Report Of The Secretary-General On (b) Poster on the International Decade of the World s indigenous People africa. Luhya. Umbundu/Ovimbundu. lunda/Chokwelunda. Wolof. Afrikaans http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.53.313.En?OpenDocument
Talking About "Tribe" For most people in Western countries, africa immediately calls up the word tribe . The lunda, for instance, were considered good material from which to http://www.africaaction.org/bp/ethall.htm
Extractions: Last updated November, 1997 For most people in Western countries, Africa immediately calls up the word "tribe." The idea of tribe is ingrained, powerful, and expected. Few readers question a news story describing an African individual as a tribesman or tribeswoman, or the depiction of an African's motives as tribal. Many Africans themselves use the word "tribe" when speaking or writing in English about community, ethnicity or identity in African states. Yet today most scholars who study African states and societiesboth African and non-Africanagree that the idea of tribe promotes misleading stereotypes. The term "tribe" has no consistent meaning. It carries misleading historical and cultural assumptions. It blocks accurate views of African realities. At best, any interpretation of African events that relies on the idea of tribe contributes no understanding of specific issues in specific countries. At worst, it perpetuates the idea that African identities and conflicts are in some way more "primitive" than those in other parts of the world. Such misunderstanding may lead to disastrously inappropriate policies. In this paper we argue that anyone concerned with truth and accuracy should avoid the term "tribe" in characterizing African ethnic groups or cultures. This is not a matter of political correctness. Nor is it an attempt to deny that cultural identities throughout Africa are powerful, significant and sometimes linked to deadly conflicts. It is simply to say that using the term "tribe" does not contribute to understanding these identities or the conflicts sometimes tied to them. There are, moreover, many less loaded and more helpful alternative words to use. Depending on context, people, ethnic group, nationality, community, village, chiefdom, or kin-group might be appropriate. Whatever the term one uses, it is essential to understand that identities in Africa are as diverse, ambiguous, complex, modern, and changing as anywhere else in the world.
Africa: "Tribe" Background Paper, 2 While there are many indigenous Zambian words which translate into nation, people, The africa Policy EJournal is a free information service provided by http://www.africaaction.org/docs97/eth9711.2.htm
Extractions: APIC Document APIC Background Paper 010 (November 1997) This series of background papers is part of a program of public education funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Ford Foundation. The attractively produced typeset version of this background paper is available from APIC for $2 each ($1.60 each for 20 or more). Add 15% for postage and handling. Order in bulk for your class or study group, or to send to news media in response to stereotypical coverage of Africa. Talking about "Tribe": Moving from Stereotypes to Analysis
Island Agenda Island peoples have an incredible interest in elsewhere, possibly the Among priority concerns, indigenous communities across the world are today http://www.unesco.org/csi/B10/mime4.htm
Extractions: in coastal regions and in small islands Island Agenda 2004 C ulture and society Culture as a lens Worldwide, there is increasing recognition of the intrinsic importance of culture to all aspects of the development process, reflected for example in the debates of the World Commission on Culture and Development and its report Our Creative Diversity . This report begins with the following statement by Marshall Sahlins, a renowned anthropologist who has spent a lifetime writing about the cultures and histories of the Pacific Islands: A great deal of confusion arises in both academic and political discourse when culture in the humanistic sense is not distinguished from culture in its anthropological senses, notably culture as the total and distinctive way of life of a people or society. From the latter point of view it is meaningless to talk of the relation between culture and the economy, since the economy is part of a peoples culture... Indeed the ambiguities in this phrase pose the great ideological issue confronted by the Commission: is culture an aspect or a means of development, the latter understood as material progress; or is culture the end and aim of development, the latter understood as the flourishing of human existence in its several forms and as a whole? Since its founding over fifty years ago, UNESCO has strived to emphasize the cultural foundations of the human endeavour. This work includes the drafting and implementation of a set of standard-setting instruments in the cultural field, the promotion of cultural pluralism and intercultural dialogue, the protection of the worlds tangible and intangible heritage, and the development of cultural enterprises.
Zambia Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide People African (98%) main ethnic groups are Bemba, Nyanja, Lozi and Tonga.Smaller groups include Ngoni, lunda, Kaonde, Luvale and Asian (1%); http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/zambia/
Extractions: WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links Zambia has excellent national parks teeming with birds and other animals, as well as the spectacular Victoria Falls and Zambezi River. Apart from sightseeing, these places are also centres for activities ranging from canoeing to white-water rafting and bungee jumping.
