Extractions: Zaire Zaire The wide variety of African indigenous beliefs and practices makes generalizations difficult, but some commonalities may nonetheless be noted. In general, Zairians believe themselves to be subject to a number of unseen agents and forces. Most indigenous communities recognize a high god, and many attribute to him the role of creator; otherwise, he has few specific characteristics beyond that of ultimate cause. Far more significant are ancestors, who are believed to continue to play a part in community life long after their death. In general, the living are required to speak respectfully of ancestors and to observe certain rites of respect so that the dead will look favorably on their descendants' activities. Africans do not engage in ancestor "worship;" rather, the living address and relate to their deceased elders in much the same way that they relate to their living ones. Often the terms of address and the gifts given to placate a dead elder are identical to those accorded a living one. Nature spirits live in particular places, such as rivers, rocks, trees, or pools, or in natural forces such as wind and lightning. A typical practice involving a nature spirit in much of northern Zaire is the commonplace tossing of a red item (palm nut, cloth, matches, etc.) in a river before crossing it, particularly in places where the water is rough or turbulent. Thus placated, the spirit will refrain from stirring up the waters or overturning the boat.
Extractions: See also Eastern Africa Guinea Coast Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan The British ban on the international slave trade and the development of Arab-Swahili caravan routes from eastern Africa shifts the trade in slaves to the east. In western Central Africa, heightened demand for local African products such as ivory, wax, and rubber allows previously subjugated or isolated peoples such as the Chokwe to rise to economic prominence and displace traditional powers such as the far-flung Lunda and Luba states . Further east, the Arab-Swahili trade also deprives these polities of the trade on which they are dependent. The emergence of numerous small-scale chiefdoms results in the production of new forms of ornate and luxurious courtly arts across Central Africa. Elsewhere, extended periods of migration in present-day Gabon and political consolidation in modern Cameroon lead to the development of new forms of funerary and courtly art. The European partition of Africa in 1884 provides state support for German, Belgian, English, and Portuguese expeditions into Central Africa that supply newly created ethnographic museums and geographic societies with specimens of material culture from the region.
African Masks African peoples often symbolize death by the colour white rather than Having conquered the indigenous peoples, the lunda gradually assimilated with them http://www.vub.ac.be/BIBLIO/nieuwenhuysen/african-art/african-art-collection-mas
Extractions: (of variable age, artistic quality, and degree of authenticity) Many African societies see masks as mediators between the living world and the supernatural world of the dead, ancestors and other entities. Masks became and still become the attribute of a dressed up dancer who gave it life and word at the time of ceremonies. The sculptor begins by cutting a piece of wood and leaving it to dry in the sun; if it cracks, it cannot be used for a mask. African sculptors see wood as a complex living material and believe each piece can add its own feature to their work. Having made certain the wood is suitable, the sculptor begins, using an azde to carve the main features, a chisel to work on details and a rough leaf to sand the piece.
Extractions: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 46.1% (male 2,419,361; female 2,401,538) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 132,166; female 157,842) (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 1.47% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 38.99 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 24.35 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Congo - A Look At The Past The indigenous peoples in Congo were forest dwellers. the first millenniumAD, Bantuspeaking peoples established themselves throughout Central africa. http://cp.settlement.org/english/congo/alook.html
Extractions: A L OOK AT THE P AST T he indigenous peoples in Congo were forest dwellers. Their descendants, primarily members of the Efe and Mbuti tribes, still live as hunters and gatherers in the northern Ituri forest. Late in the first millennium A.D., Bantu-speaking peoples established themselves throughout Central Africa. Their culture was based on ironworking and agriculture, and they largely displaced the indigenous peoples. B y the 15th century, several kingdoms had developed in the area, including Kongo, Kuba, Luba and Lunda. When the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cam reached the mouth of the Congo River in 1482, he discovered that the coastal kingdoms were capturing people from nearby areas and sending them to work as slaves in Saudi Arabia. Over the next few centuries, Portuguese and French traders enslaved millions of Africans, and sent them to work on plantations in North and South America. The slave trade was abolished in 1885. I n 1878, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Anglo-American explorer Henry Morton Stanley to establish outposts along the Congo River. Leopold persuaded other European rulers to recognize Congo as his personal territory, which he named the Congo Free State. D uring Leopold's reign, the Congolese were brutally treated. They were forced to build a railroad and collect ivory and rubber. As many as 10 million Congolese died between 1880 and 1910. When news of the atrocities became public in 1908, the Belgian government took control of the colony and renamed it the Belgian Congo. Although the Belgian government improved working conditions slightly, it too was a harsh ruler and continued to extract natural resources. For years, the Congolese struggled to achieve independence.
