Native American - Art History Online Reference And Guide native americans (also Aboriginal peoples, American Indians, Amerindians, Amerind, Indians, Yupik, and Aleut peoples of the far north of the continent. http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Native_American
First Nations Inuit, Arctic Peoples The involvement of both Canadian and US military in the far north bgan during Alaska natives and native americans Justice and Law Links Claims, http://www.kstrom.net/isk/canada/images/can_arct.htm
Extractions: I NUIT AND A RCTIC P EOPLES Page Navigation Buttons Left stone lithograph by Kenojuak (Ashevak), Canada's foremost Inuit artist (Baffin Island), honoring new Canadian Arctic territory of Nunavut. T his section also includes material on Alaska Arctic Aleut-Inuit-Inuvaliut , and on Greenland Inuit. , nations of the circumpolar conference. Canada-North Circumpolar Region map with pole at center, from Canada's National Mapping service. Several areas can be clicked on for closeup detail, but none of the text captions are legible. Map of the Eastern Inuit Culture area Across northern Canada, these people are closely related to the Greenland Inuit. Since 1979, this Danish possessionwhose population majority is 88% Inuitachieved Home Rule; placenames such as the country itself are now expressed in Inuit language. Kalaalit Nunaat is the name of the ice-covered subcontinent. A study unit on these Inuit peopletheir culture and their modern historyhas been prepared. Greenlandic material is at the bottom of this page. Traditional territorial areas of tribal groups are shown on this map. Canadian Inuit Since World War II A map-illustrated essay by Paula Giese of Canada's cynical use of Inuit people as human land-stakes. Post-1945 history of Inuit. The involvement of both Canadian and U.S. military in the far north bgan during World War II and continud with building of th U.S. DEW (nuclear missile warning) line across the far north. Inuit people were relocated to this harsh environment by the Canadian government to "stake a claim" against the aggressive U.S. building there. The file has 3 large, detailed maps of the high central Arctic, with all Inuit communitis shown, so it will load rather slowly.
Language School Explorer - Information About Native_American Although all Amerindians are native americans, not all native americans are Amerindians. Yupik, and Aleut peoples of the far north of the continent. http://language.school-explorer.com/info/Native_American
Extractions: Language Afrikaans Arabic Armenian Assamese Asturian Basque Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Cambodian Cantonese Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French Georgian German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Kantonese Ketchua Korean Lithuanian Malay Malayalam Mandarin Mongolian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romenian Russian Samoan Serbian Slovak Slovene Spanish Swedish Taiwanese Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Xhosa Zulu Country City LINK TO US
Native American - Slider native americans (also Aboriginal peoples, Aboriginal americans, American Indians, Yupik, and Aleut peoples of the far north of the continent. http://enc.slider.com/Enc/Native_American
Extractions: Naz Native Americans (also Aboriginal Peoples Aboriginal Americans American Indians Amerindians Amerind Indians First Nations First Peoples Alaskan Natives Native Canadians , or Indigenous Peoples of America ) are those peoples indigenous to the Americas , living there prior to European colonization . This term encompasses a large number of distinct tribes states , and ethnic groups , many of them still enduring as political communities. They generally have a copper-coloured skin, coarse black straight hair, high cheek-bones, black deep-set eyes, and tall erect figure. The terms "Amerindian" and "Indian", both of which are derivatives of "American Indian" (as is " Amerind ", though this term is more popular in linguistic circles), are not necessarily completely synonymous with "Native American". Although all Amerindians are Native Americans, not all Native Americans are Amerindians. "Amerindian" relates to a mega-group of people spanning the Americas that are related in culture and genetics, and are quite distinct from the later arriving Eskimos Inuit Yupik , and Aleut peoples native to Alaska and arctic Canada ). The latter Eskimo share their cultural and genetic commonality with other arctic peoples not native to the American continent, such as those from arctic
