes and customs for revenue, but also the sale of coins and postage stamps to collectors throughout the world. In addition, the Italian Government pays San Marino an annual budget subsidy provided under the terms of the Basic Treaty with Italy. The main issues confronting the current government include economic and administrative problems related to San Marino's status as a close financial and trading partner with Italy while at the same time remaining separated from the European Union (EU). The other priority issue will be to increase the transparency and efficiency in parliament and in relations among parliament, cabinet, and the Captains Regent. ECONOMY San Marino's per capita GNP in 2000 stood at$32,000 with more than 50% of that coming from the tourism industry which draws about 3.15 million people annually. One of the greatest sources of income from tourism comes from the sale of historic coins and stamps. In 1894, San Marino issued the first commemorative stamps and since then that has been part of a large livelihood in the republic. All 10 of the Post Offices of San Marino sell these stamps and collectable coins, including "Legal Gold Tender Coins." Traditional economic activities in San Marino were food crops, sheep farming, and stone quarrying. Today farming activities focus on grain, vines and orchards, as well as animal husbandry (cattle and swine). Besides the tourism industry, San Marino makes most of its income from the banking industry and from the manufacture and export of ceramics, tiles, furniture, clothing, paints, fabrics, and spirits/wines. The per capita level of output and standard of living in San Marino are comparable to those of Italy. In addition, San Marino maintains the lowest unemployment rate in Europe, a state budget surplus, and no national debt. FOREIGN RELATIONS San Marino is an active player in the international community. Currently the Republic has diplomatic relations with over 70 countries. San Marino is a full member of the United Nations, International Court of Justice, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Health Organization (WHO), World Tourism Organization (WTO), Council of Europe, International Red Cross Organization, and the International Institution for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIIT), among others. It also cooperates with UNICEF and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and has official relations with the European Union. From May 10 until November 6, 1990, San Marino held the semi-annual presidency of the European Council of Ministers. U.S.-SAN MARINO RELATIONS The United States and San Marino enjoy friendly diplomatic relations. San Marino consistently supports U.S. foreign policy positions as well as U.S. candidates to international organizations. The two countries are on excellent terms, and the U.S. includes San Marino within the Florence consular district. United States consulate general officers visit San Marino regularly. Principal U.S. Official Until summer 2002, Daria Hollowell will be the U.S. Consul General in Florence and the representative of the U.S. Government to San Marino. As of fall 2002, the U.S. Consul will be William McIlhenny. The U.S. Consulate General is at Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci, 38, 50123 Firenze, Italy (tel. (39) (55) 239-8276/7/8) TRAVEL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION The U.S. Department of State's Consular Information Program provides Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings, and Public Announcements. Consular Information Sheets exist for all countries and include information on entry requirements, currency regulations, health conditions, areas of instability, crime and security, political disturbances, and the addresses of the U.S. posts in the country. Travel Warnings are issued when the State Department recommends that Americans avoid travel to a certain country. Public Announcements are issued as a means to disseminate information quickly about terrorist threats and other relatively short-term conditions overseas which pose significant risks to the security of American travelers. Free copies of this information are available by calling the Bureau of Consular Affairs at 202-647-5225 or via the fax-on-demand system: 202-647-3000. Consular Information Sheets and Travel Warnings also are available on the Consular Affairs Internet home page: http://travel.state.gov . Consular Affairs Tips for Travelers publication series, which contain information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad are on the internet and hard copies can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, telephone: 202-512-1800; fax 202-512-2250. Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained from the Office of Overseas Citizens Services at (202) 647-5225. For after-hours emergencies, Sundays and holidays, call 202-647-4000. Passport information can be obtained by calling the National Passport Information Center's automated system ($.35 per minute) or live operators 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. (EST) Monday-Friday ($1.05 per minute). The number is 1-900-225-5674 (TDD: 1-900-225-7778). Major credit card users (for a flat rate of $4.95) may call 1-888-362-8668 (TDD: 1-888-498-3648). It also is available on the internet. Travelers can check the latest health information with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. A hotline at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) and a web site at http: //www.cdc.gov/travel/index.htm give the most recent health advisories, immunization recommendations or requirements, and advice on food and drinking water safety for regions