Zambia People Ethnic groups African 98.7% European 1.1% other 0.2%. Religions Christian50%75% Muslim and Hindu 24%-49% indigenous beliefs 1% http://www.world66.com/africa/zambia/people
Zambia History They came primarily from the Luba and lunda tribes of southern Zaire and of Angola (UNITA) the Zimbabwe African People s Union (ZAPU) the African http://www.world66.com/africa/zambia/history
Extractions: Zambia History - overview of historic events the travel guide you write Recent Changes Map View Enlargement [edit this] [Upload image] The indigenous hunter-gatherer occupants of Zambia began to be displaced or absorbed by more advanced migrating tribes about 2 000 years ago. The major waves of Bantu-speaking immigrants began in the 15th century with the greatest influx between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. They came primarily from the Luba and Lunda tribes of southern Zaire and northern Angola but were joined in the 19th century by Ngoni peoples from the south. By the latter part of that century the various peoples of Zambia were largely established in the areas they currently occupy. Except for an occasional Portuguese explorer the area lay untouched by Europeans for centuries. After the mid-19th century it was penetrated by Western explorers missionaries and traders. David Livingstone in 1855 was the first European to see the magnificent falls on the Zambezi River. He named the falls after Queen Victoria and the Zambian town near the falls is named after him. In 1888 Cecil Rhodes spearheading British commercial and political interests in Central Africa obtained a mineral rights concession from local chiefs. In the same year Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe respectively) were proclaimed a British sphere of influence. Southern Rhodesia was annexed formally and granted self-government in 1923 and the administration of Northern Rhodesia was transferred to the British colonial office in 1924 as a protectorate.
Extractions: See also Eastern Africa Guinea Coast Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan Pablo Picasso to the British Vorticists to explore new subjects and methods of visual representation. The imposition of colonial boundaries and governmental systems gives rise to developing national consciousness among many Central Africans, inspiring movements to achieve political independence and reclaim indigenous African identity, such as Mobuto Sese Seko's "authenticity" campaign and Tshibumba Kanda Matulu's series of paintings on Congolese history. In what is today the Democratic Republic of Congo, a ritual expert ( nganga ) and the Yombe artist known today as the Chiloango River Master collaborate on the creation of a corpus of distinctive minkisi , or monumental power figures, called Mangaaka. Used by diviners to consult the spiritual realm for solutions to earthly crises, these works are characterized by their massive scale, naturalistic appearance, and intricately carved representations of knotted fiber headgear. The White Fathers, a Catholic missionary group organized to seek conversions in non-Christian areas of Africa, is established in the southeastern Congo. Originally seeking to carve out an independent "Christian Kingdom" within territory largely inhabited by Tabwa and related peoples, the White Fathers sponsor missionary schools and produce dictionaries, grammars, and a translation of the Bible in the local KiTabwa language. After 1900, as control over the Belgian Free State is consolidated and ultimately transferred to the Belgian republican government, the White Fathers abandon territorial aspirations and focus on conversion. Large numbers of indigenous religious sculpture as well as trees and stones associated with earth spirit sites are destroyed, while others are confiscated and sent to White Fathers headquarters in Belgium and Rome.
GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Zambia - Historical Highlights The indigenous huntergatherer occupants of Zambia began to be displaced orabsorbed by the Zimbabwe African People s Union (ZAPU), the African National http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/za/Zambia_history_summary.htm
Extractions: The indigenous hunter-gatherer occupants of Zambia began to be displaced or absorbed by more advanced migrating tribes about 2,000 years ago. The major waves of Bantu-speaking immigrants began in the 15th century, with the greatest influx between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. They came primarily from the Luba and Lunda tribes of southern Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola but were joined in the 19th century by Ngoni peoples from the south. By the latter part of that century, the various peoples of Zambia were largely established in the areas they currently occupy. Except for an occasional Portuguese explorer, the area lay untouched by Europeans for centuries. After the mid-19th century, it was penetrated by Western explorers, missionaries, and traders. David Livingstone, in 1855, was the first European to see the magnificent waterfalls on the Zambezi River. He named the falls after Queen Victoria, and the Zambian town near the falls is named after him. In 1888, Cecil Rhodes, spearheading British commercial and political interests in Central Africa, obtained a mineral rights concession from local chiefs. In the same year, Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively) were proclaimed a British sphere of influence. Southern Rhodesia was annexed formally and granted self-government in 1923, and the administration of Northern Rhodesia was transferred to the British colonial office in 1924 as a protectorate.