Extractions: By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z N Related Category: North American Indigenous Peoples Natives, North American, peoples who occupied North America before the arrival of the Europeans in the 15th cent. They have long been known as Indians because of the belief prevalent at the time of Columbus that the Americas were the outer reaches of the Indies (i.e., the East Indies). Most scholars agree that Native Americans came into the Western Hemisphere from Asia via the Bering Strait or along the N Pacific coast in a series of migrations. From Alaska they spread east and south. The several waves of migration are said to account for the many native linguistic families (see Native American languages Eskimo ), i.e., Northwest Coast, Plains, Plateau, Eastern Woodlands, Northern, and Southwest. Information about particular groups can be found in separate articles and in separate biographies and subject articles (e.g., Pontiac's Rebellion Dawes Act Sections in this article:
Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Natives, North American
KENNEWICK MAN: have migrated as far west as Europe (via Siberia) but native north americans Many native American peoples ranging from the Southwest Pueblos to most http://nas.ucdavis.edu/Forbes/kennwick.html
Extractions: KENNEWICK MAN: In July 1996 a skeleton was found in the shallows of the Oregon (now Columbia) River near Kennewick, Washington. Tentatively dated at 9,200 bp (before the present), the remains represent one of the oldest Americans found thus far. We could call him "Ilip" (Elder) in the Chinook Intertribal Language of the Pacific Northwest, but since each nation has its own name let us stick with Kennewick. A great deal of misinformation has been circulated about Kennewick Man. Let us try to get at some facts of legal as well as ethical significance. First, it is virtually certain that Kennewick Man was an ancestor for most or all of us who are today known as Native Americans. It is normal for an adult person to have produced descendants. If Kennewick Man had descendants at the conservative rate of two per each generation, then this American Ancestor would have had some 64 million grandchildren (statistically speaking) within 650 years and 128 million by 675 years (if we figure each generation at a conservative 25 years and if each grandchild averaged two children). After 775 years Kennewick's descendants could number some 2 billion Americans, a number far exceeding any known estimate for the maximum population of Americans before 1492. What this means, of course, is that Kennewick's descendants intermarried with each other after a few centuries had elapsed. The number of Kennewick's descendants today could be astronomical, theoretically in the mega-trillions, thus virtually ensuring that all of us of indigenous American ancestry are descendants. (We are not necessarily descendants in the direct male or female lines, and thus we may not have the same DNA as Kennewick, nor will we necessarily resemble him since we will have had many other ancestors as well. As recently as the year 1480 I had 32,000 statistical ancestors, born of 64,000 parents born of 128,000 grandparents! Since our ancestors double statistically every 25 or so years, one can imagine how many ancestors each of us had 9,000 years ago, a number so great that it must statistically include every American Ancestor then living in the Americas! Of course, if our ancestors married other ancestors, then that number will be reduced).
Coastal Oregon Native Americans The northwest Indians were the only tribes in north America to build homes of were encroached upon by peoples from as far north as the Columbia River. http://www.chenowith.k12.or.us/tech/subject/social/natam_or/coastal.html
Extractions: TILLAMOOK "The Tillamooks are actually a southern branch Salishan family of tribes which occupied the coastal area of British Columbia from the Strait of Georgia south through the Puget Sound area of Washington State, along the coast as far south as the Siletz River, Oregon, except around the mouth of the Columbia River (occupied by the Chinook). The Coast Salish practised the wealth and gift distribution ceremony known as the Potlatch. They generally lived in cedar plank houses facing rivers or the sea; and have a tradition of complex wood-carving art which weakened to the south into simpler art forms. Two dominant subsistence and material resources among the Salish were salmon and red cedar, and they excelled in basketry and textiles. They were essentially a river and bay people in a heavy forest area with a moist, mild climate." "The Tillamook and closely related bands, Nehalem and Nestucca, lived around the Nehalem and Salmon Rivers in present Tillamook County, Oregon, and were the largest Coast Salish group south of the Columbia. Lewis and Clark estimated the group at 2,200 in 1805, but they had declined to 200 by 1900. A few Nestuccas appear to have been reported amongst the Grand Ronde Indians. The census of 1970 gave 139 for the whole group." Source Source History of Tillamook County Source Tillamook from the U of O Linguistics site. Includes the Nehalem, Tillamook, Nestucca, Salmon River, and Siletz.