and countries. A booklet entitled Health Information for International Travel (HHS publication number CDC-95-8280) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, tel. (202) 512-1800. Information on travel conditions, visa requirements, currency and customs regulations, legal holidays, and other items of interest to travelers also may be obtained before your departure from a country's embassy and/or consulates in the U.S. (for this country, see "Principal Government Officials" listing in this publication). U.S. citizens who are long-term visitors or traveling in dangerous areas are encouraged to register at the U.S. embassy upon arrival in a country (see "Principal U.S. Embassy Officials" listing in this publication). This may help family members contact you in case of an emergency. Further Electronic Information Department of State Web Site. Available on the Internet at http://state.gov, the Department of State web site provides timely, global access to official U.S. foreign policy information, including Background Notes; daily press briefings; Country Commercial Guides; directories of key officers of Foreign Service posts and more. National Trade Data Bank (NTDB). Operated by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NTDB contains a wealth of trade-related information. It is available on the Internet (www.stat-usa.gov) and on CD-ROM. Call the NTDB Help-Line at (202) 482-1986 for more information. *********************************************************** See http://www.state.gov/r/pa/bgn/ for all Background notes ************************************************************ To change your subscription, go to http://www.state.gov/www/listservs_cms.html
Bureau Of European And Eurasian Affairs October 2004 Background
PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME Republic of san marino Geography Area 60 sq. km.; PEOPLE AND HISTORY The population of san marino is comprised of native
http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/BNOTES_1122/$fi

Extractions: Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs October 2004 Background Note: San Marino Flag of San Marino is two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty). PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of San Marino Geography Area: 60 sq. km.; about one-third the size of Washington, DC. Cities: CapitalSan Marino (pop. 4,352). Other citiesSerravalle, Borgo Maggiore, Domagnano. Terrain: Rugged mountains. Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers. People Nationality: Noun and adjectiveSammarinese. Population (12-31-2002): 28,753 Ethnic groups: Sammarinese, Italian. Religion: Roman Catholic. Language: Italian. Education: Literacy 96%. Health: Infant mortality rate 6.7/1,000 live birth rates (2002). Life expectancy81.37 years. Work force: approx 18,000. Government Type: Republic. Constitution: October 8, 1600, electoral law of 1926 and manuscript of rights (1974) serve some of the functions of the Constitution. Branches: ExecutiveCaptains Regent (co-chiefs of state), Congress of State (cabinet) elected by the Great and General Council, Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs (head of government). Legislativeunicameral parliament: 60-member Great and General Council. JudicialCouncil of Twelve. Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities. Political parties: Christian Democratic Party, Democratic Progressive Party, San Marino Socialist Party, National Alliance, Popular Alliance, Communist Refoundation. Suffrage: Universal over 18. Economy GDP (2001): Euros 933 million. Per capita income (2001 est): Euros 24,626. GDP growth (2001 est): 7%. Natural resources: Building stone. Agriculture: Productswheat, grapes, maize, olives, cattle, pigs, horses, meat, cheese, hides. Industry: Typestourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine. Trade: Exports Euros 1,705 million (2001). 85% to Italy. Imports Euros 1,744 million (2001) manufactured goods, food. PartnersItaly, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, South America, China, Taiwan. PEOPLE AND HISTORY The population of San Marino is comprised of native Sammarinese and Italian citizens. Crop farming, sheep farming, and the working of stone from the quarries formed the early backbone of San Marino's economy. It has no mineral resources, and today most of the land is cultivated or covered by woods. According to tradition, San Marino was founded in AD 301 when a Christian stonemason named Marinus the Dalmatian fled to the island of Arbe to escape the anti-Christian Roman Emperor Diocletian. Marinus hid on the peak of Mount Titano and founded a small community of people following their Christian beliefs. It is certain that the area had been inhabited since prehistoric times, although evidence of existence on Mount Titano only dates back to the Middle Ages. In memory of the stonecutter, the land was renamed "Land of San Marino" and was finally changed to its present-day name, "Republic of San Marino." The original government structure was composed of a self-governed assembly known as the Arengo, which consisted of the heads of each family. In 1243, the positions of Captains Regent (Capitani Reggenti) were established to be the joint heads of state. The land area of San Marino consisted only of Mount Titano until 1463, at which time the republic entered into an alliance against Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini, who was later defeated. As a result, Pope Pius II Piccolomini gave San Marino the towns of Fiorentino, Montegiardino, and Serravalle. Later that year, the town of Faetano joined the republic on its own accord. Since then, the size of San Marino has remained unchanged. San