Metro Chicago - Zambia Information Zambia is a landlocked country in south-central africa. and a small numberof people practice indigenous beliefs exclusive of world religions. http://www.worldvision.org/worldvision/wvususfo.nsf/stable/metro_chicago_zambia_
Extractions: Zambia is a land-locked country in south-central Africa. It covers 290,583 square miles, which makes it slightly larger than Texas. The plateau on which Zambia lies rises from 3,000 ft to 5,000 ft above sea level. Except for the capital, the most populous cities congregate in a region known as the Copperbelt. The Copperbelt lies along the northern border where the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) nearly bisects Zambia. The famous Victoria Falls are near Livingstone on the southern border. In the north stand the Muchinga Mountains. The country shares lakes with Congo, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Three large rivers, the Zambezi, Luangwa, and Kafue, flow through the country. The cool, dry season is from April to August; the hot, dry season runs from August to October or Novermber; the warm, rainy season is from November to April. The northwest receives the longest and heaviest rainfall.
Africa English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars South africaIndex africa 54 countries, over 1000 languages, 797 million people http://members.tripod.com/the_english_dept/africa.html
Extractions: Speaking Countries) Last updated domingo 21 abril, 2002 19:12 [back to the top] Thanks to Mooney's Mini Flags Country Capital Language Botswana Gaborone English, Setswana Cameroon Yaonde English, French + 24 major African language groups The Gambia Banjul English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Ghana Accra English, African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Kenya Nairobi English , Kiswahili , numerous indigenous languages
THE MAJOR TRIBES The Lozi migrated into Western Zambia from the Luba lunda Kingdom of Mwata Yamvwa people and the Arabs, Chinese and Indians on the East coast of africa. http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/tribes.htm
Extractions: TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES With over 70 different tribes in Zambia, there is wide cultural diversity. Interestingly enough however, it is one of the few countries in Africa with very little tribal animosity, and the existence of so many tribes has proved less of a political problem than in many other African states. The Main tribes are the Lozi, the Bemba, the Ngoni, the Tonga, the Luvale and the Kaonde. The Lozi The Lozi migrated into Western Zambia from the Luba Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Yamvwa in Zaire, which was one of the greatest central African Chieftainships in the 17th and 18th Century. After some centuries they were conquered by the Makalolo from the South, fleeing themselves from the great Zulu conqueror, Shaka. They left their language, Sikololo as the lingua franca of the Barotse plains and imposed much of their cultural tradition on the area. The Lozi people eventually rose up against them in 1864 and all but annihilated them. Their Chief is called the Litunga and they are essentially cattlemen. Every year they migrate to higher ground above the barotse flodplains of the Zambezi in a grand ceremony called the Kuomboka. The Ngoni The Tonga Among the most numerous in Zambia, archaeological evidence proves their existence for at least 900 years in the Southern province. Six centuries ago, one of the areas where they now live, the Zambezi Valley, was a flourishing trade centre. Here there was brisk trade between the valley people and the Arabs, Chinese and Indians on the East coast of Africa.. One form of currency used was a copper ingot cast in the form of a cross.
Active Travel - Specialists In Asian And African Travel Offer small group travel to people who want to get off the beaten track, People indigenous tribal groups (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, http://www.activeco.co.nz/africa/about_africa.shtml
A Look At The Past Zambia s indigenous people, began half a million years ago. Hundreds ofyears ago, when Bantuspeaking people from northern africa began to migrate http://cp.settlement.org/english/zambia/alook.html
Extractions: A L OOK AT THE P AST A rchaeologists believe that the history of the San, Zambia's indigenous people, began half a million years ago. The San were nomadic hunters. Hundreds of years ago, when Bantu-speaking people from northern Africa began to migrate into Zambia, the San retreated into the forested areas. T he Bantu-speaking people developed different cultures. Some raised cattle, some fished or grew crops, and some mined copper. By the middle of the 18th century, many of Zambia's largest tribal groups, including the Bemba, Lunda, Lozi and Ngoni, had established territories. O riginally, traders from other countries came to Zambia to buy copper and ivory. But in the 18th and 19th centuries, Portuguese and Arab traders came to buy or capture people for the slave trade. Some tribal chiefs sold prisoners that they had taken during wars with neighbouring kingdoms to the slave traders. Other chiefs opposed this practice. I n the mid-19th century, David Livingstone, a British missionary, became the first English-speaking person to explore Zambia. In the 1880s, Cecil Rhodes convinced the British government to give his British South Africa Company the right to stake mining claims in Zambia. Through manipulation and force, he made the African chiefs sign treaties that gave the company control of their territory. He called the territory Rhodesia. Did you know?
TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents Other groups include Chokwe (or lunda), Ganguela, NhanecaHumbe, Ambo, In addition, mixed racial (European and africa) people amount to about 2%, http://www.traveldocs.com/ao/people.htm
Extractions: Angola has three main ethnic groups, each speaking a Bantu language: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, and Bakongo, 13%. Other groups include Chokwe (or Lunda), Ganguela, Nhaneca-Humbe, Ambo, Herero, and Xindunga. In addition, mixed racial (European and Africa) people amount to about 2%, with a small (1%) population of whites, mainly ethnically Portuguese. Portuguese make up the largest non-Angolan population, with at least 30,000 (though many native-born Angolans can claim Portuguese nationality under Portuguese law). Portuguese is both the official and predominant language. Nationality: Noun and adjectiveAngolan(s).
Inter-Church Coalition On Africa (Canada) - Title through Angola, meeting people of the lunda, Umbundu and Congo kingdoms. Because policy is lacking on Angola, for example CIDAs africa and Middle http://www.web.net/~iccaf/humanrights/angolainfo/bangolaforum0901.htm
Extractions: by Jim Kirkwood and John Van Mossel Introduction: Canada and Angola are both former colonies, Angola of the Portuguese; Canada of the French and British. By contrast, there are not many Angolans in Canada; immigration is difficult especially for refugees. A number of journalists have fled here as refugees. Many have done well here as students and workers. Hon. George Chikoti is an example. The Angolan expatriate community, being small, and often politically divided, makes popular support among Canadians harder to mobilize. 1. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIPS: Canada, like Portugal, is a member of NATO. During the independence struggles in Africa after the Second World War, Canada supported Portugal and the other colonial powers until "5 minutes to midnight" of the hand-over to African government. Indeed with Portugal, even after midnight! Just 2 weeks ago in the Toronto Globe and Mail Column `News from 25 years ago today this item appeared: "In September 1976, "Canada signed an agreement with Portugal allowing Canadian troops in West Germany to train Portuguese units" Sept 12, 2001. Canada recognised the new state of Angola in 1977. Responsibility for Angola was lodged with the Embassy in Nigeria, until the mid-80's, when responsibility was shifted to the Canadian High Commission in Harare, where it still resides.
CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- Field Listing - Languages note there are a total of about 16 indigenous languages, of which Tetum, africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages http://www.faqs.org/docs/factbook/fields/2098.html
Extractions: Country Languages (%) Afghanistan Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism Albania Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects American Samoa Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English note: most people are bilingual Andorra Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Anguilla English (official) Antigua and Barbuda English (official), local dialects Argentina Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French Armenia Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2% Aruba Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish Australia English, native languages Austria German Azerbaijan Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) Bahamas, The
WFP Each will be broadcast in English and seven indigenous languages on both national Adopting a similar format to that used by the successful South African http://www.wfp.org/newsroom/in_depth/africa/011203_zambia_radio.html
Extractions: Amake Tofie , a small-scale farmer with a slight drinking problem, and Ba Estelleh, a housewife who looks after the orphans of her daughter who has died from HIV/AIDS, are household names in Zambia, thanks to a WFP-supported radio soap opera highlighting risks to food security. Lusaka , 22 December 2003 - 'Ichi chalo' , a phrase in the indigenous Bemba language, is being heard more and more frequently in Zambia. Literally translated, 'ichi chalo' means 'this world in which we live'. But, for the growing number of Zambians struggling against food shortages, it has become a common way of referring to their daily battle to feed themselves and their families.
CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Languages note in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/fields/2098.html
Extractions: Country Languages (%) Afghanistan Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism Akrotiri English, Greek Albania Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects American Samoa Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2% note: most people are bilingual (2000 census) Andorra Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Anguilla English (official) Antigua and Barbuda English (official), local dialects Argentina Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French Armenia Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census) Aruba Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish
Zambia - People Christian 50%75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1% Kaonda,Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages http://www.exxun.com/Zambia/c_pp.html
Extractions: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.) Population density:
