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Laos History:     more books (100)

War in Laos, 1954-1975 - Vietnam Studies Group series (6063) by Kenneth Conboy, 1994-04 The Royal Lao Army and U.S. Army advice and support (Indochina monographs) by Oudone Sananikone, 1984 Laos: Culture and Society Lâo-Tsze, the great thinker: with a translation of his thoughts on the nature and manifestations of God by George Gardiner Alexander, Lao-tzu Lao-tzu, 2010-08-04 Laos: Laos a New Guide (Pallas Guides) by Dawn Ellis, Tom Butcher, 1995-08 Apprentice Revolutionaries: The Communist Movement in Laos, 1930-1985 (Hoover Institution Press Publication) by Macalister Brown, Joseph Jermiah Zasloff, 1986-02 Laos (Marxist Regimes) by Martin Stuart-Fox, 1986-12-31 Inconstancy of the Eternity: Lao-Zi: Myth, Man and His Book (Russian Oriental Studies) by Aleksander A. Maslov, 1999-08 Contemporary Laos: Studies in the Politics and Society of the Lao People's Democratic Republic Laos: From Buffer State to Crossroads? (Mekong Press) by Ruth Banomyong, 2007-02-15 The Key to Failure: Laos and the Vietnam War by Norman B. Hannah, 1987-11-25 Codename Mule: Fighting the Secret War in Laos for the CIA (Naval Institute Special Warfare Series) by James E. Parker Jr., 1995-07 Sixteen Years in the Land of Death: Revolution and Reeducation in Laos. by NAKHONKHAM: BOUPHANOUVONG, 2003 CIA Betrayal and Deceit in Laos by Freddie Rice, 2004-02

lists with details

61. World History Archives: Southeast Asia, Laos
    Information from soc.history.war.vietnam on the bombing raids on laos. An appeal to the world community to support laos in defense of her national identity,  
    http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54/index-c.html
    
    Extractions: Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. History of Southeast Asia in general World Bank president urged to halt Transfield dam in Laos From International Rivers Network, AID/Watch media release, 29 September, 1997.

62. New Laotians Titles
    Breaking new ground in Lao history essays on the seventh to twentieth centuries / edited A short history of laos the land in between / Grant Evans.  
    http://www.lib.umich.edu/area/Southeast.Asia/new_laos_titles.htm
    
    Extractions: FadeInStep=20; FadeOutStep=5; JSFX.Rollover("brunei","images/Brunei/Brunei_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("cambodia","images/Cambodia/Cambodia_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("indonesia","images/Indonesia/Indonesia_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("laos","images/Laos/Laos_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("malaysia","images/Malaysia/Malaysia_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("mayanmar","images/Mayanmar/Mayanmar_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("philippines","images/Philippines/Philippines_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("singapore","images/Singapore/Singapore_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("thailand","images/Thailand/Thailand_flag.jpg"); JSFX.Rollover("vietnam","images/Vietnam/Vietnam_flag.jpg"); New Laotians Titles Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia ... Vietnam Folk literature Laos History and criticism. ix, 276 p. ; 21 cm. Krung Thep : Khrongkan Phoiphrae Phonngan Wichakan, Khana Aksonrasat, Chulalongkonmahawitthayalai,c2545 [2002] Mirlyn call no. GR 311 .C33 2002

63. 1Up Travel : Laos - History And Culture Of Laos.
    Seek info on history and culture in laos. The country laos has long been occupied by migrating Thais (including Shans, Siamese and Lao) and slash-and-burn  
    http://www.1uptravel.com/international/asia/laos/history-culture.html
    
    Extractions: Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military

64. Laos - Facts About Laos Including Map And Flag Images
    Maps,Flags,history,Geography,Economics WorldAtlas. http//www.world-atlas.net laos - history,Geography and Economic information  
    http://www.world-atlas.net/Laos
    