Marino has been occupied by foreign militaries twice in its history, both for only short periods of time. In 1503, Cesare Borgia, known as Valentino, occupied the republic until his death several months later. In 1739, Cardinal Alberoni used military force to occupy the country. Civil disobedience was used to protest his occupation, and clandestine notes sent to the Pope to obtain justice were answered by the Pope's recognition of San Marino's rights and restoration of San Marino's independence. GOVERNMENT The Arengo, initially formed with the heads of each family, relinquished its power to the Great and General Council. In 1243, the first two Captains Regent were nominated by the Council, and this method of nomination is still in use today. The Council is composed of 60 members who are elected every 5 years under a proportional representation system in all nine administrative districts. These districts (Townships) correspond to the old parishes of the Republic, and each one is ruled by a Council, which is chaired by a Captain elected every 5 years. The Great and General Council approves the budget, as well as the nominations of Captains Regent and heads of the Executive. Every 6 months, the Council elects two Captains Regent to be the heads of state. The Regents are chosen from opposing parties so they can keep an eye on each other. They serve a 6-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on April 1 and October 1 in every year. Once this term is over, citizens have 3 days in which to file complaints about the previous Regents' activities. If they warrant it, judicial proceedings against the former head(s) of state can be initiated. The State Congress, composed of 10 Secretaries, wields executive power. The 10 Secretaries are (1) Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; (2) Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and Civil Defense; (3) Secretary of State for Finance, Budget and Programming, Information and Relations with the State Philatelic and Numismatic Office; (4) Secretary of State for Education, Culture, University and Justice; (5) Secretary of State for Territory, Environment and Agriculture; (6) Secretary of State for Health and Social Security; (7) Secretary of State for Trade and Relations with the Town Council; (8) Secretary of State for Communication, Transport, Relations with the Azienda Autonoma di Stato for Services, Tourism and Sport; (9) Secretary of State for Industry and Crafts; and (10) Secretary of State for Labor and Cooperation. The Great and General Council elects the Council of Twelve for the duration of the Legislature and serves a jurisdictional body that also acts as a third instance Court of Appeals. Two government inspectors represent the State in financial and patrimonial questions. The Legislative body consists of the Great and General Council, the parliament, and a unicameral Chamber. The members of parliament are usually elected every five years and are in charge of legislation, justice, and the administration of jurisdiction. In addition, they are tasked with electing the Captains Regent, the State Congress, the Council of Twelve, the Advising Commission, and the Government Unions once the Council nominates them. Parliament also has the power to ratify contracts with other countries. The parliament is divided into five different Advising Commissions consisting of 15 councils which examine, propose, and discuss the implementation of new laws that are on being submitted to the Great and General Council. The judicial system of San Marino is entrusted to foreign executives, both for historical and social reasons. The only native judges are the Justices of the Peace, who only handle civil cases where sums involved do not exceed 25 million lire. The Council of Twelve serves as an appeals court in the third instance. Principal Government Officials Captains RegentGiuseppe Arzilli and Roberto Raschi (October 1, 2004-April 1, 2005) Secretary of State for Foreign and Political AffairsFabio Berardi San Marino has honorary Consulates General in Washington, DC and New York and honorary Consulates in Detroit and Honolulu. The honorary Consulate General in Washington, DC is located at 1899 L Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036. The Republic of San Marino's Web Site provides information on politics, trade, and events in San Marino. POLITICAL CONDITIONS San Marino is a multi-party democratic republic. The three main parties are the Democratic Christian Party of San Marino (PDCS), the Socialist Party of San Marino (PSS), and the Progressive Democratic Party of San Marino (PPDS), in addition to several other smaller parties. Due to the small size and low population of San Marino, it is difficult for any party to gain a pure majority, and most of the time the government is run by a coalition. Following a period of political instability after the June 2001 elections, in December 2003 the three largest parties formed a coalition government with a view to reforming the electoral law and subsequently calling for early elections. Because tourism accounts for more than 50% of the economic sector, the government relies not only on taxes and customs for revenue but also the sale of coins and postage stamps to collectors throughout the world. In addition, the Italian Government pays San Marino an annual budget subsidy provided under the terms of the Basic Treaty with Italy. In recent years banking has also become an important economic activity. Harmonization of statutes and policies with the EU is a major domestic and foreign policy priority of the republic. Another priority issue will be to increase the transparency and efficiency in parliament