Bibliography On African Traditional Religion Human rights in African indigenous religion, Bulletin of Ecumenical Scriptures of African peoples The Sacred utterances of the Anlo, New York, 1973. http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/atr_bibliography.htm
Extractions: , "Reading the entrails: analysis of an African divination discourse", Man Abimbola W., "The Place of African Traditional Religion in Contemporary Africa: The Yoruba Example" in Olupona, ed. Kingship, Religion and Rituals in a Nigerian community: a phenomenological study of Ondo Yoruba festivals . Stockholm,1991, 51-58. Abrahamsson H., The Origin of Death, Studies in African Mythology, Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia III, Uppsala, 1951. Acheampong S.O., "Reconstructing the structure of Akan traditional religion," Mission Ackah C. A., Akan Ethics. A Study of the Moral Ideasand the Moral Behaviour of the Akan Tribes of Ghana, Accra, 1988. Achebe Chinua, "Chi in Igbo Cosmology", in In Morning Yet on creation day, N.Y., 1975. Achebe Chinwe, The World of the Ogbanje, Enugu, 1986. Adagala K., "Mother Nature, Patriarchal Cosmology & Gender" in Gilbert E.M., ed. Nairobi: Masaki Publishers.1992, 47-65.
History And Information On Tanzania And Mount Kilimanjaro Germany finally lost control of German East africa in 1917 to the British The majority of Tanzania s people are made up of two general indigenous groups http://www.kilimanjaroworld.com/tanzania.htm
Extractions: Back to Top When you consider that mankind's birthplace may have been centered somewhere in northern Tanzania it's evident that there is a long human history there. Archaeologists have discovered the fossils of several types of manlike creatures called Australopithecine's in the Olduvai Gorge just North West of Mount Kilimanjaro. Scientists believe these creatures lived as long as 4 million years ago. Tanzania's first mainland inhabitants had established themselves as early as 3000 to 5000 years ago. It's safe to assume that the inhabitants were there prior to the above dates, since knowledge of the inhabitants comes mainly from remnants of ancient Stone Age sites that have been researched. What researchers do know is that these early settlers were hunters and gatherers who spoke Khoisan. Around 1000 B.C. people speaking the Cushitic language began to settle from Ethiopia and Somalia. These people brought cattle and knowledge of stone tools and settled in the Northern Regions.
Extractions: Click here to learn more The information in this section is reproduced from Mark W. Nolting's book, Africa's Top Wildlife Countries, Revised 6th Edition. This content cannot be reproduced without authorization of the author. To purchase Mark's book, please visit: www.africa-adventure.com/dsp_products.html TANZANIA Introduction Wildlife and Wildlife Area Arusha KENYA Introduction Wildlife and Wildlife Area Amboseli National Park TANZANIA Volcanic highlands dominate the north, giving way southward to a plateau, then semidesert in the center of the country and highlands in the south. The coastal lowlands are hot and humid with lush vegetation. One branch of the Great Rift Valley passes through Lakes Manyara and Natron in northern Tanzania to Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa) in the south, while the other branch passes through Lakes Rukwa and Tanganyika in the west. Some scientists debate that East Africa was the cradle of mankind. Some of the earliest known humanoid footprints, estimated to be 3.5 million years old, were discovered at Laetoli by Dr. Mary Leakey in 1979. Dr. Leakey also found the estimated 1.7-million-year-old skull Zinjanthropus boisei at Oldupai (formerly Olduvai) Gorge in 1957.