    Extractions: A B C D ... Laos Laos Introduction Laos Background: In 1975, the Communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy. Initial closer ties to Vietnam and socialization were replaced with a gradual return to private enterprise, an easing of foreign investment laws, and the admission into ASEAN in 1997. Geography Laos Location: Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam Geographic coordinates: 18 00 N, 105 00 E Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total: 236,800 sq km

65. Country Study Laos Social Studies
    Country Profile laos A general overview including history, laos A guide to law, constitution/s, legal history, international agreements and more.  
    http://www.archaeolink.com/country_of_laos_people_history_c.htm
    
    Extractions: Laos People History Culture Home Afghanistan Social Studies Albania Social Studies Algeria Social Studies ... Vietnam Social Studies You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations Laos Tourism Please Note: If you sometimes get an error message when clicking on a large text link, don't give up. Try the URL link instead. There are times when the large text link doesn't "take" for some reason, thus the built-in redundancy. Thank you. CIA - The World Factbook Laos _ A detailed look at Laos including history, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics. - From US Central Intelligence Agency - http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/la.html Colleges and Universities - Laos List (1) of schools including direct contact links. - From Robert-Jan Bulter - http://www.bulter.nl/universities/la.html Country Profile: Laos A general overview including history, political structure, culture, leaders, media, and more. "Laos is one of the few remaining communist states in the world. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Laos has struggled to find its position within a rapidly changing political landscape." - illustrated - From BBC - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1154621.stm

66. History Of Laos
    Provides a history of laos from 1353 to the present.  
    http://www.historyofnations.net/asia/laos.html
    
    Extractions: Laos traces its first recorded history and its origins as a unified state to the emergence of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, "million elephants") in 1353. Under the rule of King Fa Ngum, the wealthy and mighty kingdom covered much of what today is Thailand and Laos. His successors, especially King Setthathirat in the 16th century, helped establish Buddhism as the predominant religion of the country. By the 17th century, the kingdom of Lan Xang entered a period of decline marked by dynastic struggle and conflicts with its neighbors. In the late 18th century, the Siamese (Thai) established hegemony over much of what is now Laos. The region was divided into principalities centered on Luang Prabang in the north, Vientiane in the center, and Champassak in the south. Following their colonization of Vietnam, the French supplanted the Siamese and began to integrate all of Laos into the French empire. The Franco-Siamese treaty of 1907 defined the present Lao boundary with Thailand. During World War II, the Japanese occupied French Indochina, including Laos. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Prabang was induced to declare independence from France in 1945, just prior to Japan's surrender. During this period, nationalist sentiment grew. In September 1945, Vientiane and Champassak united with Luang Prabang to form an independent government under the Free Laos (Lao Issara) banner. The movement, however, was short-lived. By early 1946, French troops reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos following elections for a constituent assembly.

67. Background Information - Hmong And Lao People
    Hmong and Lao People Political history. Between 1893 and 1954, the French government controlled laos. During this period, Hmong and Lao people served  
    http://www.laohumrights.org/laodoc01.html
    
    Extractions: Hmong and Lao People The era of 1863 to 1954 was the Period of the French Indochina Empire. Between 1893 and 1954, the French government controlled Laos. During this period, Hmong and Lao people served in the French Army fighting against the communist threat of expansion in Indochina. After the Geneva Conference on Indochina of 1954 , the French withdrew from Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. From 1955 to 1975 was the Period of the Second Indochina War , or the Vietnam War. The U.S. government recruited Hmong and Lao people to fight this war. The purpose of U.S. foreign policy toward Indochina was to defend and protect peace, freedom, democracy, and independence for Indochina, Thailand and Southeast Asia, and to protect the national security interests of the United States and the rest of the free world from the communist threat and expansion. In 1975, in accordance with the Paris Peace Agreement on Indochina of January 27, 1973 , the United States withdrew its troops and advisers from Laos, South Vietnam and Cambodia. The North Vietnamese government, however, took over South Vietnam by invasion with armed forces. The Khmer Rouge regime took over Cambodia. Then the communist Pathet Lao movement, financed and supported by the North Vietnamese and Russian governments, took over Laos by invasion with armed forces and formed the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