and in relations among parliament, cabinet, and the Captains Regent. ECONOMY San Marino's per capita gross national product (GNP) in 2001 stood at 21,270 Euros with more than 50% coming from the tourism industry, which draws about 3 million people annually. One of the greatest sources of income from tourism comes from the sale of historic coins and stamps. In 1894, San Marino issued its first commemorative stamps, which produced government revenue for the republic. All 10 of the Post Offices of San Marino sell these stamps and collectable coins, including "Legal Tender Gold Coins." Traditional economic activities in San Marino were food crops, sheep farming, and stone quarrying. Today farming activities focus on grain, vines, and orchards, as well as animal husbandry (cattle and swine). Besides the tourism industry, San Marino makes most of its income from the banking industry and from the manufacture and export of ceramics, tiles, furniture, clothing, paints, fabrics, and spirits/wines. The per capita level of output and standard of living in San Marino are comparable to those of Italy. In addition, San Marino maintains the lowest unemployment rate in Europe and no national debt. FOREIGN RELATIONS San Marino is an active player in the international community. Currently, the Republic has diplomatic relations with over 70 countries. Italy is the only country represented by an ambassador resident in San Marino. The Papal Nuncio, based in Rome, is the dean of San Marino's diplomatic corps. San Marino is a full member of the United Nations, International Court of Justice, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Health Organization (WHO), World Tourism Organization (WTO), Council of Europe, International Red Cross Organization, and the International Institution for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIIT), among others. It also cooperates with UNICEF and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and has official relations with the European Union. From May 10 until November 6, 1990, San Marino held the semi-annual presidency of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, headquartered in Strasbourg, France. U.S.-SAN MARINO RELATIONS The United States and San Marino enjoy friendly diplomatic relations. San Marino consistently supports U.S. foreign policy positions, as well as U.S. candidates to international organizations. The two countries are on excellent terms. The United States Consul General in Florence also serves as the U.S. diplomatic representative to San Marino. For consular purposes, the republic is within the jurisdiction of the Florence consular district. Consulate officials regularly visit San Marino to carry out diplomatic demarches, represent U.S. interests, and administer consular services. Principal U.S. Official U.S. Consul GeneralWilliam McIlhenny The U.S. Consulate General is at Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci, 38, 50123 Firenze, Italy (tel. (39) (055) 226-951) TRAVEL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION The U.S. Department of State's Consular Information Program provides Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings, and Public Announcements. Consular Information Sheets exist for all countries and include information on entry requirements, currency regulations, health conditions, areas of instability, crime and security, political disturbances, and the addresses of the U.S. posts in the country. Travel Warnings are issued when the State Department recommends that Americans avoid travel to a certain country. Public Announcements are issued as a means to disseminate information quickly about terrorist threats and other relatively short-term conditions overseas which pose significant risks to the security of American travelers. Free copies of this information are available by calling the Bureau of Consular Affairs at 202-647-5225 or via the fax-on-demand system: 202-647-3000. Consular Information Sheets and Travel Warnings also are available on the Consular Affairs Internet home page: http://travel.state.gov. Consular Affairs Tips for Travelers publication series, which contain information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad are on the internet and hard copies can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, telephone: 202-512-1800; fax 202-512-2250. Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained from the Office of Overseas Citizens Services at (202) 647-5225. For after-hours emergencies, Sundays and holidays, call 202-647-4000. The National Passport Information Center (NPIC) is the U.S. Department of State's single, centralized public contact center for U.S. passport information. Telephone: 1-877-4USA-PPT (1-877-487-2778). Customer service representatives and operators for TDD/TTY are available Monday-Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time, excluding federal holidays. Travelers can check the latest health information with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. A hotline at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) and a web site at http://www.cdc.gov/travel/index.htm give the most recent health advisories, immunization recommendations or requirements, and advice on food and drinking water safety for regions and countries. A booklet entitled Health Information for International Travel (HHS publication number CDC-95-8280) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, tel. (202) 512-1800. Information on travel conditions, visa requirements, currency and customs regulations, legal holidays, and other items of interest to travelers also may be obtained before your departure from a country's embassy and/or consulates