The Seeker Magazine Many native north americans and South American tribes people came and were lived very far away east from the actual place Michigan. The peoples that http://www.the-seeker.com/cover.htm
Extractions: Cornplanter Chronicles is a story unlike any other story about a Native American nation and its war chief. The Seneca, a member of the Iroquois League of Six Nations, is the only tribe to survive intact to this day on their ancestral land. They are the only tribe in the United States that was never defeated by American armies and forced to accept the white man's terms. They fought on the losing side several times (The French against the British in the French and Indian War, and the British against the United States in the Revolutionary War), but in each case the war was lost elsewhere and they fought on. When it finally came in 1791, it was Cornplanter, head chief of the Seneca, who negotiated the terms and brought peace to the Alleghenies.
Native Americans - Family Life Among native americans and other primitive peoples as far back as Paleolithic times, The name for native north americans who accepted Christianity. http://www.nativeamericans.com/FamilyLife.htm
Extractions: Family Life Glossary Bow and Arrow A weapon consisting of two parts; the bow is made of a strip of flexible material, such as wood, with a cord linking the two ends of the strip to form a tension from which is propelled the arrow; the arrow is a straight shaft with a sharp point on one end and usually with feathers attached to the other end. The use of the bow and arrow for hunting and for war dates back to the Paleolithic period in Africa, Asia, and Europe. It was widely used in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, the Americas, and Europe until the introduction of gunpowder. Arrowheads were first made of burnt wood, then stone or bone, and then metals. Various woods and bones were used for the bow itself. However, it was not a powerful weapon until the invention of the compound, or composite, bow around 1500 b.c. on the steppes of Central Asia. A composite bow is made of various materials (wood, horn, sinew) glued together so as to increase their natural strength and elasticity. Bows and arrows were among the dominant weapons used by Assyrian chariots, Parthian cavalry, Mongol horsemen, and English longbowmen. At other times they have been used more as auxiliary weapons for massed infantry or cavalry. The crossbow, although known in Roman times, was not widely used in Europe until the Middle Ages. In China, however, where it developed at the same time, the crossbow revolutionized warfare. A crossbow is a bow set on a stock. It fires missiles propelled by mechanical energy and released by a trigger. It could be more powerful than the ordinary bow and could fire arrows, darts, or stones. It was, however, slower to fire than the longbow and almost as difficult to wield; even the arbalest, a later crossbow, was clumsy and slow. By the end of the 13th cent. use of the crossbow had declined. At the battle of Crcy (1346) English longbowmen, firing from fixed positions, proved far more efficient than Genoese crossbowmen fighting for the French.
Native Americans native peoples never had a great negative impact on this marsh that It seems that the troops only came as far north as Hustisford before heading west. http://www.fws.gov/midwest/horicon/nativeamericans.html
Extractions: The prehistoric people of the Effigy Mound culture, a division of the Woodland Indian people, lived in the upper Midwest from around 500 A.D. to 1400 A.D. The mound builders left behind little evidence of a permanent village. Their origins are unknown. They disappeared around 1400 A.D. leaving few traces of their culture or of what happened to them. However, one interesting artifact of their life remains: the effigy mounds they built. Mound-building is considered an art form. Their effigy mounds are earthen mounds and vary in size from 25 feet to over 300 feet long, average three feet in height, and were formed into animal or geometric shapes. Animal shapes include panther, bear, bison, deer, birds, and others. Still other mounds are shaped into lines and circles (linear and conical mounds). Some mounds that have been excavated contain artifacts including pottery, bone tools, and copper awls. The Horicon Marsh-Kettle Moraine-Sheboygan Marsh area was an apparent center of religious worship, a trail-shrine complex. Along the east side of Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, County Z generally follows an ancient Indian trail below the high ledge of the Niagara Escarpment. Mound groups face the trail and the marsh.