68. Laos Arts And Humanities History
    laos Arts and Humanities history, laos Arts and Humanities history homepage, laos Arts and Humanities history web, laos Arts and Humanities  
    http://search.asiaco.com/Laos/Arts_and_Humanities/History/

69. Laos: Map, History And Much More From Answers.com
    (Click to enlarge) laos (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) La·os ( lous, la os ) A country of southeast Asia.  
    http://www.answers.com/topic/laos
    
    Extractions: showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Government ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Map Local Time Geography Dialing Code Stats Anthem WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Laos Dictionary (Click to enlarge) Laos (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) La·os lous, lā ŏs A country of southeast Asia. Originally part of the Khmer Empire, the region became a powerful Lao kingdom (14th–15th century) and was later incorporated into French Indochina in 1893. Laos gained its independence in 1953, but a Communist uprising soon drew the country into a civil war, and a Communist state was established in 1975. Vientiane is the capital and the largest city. Population: 6,060,000 . var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Encyclopedia Laos l¤ ōs ) , officially Lao People's Democratic Republic, republic (1995 est. pop. 4,250,000), 91,428 sq mi (236,800 sq km), SE Asia. A landlocked region, Laos is bordered by China on the north, by Vietnam on the east, by Cambodia on the south, and by Thailand and Myanmar on the west. The capital and largest city is Vientiane . The country is divided into 16 provinces. Land and People In general, the Mekong River, most of which flows in a broad valley, forms the boundaries with Myanmar and Thailand. For two stretches, however—one greater than 300 mi (480 km)—the Mekong flows entirely through the territory of Laos. Except for the Mekong lowlands and three major plateaus, the terrain of Laos is rugged, mountainous, and heavily forested; jagged crests in the north tower over 9,000 ft (2,740 m). In addition to the capital, important cities include Savannaket, Pakse, and

70. Lao White Water Rafting Tours: Kayaking Adventure In Laos
    The history of laos scheduled trips in laos. The wide Mekong River separates Thailand and laos, but the separate quality of laos has to be experienced.  
    http://laosadventure.com/overview.htm
    
    Extractions: Inquiries An Overview of Laos The Annamite mountains dash down the eastern side of Laos forming a natural physical boundary with Vietnam. The historical Mekong River outlines the boundary between Laos and Thailand. China shares a border on the far northern reaches, as does Burma. Cambodia borders the most southern end. Being completely landlocked has had a deep-seated effect on Laos' history. Most of the cultivation occurs on the lowland plains of the Mekong. A conduit for trade and transport, the Mekong river is an integral part of Laos' history. The two high plateau , the Boloven (named after the Laven tribe - Bolaven means 'place of the Laven') and the Plain of Jars, are verdant grasslands which are currently mark with plantations of coffee and fruit. Laos, fortunately, remains forested over much of it's area, though there are vast regions up north that have been slashed and burned for tribal agriculture. Logging is a big problem (just like everywhere else in the world). Sadly, Thailand's hunger for hardwood has contributed much to the destruction of much of Laos' jungles. The rainy season runs from about mid April through October. The hottest times of the year are from March onwards until the rains cool things down. November to March is cooler. The skies are normally blue. In the northern regions, it gets rather chilly in the evenings.

71. Laos : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library Of Congress
    Early history Power Centers in the Middle Mekong Valley Mongol Influence The Third Coalition and the Lao People s Democratic Republic  
    http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html
    
    Extractions: The Library of Congress Especially for Researchers Research Centers Home ... Country Studies Laos Find in Federal Research Division Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages Library of Congress Call Number Laos Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Search Database Choose a Country Study Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belize Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Colombia Caribbean Islands Comoros Cyprus Czechoslovakia (Former) Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Germany (East) Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Laos Lebanon Libya Lithuania Macau Madagascar Maldives Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria North Korea Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia South Africa South Korea Soviet Union (Former) Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan Turkey Uganda United Arab Emirates Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yugoslavia (Former) Zaire (Former)

72. The History Guy: The Hmong Rebellion In Laos (1975-Present)
    A brief description of the hidden war conducted in laos between the Pathet Lao government and the Hmong mountain tribes since 1975.  
    http://www.historyguy.com/hmong_rebellion_in_laos.html
    
    Extractions: The History Guy: The Hmong Rebellion in Laos (1975-Present) Home Military History Historical Personalities Email ... About Us Please use this page to locate information on the conflict in Laos. In the future, content will be added to this page. If you encounter any bad links, please email . Thanks! The conflict which most Americans know as The Vietnam War, also included civil wars in the neighboring nations of Laos and Cambodia. In both of these Southeast Asian countries, Communist forces overthrew the governments after long and bloody warfare. In Laos, an ethnic group known as the Hmong continued to fight against the forces of the new Communist government and its allies from Vietnam. This little-known war continues to this day. During America's long and painful time in Vietnam, the U.S. government recruited many Hmong into a secret army trained and armed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Following the fall of Saigon and America's desire to forget about our unsuccessful war in Indochina, U.S. aid to the Hmong ended, and they were left to deal with the Communist Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese on their own. They have resisted ever since. Below are some links to other sites with information on this war. More content will be added to this page in the future.

73. The History Guy: Thailand-Laos Border War 1987-1988
    A description of the brief border conflict between Thailand and laos in 1987 and 1988.  
    http://www.historyguy.com/thai_laos_border_war_87.html
    
    Extractions: Flag of Thailand The History Guy: Thailand-Laos Border War Flag of Laos Home Military History Historical Personalities Email ... Site Map Web www.historyguy.com Brief Summary Page Menu Click on the menu bar below to navigate this page. Name of Conflict Belligerents Conflict Dates Conflict Type ... Links NAME OF CONFLICT: Thailand-Laos Border War ALTERNATE NAMES FOR CONFLICT: BELLIGERENTS: Thailand vs. Laos DATES OF CONFLICT: BEGAN: December, 1987 ENDED: February 19, 1988 TYPE(S) OF CONFLICT: Border War RELATED CONFLICTS: PREDECESSOR: (Related conflicts that occurred before) Thai-Laotian Border Clashes (1980) Thai-Laotian Border Clashes (1984) CONCURRENT: (Related conflicts occurring at the same time) SUCCESSOR: (Related conflicts that occur later) CAUSES OF CONFLICT: In 1907, France (the colonial ruler of Laos), and Thailand (then known as Siam), signed a border treaty which later caused a dispute over the ownership of some border villages. Shooting broke out in 1984 over possession of three villages. Another cause of tension between the two Southeast Asian neighbors was the ongoing

74. Background Information - Hmong And Lao People
    Political history of the Hmong and Lao People. Between 1893 and 1954, the French government controlled laos. During this period, Hmong and Lao people  
    http://home.earthlink.net/~laohumrights/laodoc01.html
    
    Extractions: Hmong and Lao People The era of 1863 to 1954 was the Period of the French Indochina Empire. Between 1893 and 1954, the French government controlled Laos. During this period, Hmong and Lao people served in the French Army fighting against the communist threat of expansion in Indochina. After the Geneva Conference on Indochina of 1954 , the French withdrew from Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. From 1955 to 1975 was the Period of the Second Indochina War , or the Vietnam War. The U.S. government recruited Hmong and Lao people to fight this war. The purpose of U.S. foreign policy toward Indochina was to defend and protect peace, freedom, democracy, and independence for Indochina, Thailand and Southeast Asia, and to protect the national security interests of the United States and the rest of the free world from the communist threat and expansion. In 1975, in accordance with the Paris Peace Agreement on Indochina of January 27, 1973 , the United States withdrew its troops and advisers from Laos, South Vietnam and Cambodia. The North Vietnamese government, however, took over South Vietnam by invasion with armed forces. The Khmer Rouge regime took over Cambodia. Then the communist Pathet Lao movement, financed and supported by the North Vietnamese and Russian governments, took over Laos by invasion with armed forces and formed the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

75. Asianventure Tours - Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar & Yunnan Tour Pa
    laos package tours is all focusing on culture history landscape people of laos. cambodia tour operator Travel in Cambodia with professional Cambodia travel  
    http://www.asianventure.com/
    
    Extractions: Travel Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand , Myanmar and Yunnan with Asianventure Tours EXPLORE ASIA, DO IT IN STYLE The Mekong River begins its life in Tibet- China and travels 4500 km through Myanmar , Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam before flowing into the South China Sea. The river creates a land of magnificent natural sight, beautiful coastline, diverse cultures, intriguing history and villages unchanged for centuries. Join ASIANVENTURE TOURS for a special exploration of Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar and Yunnan as well as an opportunity to relax and enjoy yourself. TRAVEL TRADE Tour operator/ Travel agent register Profile Hot News Site Map ... Contact Us The website designed by Asianventure Tours and last updated on Tuesday, 29 Asianventure Tours Co. LTD

76. WHKMLA : History Of Laos, 1954-1975
    EXTERNAL FILES, laos, history of, from Infoplease Library of Congress, Country Studies laos. DOCUMENTS, Indochina Agreement on the Cessation of  
    http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/seasia/laos195475.html
    
    Extractions: The GENEVA CONFERENCE in July 1954 determined that hostilities were to cease immediately and formerly French Indochina was to be partitioned in 4 fully independent states - the Kingdoms of Laos, Cambodia, the Republic of South Vietnam and communist North Vietnam. An INTERNATIONAL CONTROL COMMISSION (officers from Poland, Canada and India) were to observe the withdrawal of Viet Minh forces and the demobilization of PATHET LAO forces in the provinces controlled by them. However, talks over the issue broke down and the Pathet Lao did not participate in future elections. In 1955 Laos was admitted member of the UNITED NATIONS. Meanwhile, the United States, worried about the DOMINO EFFECT, got involved in Laos; the US government paid the salaries of the entire Royal Laotian Army. In 1958 negotiations had resulted in reconciliation between government and Pathet Lao; the latter established the LAOTIAN PEOPLE'S FRONT (LPF) as a political party, which was successful beyond expectations at the next elections. In 1959 hostilities again broke out between Pathet Lao forces and government forces; the North Vietnamese soon interfered. North Vietnam established the HO-CHI-MINH-TRAIL on Laotian territory along its border with South Vietnam, in order to supply the Viet Cong rebels in South Vietnam. The LPF members of parliament were arrested. In 1960, army officers (KONG LE) staged a coup d'etat, soon afterward followed by a counter-coup (PHOUMI). This counter-coup turned Laos into a civil war battleground with three parties involved - the communist Pathet Lao, which looked on while the counter coupers expelled Kong Le's forces from the capital. The latter were provided with vital supplies by a Soviet airlift. Kong Le's forces occupied and held on to the Plain of Jars (Luang Prabang).

77. WHKMLA : History Of Laos, 1945-1954
    EXTERNAL FILES, laos, history of, from Infoplease Library of Congress, Country Studies laos. DOCUMENTS, Indochina United States Recognition of Viet-Nam,  
    http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/seasia/laos194554.html
    
    Extractions: Japan surrendered on September 2nd 1945. While Laotian resistance activists hoped for independence, on September 7th the King of Luang Prabang announced the return of French colonial administration; the last Laotian provinces not yet part of his kingdom were annexed and the capital established at Vientiane. Then, in September 1945, Nationalist Chinese troops arrived, allegedly in order to disarm the Japanese. Independence-minded Laotians established the LAO ISSARA (Free Laos) government, which took control of the capital of Vientiane. In April 1946 French forces arrived; the Lao Issara set up a government-in-exile in Bangkok. The Nationalist Chinese troops withdrew to China. In 1946 constitutional changes were implemented in Laos, that included the convocation of a CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY. The status of Laos as a unified kingdom with the capital at Vientiane was confirmed by the French. In 1947 the territories on the right bank of the Mekong ceded to Thailand in 1941 were reintegrated into Laos.

78. Buffalo Tours Vietnam And Cambodia
    laos’ history like neighboring Cambodia and Vietnam is one of colonization and occupation. Some of the countries earliest inhabitants came from China and  
    http://www.buffalotours.com/premier/laos/history.asp
    
    Extractions: Over the next two centuries the Thais sphere of influence steadily grew until Laos became little more than a satellite state. In a rebellion by King Anou in 1827 Vientiane was liberated from the Thais. Towards the end of the 19th century the Thais were forced to give up large parts of their territory, including Laos and Cambodia to France. Lan Xang was renamed Laos and became part of French Indochina. In 1945 the Japanese briefly took control of Laos and when they left later that same year a power vacuum was created. The Lao Issara, or Free Laos movement, led by Prince Phetsareth quickly moved into this breach to declare independence from France. Unfortunately for the Prince, King Sisavang Vong sided with the French and the Prince was forced into exile in Thailand. This resulted in the dissolution of the Lao Issara and the crowning of King Sisavang Vong as King of all Laos in 1946. In the wake of Lao Issara, the Pathet Lao was formed in the northeast of the country. The Pathet Lao received support from the Viet Minh of communist northern Vietnam and continued the struggle for independence. Although France granted Laos sovereignty in 1953, the Pathet Lao was not convinced that government with a constitutional monarch was the answer.

79. A Short History Of Laos
    In the area that is now laos Laotian tribes form in 877 the first Laotian state. Originally Lang Xang includes most of presentday Thailand and laos.  
    http://www.electionworld.org/history/laos.htm
    
    Extractions: In the area that is now Laos Laotian tribes form in 877 the first Laotian state. After the invasion by the Mongols in 1284 this state splits in diverse states. The unity is restored in 1353 by King Fa Ngum, the Kingdom of Lan-Xang (literally, "million elephants") which covered much of what today is Thailand and Laos, is a fact. Originally Lang Xang includes most of present-day Thailand and Laos. Lan-Xang is a feudal state. In 1713 disagreement on the succession of the king led to the division of Lan Xang into Luang Prabang Vientiane and Champasak Siam annexes Vientiane in 1827 and shortly after that is gains sovereignty over Luang Prabang. In 1893 both Vientiane and Luang Prabang are incorporated as Laos into French Indochina During World War II, the Japanese occupy French Indochina, including Laos. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Prabang declares independence from France in 1945, just prior to Japan's surrender. Later that year Vientiane and Champassak unite with Luang Prabang to form an independent Kingdom of Laos . France reoccupies Laps in 1946 and grant limited autonomy to Laos. In 1949 Laos becomes an associated state and in 1954 independence is granted. During the first Indochina war between France and the communist movement in Vietnam, Prince Souphanouvong forms the communist Pathet Lao (Land of Laos). Elections are held in 1955 and the first coalition government, led by Prince Souvanna Phouma, is formed in 1957. The coalition government collapses in 1958, amidst increased polarization of the political process. After an election victory of the Pathet Lao in 1958 royalist stage a coup.

80. Laos The Divine Kingdom This Site Focuses On Laos As A Country
    focuses on laos as a country and a travel destination, including Buddhism, history, people, laos the country. laos the religion. laos the history  
    http://www.laos.co.uk/

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