in the U.S. (for this country, see "Principal Government Officials" listing in this publication). U.S. citizens who are long-term visitors or traveling in dangerous areas are encouraged to register at the Consular section of the U.S. embassy upon arrival in a country by filling out a short form and sending in a copy of their passports. This may help family members contact you in case of an emergency. Further Electronic Information Department of State Web Site. Available on the Internet at http:// www.state.gov, the Department of State web site provides timely, global access to official U.S. foreign policy information, including Background Notes and daily press briefings along with the directory of key officers of Foreign Service posts and more. Export.gov provides a portal to all export-related assistance and market information offered by the federal government and provides trade leads, free export counseling, help with the export process, and more. STAT-USA/Internet, a service of the U.S. Department of Commerce, provides authoritative economic, business, and international trade information from the Federal government. The site includes current and historical trade-related releases, international market research, trade opportunities, and country analysis and provides access to the National Trade Data Bank. *********************************************************** See http://www.state.gov/r/pa/bgn/ for all Background notes ************************************************************ To change your subscription, go to http://www.state.gov/www/listservs_cms.html
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Extractions: Full Review San Marino lies a bit inland of the middle of the Italian boot, west of the party town of Rimini. Built upon a lonely mountain with sheer cliffs, the defensibility of the site assured its continued independence through medieval times. The last of the true city-states, San Marino continues today as its own country, although admittedly dependent upon surrounding Italy for defense, its economy, and most of its culture. San Marino's chief product these days is tourism, and they cater to it - in manners ranging from base to beautiful. The primary attractions for those of the latter persuasion reside in the numerous museums, most with a medieval flare, the wonderful stone architecture of the upper city streets and shops, and the castles that sit atop the mountain. From there, one is afforded a spectacular view of the surrounding Romagna countryside. On a clear day, one can see the Adriatic, but on any day, vineyards, farmland, and rolling hills are a feast for the eyes.
Address To Pilgrims From San Marino-Montefeltro
Along with your particular civil, political, social and cultural duties, Dear brothers and sisters of the Diocese of san marino and Montefeltro,
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Extractions: TO PILGRIMS FROM SAN MARINO-MONTEFELTRO Saturday, 19 April 1997 Dear Brothers and Sisters of San Marino-Montefeltro 1. You have come festively and in large numbers to tell me once again of your joy at the reorganization of your Diocese after years of a temporary and uncertain arrangement, despite the loving care of Pastors who jointly administered the Dioceses of Rimini and of Montefeltro. I thank them cordially. I greet and thank your Bishop, Paolo Rabitti, who has come to your community toto corde , that is, with all his heart, to help you remain a united and fervent Church. I greet the priests, the religious and the civil authorities who have accompanied you, and all those present. 2. Dear brothers and sisters, with your Bishop I also say to you: Church of San Marino-Montefeltro, stand up and walk!. You live in a complex and varied region . You live in a countryside that is unpolluted for the most part but in need of ecological attention, the rebirth of its social and occupational fabric, the improvement of its roads, the restoration of its cultural assets which are in danger of decay. And to a certain extent especially in the Republic of San Marino you are witnessing a vitality in urban life, trade, tourism, hospital care and diplomacy that demands a soul, that is, wise gradualness and harmony, if it is to be genuine and lasting. As Christians, you know that you must be leaven in the world, and therefore you cannot shirk commitment in both of these two situations in the Diocese, showing in Montefeltro and in San Marino that you are active, enterprising and consistent Christians. The Gospel is the resource for every situation.
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Worldwide English travel abroad country information for san marino. Flag ofsan marino is two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light. PROFILE
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DerKeiler Directory - /Regional/Europe/San_Marino/Society_and_Culture
Round Table san marino, An association to improve cultural exchanges in order toincrease people and society knowledge.
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Extractions: Home UNIX Linux Coding ... Europe Society and Culture Sub-categories See also: Links Plates from San Marino License plates from San Marino, with historical information, photos and detailed descriptions. Round Table San Marino An association to improve cultural exchanges in order to increase people and society knowledge. This category needs an editor Last Updated: 2003-08-06 11:26:07 Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor The content of this directory is based on the Open Directory and may have been modified by DerKeiler Home UNIX Linux Coding ... Security

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