Extractions: (Redirected from Amerindian Brazilian Indian chiefs The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as established in their respective articles. European colonization of the Americas Indigenous peoples in the United States ... edit See also: Archeology of the Americas Models of migration to the New World edit Based on anthropological and genetic evidence, scientists generally agree that most indigenous peoples of the Americas descend from people who migrated from Siberia across the Bering Strait , between 17,000â11,000 years ago. The exact epoch and route is still a matter of controversy, as is whether it happened at all. Until recently there was a consensus among anthropologists that the alleged migrants crossed the strait 12,000 years ago via the Bering Land Bridge which existed during the last ice age (which occurred to 11,000 years ago
Extractions: Native American Languages Support our organization Submit your writing Native Languages of the Americas: Native American Cultures Hello, and welcome to Native Languages of the Americas! We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting American Indian languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology. Our website is not beautiful. Probably, it never will be. But this site has inner beauty, for it is, or will be, a compendium of online materials about more than 800 indigenous languages of the Western Hemisphere and the people that speak them. See our menu of Native American information for kids So far we have finished pages for 33 languages spoken by more than a hundred Indian nations in Canada and the United States. In addition to the language information, we have carefully collected and organized links to many different aspects of native life and culture, with an emphasis on American Indians as a living people with a present tense. American Indian history is interesting and important, but Indians are still here today, too, and we have tried to feature modern writers as well as traditional legends, contemporary art as well as museum pieces, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday. Suggestions for new links are always
Native American: Definition And Much More From Answers.com native American n. A member of any of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. Yupik, and Aleut peoples of the far north of the continent. http://www.answers.com/topic/native-american
Extractions: n. A member of any of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. The ancestors of the Native Americans are generally considered by scientists to have entered the Americas from Asia by way of the Bering Strait sometime during the late glacial epoch. Native American adj. USAGE NOTE Many Americans have come to prefer Native American over Indian both as a term of respect and as a corrective to the famous misnomer bestowed on the peoples of the Americas by a geographically befuddled Columbus. There are solid arguments for this preference. Native American eliminates any confusion between indigenous American peoples and the inhabitants of India, making it the clear choice in many official contexts. It is also historically accurate, despite the insistence by some that Indians are no more native to America than anyone else since their ancestors are assumed to have migrated here from Asia. But one sense of native is âbeing a member of the original inhabitants of a particular place,â and Native Americans' claim to being the original inhabitants of the Americas is unchallenged.â¢Accuracy and precision aside, however, the choice between these two terms is often made as a matter of principle. For many
Compact Histories unleashed destructive forces upon north America s native peoples which reached far beyond the immediate areas of their colonization. http://www.tolatsga.org/Compacts.html
Extractions: Compact Histories. Please Note: These Compact Histories are presented here to provide information to those interested in learning more about the First Nations. Lee Sultzman has authored all of the Histories. They are NOT here to provide spoon fed information for "school reports." Accordingly we are not interested in any questions asking for help in completing your school assignment. As to those who question our credibility, you may take us or leave us. These Histories were written and assembled as a labor-of-love. Take them or leave them, period. Acolapissa The mild climate of the lower Mississippi required little clothing. Acolapissa men limited themselves pretty much to a breechcloth, women a short skirt, and children ran nude until puberty. With so little clothing with which to adorn themselves, the Acolapissa were fond of decorating their entire bodies with tattoos. In cold weather a buffalo robe or feathered cloak was added for warmth.
MSN Encarta - Native Americans Of North America Search for books and more related to native americans of north America Scholars may never know why ancient peoples ventured to the Americas. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570777_2/Native_Americans_of_North_Americ
Extractions: Search for books and more related to Native Americans of North America Encarta Search Search Encarta about Native Americans of North America Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Native Americans of North America ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 2 of 54 Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 233 items Article Outline Introduction Population: Past and Present Earliest Peoples Culture Areas ... Native Americans Today III Print Preview of Section Most anthropologists believe the ancestors of Native Americans were hunter-gatherers who migrated from northeastern Asia during the last part of the Pleistocene Epoch (1.6 million to 10,000 years before present). From about 25,000 to 10,000 years ago a now-submerged land bridge, called Beringia, linked northeastern Asia and northwestern North America. At that time, sea levels were lower than they are today because more of the worldâs water was frozen in glaciers. The early colonizers who crossed this natural land bridge were surely unaware they had arrived on a new continent. Scholars may never know why ancient peoples ventured to the Americas. Perhaps they were in pursuit of wide-ranging game; perhaps they were driven by the enduring human urge to explore unknown territory. Whatever their motivation, these peoples, or their descendants, pushed south toward what is now the continental United States. Eventually, they made it all the way to the southern tip of South America.