Encyclopedia Of African History Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadic Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa alMaghili http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/thematic.html
Encyclopedia Of African History Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadicpeoples Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/azentries.html
Black History the musical sounds and practices of all indigenous peoples of africa, includingthe Berber in the Sahara and the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoin (Hottentot) in http://search.eb.com/Blackhistory/article.do?nKeyValue=384735
Untitled Document Spain, and the indigenous peoples of the American colonial territories. Analyze ways in which the Depression affected colonial peoples of africa and http://www.bhsonline.org/library/wdetworldhq.htm
Angola: Map, History And Much More From Answers.com Bantuspeaking peoples from West africa arrived in the region in the 13th The Ba-lunda inhabit the lunda district. Along the upper Kunene and in other http://www.answers.com/topic/angola
Extractions: showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Government ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Map Local Time Geography Dialing Code Currency Stats Anthem Recipes WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Angola Dictionary (Click to enlarge) Angola (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) An·go·la Äng-gÅ lÉ, Än- A country of southwest Africa bordering on the Atlantic Ocean. Previously settled by Bantu-speaking people, the region was colonized by the Portuguese beginning in the 16th century and became an overseas province in 1951. The country achieved independence in 1975, but factional fighting broke out, which elections in 1992 failed to end. Luanda is the capital and the largest city. Population: 10,900,000 . An·go lan var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Encyclopedia Angola Äng-gÅ lÉ ) , officially Republic of Angola (1994 est. pop. 11,200,000), including the exclave of Cabinda , 481,351 sq mi (1,246,700 sq km), SW Africa. Angola is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, by Congo (Kinshasa) on the north and northeast, by Zambia on the east, and by Namibia on the south. Luanda is the capital, largest city, and chief port.
CIA - The World Factbook -- Zambia The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South africa Company lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/za.html
Extractions: Select a Country or Location World Afghanistan Akrotiri Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dhekelia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The
National History Standards - Era 1 Economic, political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of africa, Europe, Evaluate the interplay of indigenous Indian, Persian, and European http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/standards/worldera6.html
Extractions: The Iberian voyages of the late 15th and early 16th centuries linked not only Europe with the Americas but laid down a communications net that ultimately joined every region of the world with every other region. As the era progressed ships became safer, bigger, and faster, and the volume of world commerce soared. The web of overland roads and trails expanded as well to carry goods and people in and out of the interior regions of Eurasia, Africa, and the American continents. The demographic, social, and cultural consequences of this great global link-up were immense. The deep transformations that occurred in the world during this era may be set in the context of three overarching patterns of change.
::. Consortium For Southern Africa Food Security Emergency .:: HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS, 870000 (1999 est.) Kaonda, Lozi,lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages http://www.c-safe.org/country_data/content_country_zambia.htm
Extractions: border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km Coastline: km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) Terrain: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains Elevation extremes: lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m
Publishing Contradiction and Ambiguity in Ruwund (lunda) Symbolic Thought of OwnershipClaims Over Natural Resources by indigenous peoples in Papua New Guinea, http://www.seankingston.co.uk/pubframe.html
Extractions: Teaching and Doctoral Research Sean Kingston Publishing is a new and alternative outlet for high quality academic texts within the social sciences, particularly anthropology. Utilising the latest print-on-demand (POD) technology enables print and distribution on both sides of the Atlantic, and makes viable profits on titles less efficient companies would regard as uncommercial. The publisher takes a personal interest in all books accepted for publication, and believes in close liaison with authors. In providing a straightforward but rigorous avenue to publication, Sean Kingston Publishing hopes to address the needs of anthropology and its allied disciplines, which are increasingly overlooked by many of the larger publishers. Elisabeth Hsu and Doreen Montag Medical Anthropology is the fastest growing field in anthropology. Over the last three decades it has developed a strong academic and applied importance, both in North America and Europe. This has led to the establishment of a specific degree in medical anthropology at some universities, and to a specialization within general anthropological teaching or within the medical curriculum at others.
BHHS Hall Of Fame - Lunda Hoyle Gill lunda has shared a shower with a poisonous momba snake in africa; the Kikuyu,Masai, and other tribes of africa; the indigenous people of Fiji, Hawaii, http://bhhs.beverlyhills.k12.ca.us/alums/hall/famers/gill.htm
Goldsmith: Ethnocracy: The Lesson From Africa. Thus the South West africa peoples Organisation (SWAPO), the Angolan territoryis that of the Chokwelunda, whose ancestors created the lunda Empire. http://www.edwardgoldsmith.com/page112.html
Extractions: Edward Goldsmith Writer, philosopher, ecological visionary Applied ecology Book reviews Books Broadcasts ... Water, dams, irrigation Select subject... Applied ecology Corporate power Cosmic religion (De-)development Economics Environmental destruction Evolution Feeding the world Global climate Global institutions The Way Health Opposing industrialism Reconsidering science Society Theoretical ecology Traditional agriculture Trees and forests War Water, dams, irrigation Ecologist archive This controversial article sets out the roots of Africa's continuing wars, strife and poverty as the outcome of the colonial powers' creation of artificial borders that defy ethnic and religious boundaries. Now frozen in the modern nations of Africa, these boundaries combined with the tribalisation of politics have created a mess from which it will be near impossible for Africa to emerge. But the federal system of Germany and the Cantons of Switzerland offer a model for a more peaceful and secure future. Published in The Ecologist Vol. 10 No. 4, April / May 1980.
Behind The Mask BEHIND THE MASK a website on gay and lesbian affairs in africa Kaonda, Lozi,lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages http://www.mask.org.za/SECTIONS/AfricaPerCountry/ABC/zambia/zambia_index.html
Extractions: The Penal code of Zambia Cap 87 Section 157 Any male person who whether in public or in private commits any act of gross indecency with another male person or procures another male person to commit any act of gross indecency with him or attempts to procure the commission of any such act by any male person with himself or with another male person whether in public or in private is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for five years. [as amended by no 26. of 1933]
Zambia Principal source South africa 65.1 (2001) Arable land 7.1 (2000 est) 16th century Immigration of peoples from Luba and lunda Empires of Zaire, http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/countryfacts/zambia.html
Extractions: GOVERNMENT Head of state and government Levy Mwanawasa from 2002 Political system emergent democracy Political executive limited presidency Administrative divisions nine provinces Political parties United National Independence Party (UNIP), African socialist; Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), moderate, left of centre; Multiracial Party (MRP), moderate, left of centre, multiracial; National Democratic Alliance (NADA), left of centre; Democratic Party (DP), left of centre Armed forces 21,600; plus paramilitary forces of 1,400 (2002 est)
Zambia Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages Zambia, a landlocked country in southcentral africa, is about one-tenth http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108165.html
Extractions: World Countries Infoplease Atlas: Zambia Republic of Zambia President: Levy Mwanawasa (2002) Area: 290,584 sq mi (752,614 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 11,261,795 (growth rate: 2.1%); birth rate: 41.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 88.3/1000; life expectancy: 39.7; density per sq mi: 39 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Lusaka, 1,773,300 (metro. area), 1,265,000 (city proper) Other large cities: Ndola, 349,300; Kitwe, 306,200; Kabwe, 219,600, Chingola, 151,100 Monetary unit: Kwacha Languages: English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages Ethnicity/race: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Extractions: view this site in Microsoft Authorized Education Reseller, call for quotes Home Help Contact Us Privacy ... Checkout Super Bargains Computers / Notebooks Dictionary ESL-English as Second Language Games Gift Items! Handheld Dictionary Karaoke Keyboard Stickers Keyboards Kids Learn Microsoft Office Microsoft Windows Movies/Videos Software - Mac Software - Windows Spell Checking Translation More... Zimbabwe