Bee Project To Create 100 000 Jobs SATURDAY, 05 JUNE 2004 An The history of makonde village in the former Venda homeland is legendary and the indigenous people of this country against the invading colonial armies. http://www.environment.gov.za/NewsMedia/MedStat/2004Jun5/bee_project_to_create_1
Tanzania Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide People 99% native African (over 100 tribes), 1% Asian, European and Arabic Languages Swahili, English, indigenous. Religion 40% Christian, 35% Muslim, http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/tanzania/printable.htm
Extractions: @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Tanzania Take a walk on the wild side in this quintessential African landscape. Check out our other destinations: Within Tanzania Zanzibar Click here Selous Game Reserve WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Events Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links Step out into the vast open plains of Tanzania and you suddenly feel very, very small. And so you should. You've just joined one of the largest, wildest animal populations in the world. Wildebeest, monkey, antelope, lion, cheetah, crocodile, gazelle, flamingo - they're all out there. An economically poor country troubled by rowdy neighbours and opportunistic colonial powers, Tanzania offers some of the best wildlife spotting opportunities on the continent. Its famous parks make the often rather pedestrian towns here well worth the stopover. Factoid
Mozambique Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide Today Mozambique produces some of the finest art in africa. The sculpture of the makonde people from the north is recognised as one of africa s most http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/mozambique/printable.htm
Extractions: WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links Mozambicans are putting their shattering past behind them and are rebuilding their country at a remarkable pace. And there's a fair number of things to see, including stunning beaches, World Heritage sites, funky colonial architecture and colourful local culture. Unexploded Land Mines Mozambique has many unexploded mines. Stay on roads and seek local advice before wandering off track no matter where you are. Armed robbery and drive-by theft at gunpoint are not uncommon in Maputo. Women are advised not to walk alone along any beach in Mozambique, and travel by convoy is recommended throughout the country, owing to the risk of banditry.
International Mission Board - Praying - Compassion Net Select the people group for which you want to view prayer items. indigenous of the Guyanas, indigenous peoples of Central America, indigenous peoples of http://www.imb.org/CompassionNet/PeopleGroups.asp
Extractions: Subscribe About us Contact us Questions ... Praying Prayer Search by People Group Select the people group for which you want to view prayer items. Also, you may select the maximum age of prayer items to be displayed. Please note that if a particular people group does not appear in the choice list, it means there are no active prayer items for that people group. People Group: **Select a People Group** Western Cham of Cambodia Acehnese of Indonesia Afar of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti Algerian Arabs of Algeria and France amaXhosa of South Africa Amhara of Ethiopia Ancash Quechua of Peru Anii of Benin and Togo Arabs in Latin America Asheninka of Peru Asian Indians of East Africa Aukan of Suriname and French Guiana Ayizo of Benin Aymara of Bolivia Aymara of Peru Baganda of Uganda Bahasa-Speaking Tribals of Southeast Asia Bambara of Mali Banyankore of Uganda Banyoro of Uganda Banyumasan of South-Central Java, Indonesia Basoga of Uganda Basotho of Lesotho and South Africa Batonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe Bedouin of Northern Africa Beja of Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea
MEMORY LINES: ART IN THE PAN-AFRICAN WORLD James Africanus Beale Horton, West African Countries and peoples and A My exposure to the makonde sculpture caused different forms and ideas to take http://www.ijele.com/vol1.2/nzegwu2.html
Extractions: Nkiru Nzegwu Africa, in ages past, was the nursery of science and literature; from thence they ere taught in Greece and Rome, so that it was said that the ancient Greeks represented their favourite goddess of Wisdom Minerva as an African princess. Pilgrimages were made to Africa in search of knowledge by such eminent men as Solon, Plato, Pythagoras; and several came to listen to the instruction of the African Euclid, who was at the head of the most celebrated mathematical school in the world, and who flourished 300 years before the birth of Christ. James Africanus Beale Horton, West African Countries and Peoples and A Vindication of the African Race , London: W. J. Johnson, 1868, 59. In the critically acclaimed Black Athena vol. 1 , Martin Bernal, following the lead of James Africanus Beale Horton (1868), and George James' Stolen Legacy , addresses the ways in which, from the seventeenth century onward, the white intellectual structure of knowledge and its racist model of interpretation distorted global history. In Race in North America , Audrey Smedley makes a similar argument, tracing the origin and evolution of the racist Eurocentric world-view through "popular (folk) beliefs about human differences" from the sixteenth century to the twentieth century (1993, 13-35). While she acknowledges the force of biological arguments that race is not a legitimate scientific category, she is very much aware of the preeminent status of race in organizing social reality in the United States along lines of racial hierarchy. This institutionalized ideology of racism causes her to conclude that the prescribed epistemologies and conceptual structures maintains an enervating position of inequality for those, whom peoples of European descent in the United States, perceive as alien.
Highlights And Attractions In Africa Highlights and attractions in southern and east africa. Other groups include the makonde, Sena and Shangaan. Europeans like native Portuguese and Asian http://www.thesafaricompany.co.za/Highlights_and_Attractions.htm
Extractions: Africa offers a diversity of attractions and highlights. Each country in southern and east Africa is unique in its own right. You will find that Africa offers something for everyone - unspoiled beaches (Mozambique's Bazaruto Islands), spectacular scenery (Namibia's Sossusvlei and Namib Desert), rich cultural heritage (the Masai tribe of Kenya), bustling cities (the mother city, Cape Town), natural wonders (the Victoria Falls) and remote wilderness areas (Botswana's Okavango Delta and Kalahari), Africa has it all!
Extractions: DISTRIBUTION Is widely distributed, and tolerates a wide range of sites, especially on gravelly soils. A deciduous savannah tree or shrub, it will intertwine with other trees, and has a heavily branched, many stemmed growth habit. It is found in tropical lowlands and on various sites in subhumid and semiarid areas. In Tanzania it is found in low altitude savannah or woodlands around Morogoro and Itigi, down to the coast. Often it grows in areas where productive agriculture is impossible due to shallow, rocky soils. This is an indication of the tree's hardiness but may also indicate that it can not effectively compete when conditions are better (Forest Division 1984). Status: D. melanoxylon is a national emblem protected by law (UNEP 1988). Minimum Altitude (m): Maximum Altitude (m): Minimum Rainfall (mm): Maximum Rainfall (mm): Minimum Temperature (C): Maximum Temperature (C): REQUIREMENTS Soil Requirements: Needs sufficiently moist soils, preferably near water (don Maydell 1986). Light Requirements: Light demanding.
The British Museum: Newsroom Voices of Southern africa therefore testifies both to despair and to hope. Her portraits are carved from indigenous wood and combine elements of Western http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/newsroom/archive2000/voices.html
Extractions: This November, the British Museum will host a showcase of contemporary art from Southern Africa. The exhibition has been conceived in collaboration with the Gasworks Studio and the Triangle Arts Trust and brings together the work of nine artists: six from South Africa, two from Zimbabwe and one from Mozambique. The works on display have been produced since the mid-80s to the present, marking a period of intense socio-political struggle, transition and transformation in the region. Mozambique gained independence from Portuguese colonialism in 1975 and played an important role in the fall of (then)Rhodesia's white minority government in 1980. South Africa held its first democratic elections in 1994, following decades of resistance to the apartheid regime. However, all three countries have since experienced internal strife and the path to independence has been far from smooth. The artwork crosses the boundaries between rural and urban, local and global, defying attempts to easily categorise the continent into cohesive styles and traditions. If they cohere, they do so in momentary flashes, in the overlap of competing histories, politics and market places and in the everyday contact between individuals. Each work may be approached as a glimpse into the biography of individuals, communities and even nations.
African Renaissance: Thabo Mbeki and the intricate sculptures of the makonde of Tanzania and Mozambique. It is this same vision which has inspired the African peoples so that, http://emeagwali.com/speeches/Thabo-Mbeki/African-Renaissance.html
Extractions: We must assume that the Roman, Pliny the Elder, was familiar with the Latin saying, "Ex Africa semper aliquid novi!" (Something new always comes out of Africa). Writing during the first century of the present millennium, Pliny gave his fellow Romans some startlingly interesting and supposedly new information about Africans. He wrote: "Of the Ethiopians there are diverse forms and kinds of men. Some there are toward the east that have neither nose nor nostrils, but the face all full. Others that have no upper lip, they are without tongues, and they speak by signs, and they have but a little hole to take their breath at, by the which they drink with an oaten straw ... In a part of Afrikke be people called Pteomphane, for their King they have a dog, at whose fancy they are governed ... And the people called Anthropomphagi which we call cannibals, live with human flesh. The Cinamolgi, their heads are almost like to heads of dogs... Blemmyis a people so called, they have no heads, but hide their mouth and their eyes in their breasts." (Cited in: "Africa: A Biography of the Continent": John Reader, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1997.)
African Folklore -- A-Z Entries Northeastern africa ( The Horn ) Overview Nsibidi An indigenous Writing System Rastafari A Marginalized People Rattray, RS Religion african http://www.routledge-ny.com/folklore/african/azentries.html
African Art - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia makonde carving c.1974. African art is any form of art or material culture Finally, the arts of the people of the African diaspora, prevalent in Brazil, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_art
Extractions: Makonde carving c.1974 African art is any form of art or material culture that originates from the continent of Africa . This article discusses primarily visual art; for information on African music, see Music of Africa The arts and material culture of the African continent constitute one of the most diverse and innovative artistic legacies on the planet. Though many casual observers tend to generalize "traditional" African art, the continent is actually full of a multitude of peoples, societies, and civilizations, each with a unique visual culture. Despite this incredible diversity, there do seem to be some unifying artistic themes when considering the totality of visual culture from the continent of Africa. Formal Innovation - Unlike "Western" socities, where artworks tended to be produced according to strict canons of representation, many African societies encouraged innovation and creativity of both style and form among their artists. This innovation and diversity can be seen not only across long expanses of time and geography, but also even from village to village. Visual Abstraction - African artworks tend to favor visual abstraction over naturalistic representation. This is because many African artworks, regardless of medium, tend to
TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents PEOPLE. Mozambique s major ethnic groups encompass numerous subgroups Religions Christian 30%, Muslim 17%, indigenous African and other beliefs 45%. http://www.traveldocs.com/mz/people.htm
Extractions: PEOPLE Mozambique's major ethnic groups encompass numerous subgroups with diverse languages, dialects, cultures, and histories. Many are linked to similar ethnic groups living in neighboring countries. The north-central provinces of Zambezia and Nampula are the most populous, with about 45% of the population. The estimated 4 million Makua are the dominant group in the northern part of the countrythe Sena and Ndau are prominent in the Zambezi valley, and the Tsonga and Shangaan dominate in southern Mozambique. Despite the influence of Islamic coastal traders and European colonizers, the people of Mozambique have largely retained an indigenous culture based on small-scale agriculture. Mozambique's most highly developed art forms have been wood sculpture, for which the Makonde in northern Mozambique are particularly renowned, and dance. The middle and upper classes continue to be heavily influenced by the Portuguese colonial and linguistic heritage. During the colonial era, Christian missionaries were active in Mozambique, and many foreign clergy remain in the country. According to the national census, about 20%-30% of the population is Christian, 15%-20% is Muslim, and the remainder adheres to traditional beliefs.
Makonde -- Encyclopædia Britannica makonde Bantuspeaking people living in northeastern Mozambique and Many makonde have migrated to other parts of the East African coast in search of http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9050242&query=polygyny&ct=
Mozambique (09/05) Facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, Religions Christian 30%, Muslim 17%, indigenous African and other beliefs 45%. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7035.htm
Plep Archive Carter was famous in South africa for his fearless coverage of deadly Fortunately, a group of Norman people saw far more than a parking lot in the http://www.nutcote.demon.co.uk/nl03may0104.html
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