Native American -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article native American. Categories Indigenous peoples, north American history, spoken by the Aleut people) Aleut peoples of the far north of the continent. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/n/na/native_american.htm
Extractions: Native Americans (also Aboriginal Peoples Aboriginal Americans American Indians Amerindians Amerind Indians First Nations First Peoples Alaskan Natives Native Canadians , or Indigenous Peoples of America ) are those peoples (Click link for more info and facts about indigenous) indigenous to the (North and South America) Americas , living there prior to (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) Europe an (The act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies) colonization . This term encompasses a large number of distinct ((biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily) tribe s, (The way something is with respect to its main attributes) state s, and (People of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture) ethnic group s, many of them still enduring as political communities. They generally have a copper-coloured skin, coarse black straight hair, high cheek-bones, black deep-set eyes, and tall erect figure.
Native American - Enpsychlopedia Yupik, and Aleut peoples of the far north of the continent. In Latin America, the preferred expression is Indigenous peoples (pueblos indígenas in http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/American_Indian
Extractions: Portrait_of_Red_Bird.jpg A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet , about 1908 Native Americans (also Original Americans Aboriginal Peoples Aboriginal Americans American Indians Amerindians Amerind Indians First Nations First Peoples Native Canadians , or Indigenous Peoples of America ) are those peoples indigenous to the Americas , living there prior to European colonization . This term encompasses a large number of distinct tribes states , and ethnic groups , many of them still enduring as political communities. A comprehensive tribal list can be found under " Classification of Native Americans The terms "Amerindian" and "Indian", both of which are derivatives of "American Indian" (as is " Amerind ", though this term is more popular in linguistic circles), are not necessarily completely synonymous with "Native American". Although all Amerindians are Native Americans, not all Native Americans are Amerindians. "Amerindian" relates to a mega-group of people spanning the Americas that are related in culture and genetics, and are quite distinct from the later arriving Eskimos Inuit Yupik , and Aleut peoples native to Alaska and arctic Canada ). The latter share their cultural and genetic commonality with other arctic peoples not native to the American continent, such as those from arctic
Arctic Circle Exploring The Past Though not commonly associated with the far north, a highly developed variant of were to renew their contact with the Arctic s native north americans. http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/HistoryCulture/journey.html
Extractions: Still, archeologists have much to offer in interpreting these fragments of the human adventure. And we can utilize as well one of their guiding principles, cultural ecology and its correlary, adaptation . Without such a principle, these prehistoric detectives would simply be presenting us with a conglomeration of unrelated facts. With such a clarifying paradigm, we gain contextual meaning - an essential feature of any serious inquiry. This approach is especially germane to studies of the Circumpolar North, for as every North American school-age child knows, the Arctic has always served as a natural laboratory, testing the northerner's ability to survive in a severe environment. Given these environmental limitations, present day Inuit have met this challenge with ingenuity and skill. Yet they followed long after the first inhabitants of the region. These earlier humans entered the New World by way of Beringia, an intercontinental land 'bridge' half the width of the United States connecting the region of Bering Strait with Siberia. We know little of human antiquity in this northern sector of the Old World, although archeological remains from the Lake Baikal region of the Trans-Baikal date as far back as 13,000 to 25,000 years ago. The residents of the Russian steppe-tundra were not northern reminants of Ice Age neanderthals, but contemporary
Navajo Native Americans Of The Great Basin Desert - DesertUSA 1000) into the Plains and Southwest; originating in the far north/Subarctic. During World War II, the Navajo language was one of the native American http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_navajo.html
Extractions: The Navajo Nation (population 200,000) and Navajo reservation (28,000 square miles) are the largest in the United States. The Navajo (Dine') Reservation is in the Great Basin Desert region on the Colorado Plateau and occupies most of the northeastern portion of Arizona, extends into northwest New Mexico and a southern strip of Utah. The Navajo and Apache peoples are recent arrivals (sometime after A.D. 1000) into the Plains and Southwest; originating in the Far North/Subarctic. These people adapted well to the desert environs, with the Navajo employing hunting and gathering, farming (CBS) and sheepherding. The Navajo learned pottery and weaving from the Pueblos, but adapted sheep's wool to weaving and refined the art by creating large, spectacular blankets. Navajo jewelers are also some of the most renowned in the Southwest. During World War II, the Navajo language was one of the Native American languages used to create cryptographic codes that were never broken. Steve Crouthamel For more details on there history click here
