Brooklyn Museum their role as living legacies for the indigenous peoples of the Americas. kuba artist, early 18th century. Wood. Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with http://users.telenet.be/african-shop/brooklyn_museum.htm
African Masks In a wider sense, kuba art includes the arts of neighbouring peoples whose Having conquered the indigenous peoples, the Lunda gradually assimilated http://www.vub.ac.be/BIBLIO/nieuwenhuysen/african-art/african-art-collection-mas
Extractions: (of variable age, artistic quality, and degree of authenticity) Many African societies see masks as mediators between the living world and the supernatural world of the dead, ancestors and other entities. Masks became and still become the attribute of a dressed up dancer who gave it life and word at the time of ceremonies. The sculptor begins by cutting a piece of wood and leaving it to dry in the sun; if it cracks, it cannot be used for a mask. African sculptors see wood as a complex living material and believe each piece can add its own feature to their work. Having made certain the wood is suitable, the sculptor begins, using an azde to carve the main features, a chisel to work on details and a rough leaf to sand the piece.
Anthropology - Research Papers On - 009-006 indigenous peoples of the Arctic, Subarctic, and Great Basin A 5 page overviewof the kuba masks produced by the kuba people of Zaire. http://www.papers24-7.com/categories/009-006.html
Extractions: 7 pages in length. Discussion of the Yamamao and Pemon tribes inhabiting the rain forests. Their culture, marriage patterns and the problems they are facing with the destruction of the rain forests are all covered in this interesting paper concerning these ancient and primitive peoples. Also includes discussion on recent attempts to civilize these people. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
An A-Z Of African Studies On The Internet Bg6 The Dagara and their Neighbors (Burkina Faso and Ghana) Richard kuba Carola Lentz Henry Bredekamp, Human Rights, Oral History and indigenous peoples http://www.lib.msu.edu/limb/a-z/az_bg6.html
Extractions: GEFAME , a journal to facilitate the exchange of ideas and work among Africa-based scholars and scholars outside the continent of Africa. To be published approximately twice a year, GEFAME, launched in 2005, is a peer reviewed journal. http://www.hti.umich.edu/g/gefame/ Genadendal (South Africa)History
Extractions: Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).
FAF - Preamble Much of the wealth in indigenous africa was of the social type; that is, In kuba society of Zaire, wealth is a powerful means of acquiring prestige, http://freeafrica.org/concept_of_wealth.html
Extractions: The Concept Of Wealth In Traditional Africa George B.N. Ayittey Most lineages in traditional Africa have a "family pot," a general welfare fund managed by the head of the extended family. Income-earning members are obligated to make contributions to this fund. Obligations vary from family to family and tribe to tribe. The contributor in some cases may make a minimum regular payment. In other cases, the contribution may be irregular and based upon financial ability. In some families, contributions may be entirely voluntary for those who no longer live in the village. However, failure to contribute is often interpreted as an abandonment of one's family, which is considered a serious transgression. The offender may be ostracized or caused to forfeit his inheritance rights. However, atonement can often be made with one "large" contribution to cover past arrears. Across Africa, the family pot, called the agbadoho among the Ewe seine fishermen of Ghana, is used for a variety of purposes: to provide the initial start-up capital for a business or trade; to finance the education, hospitalization and the foreign trip of a member of the extended family; to cover funeral expenses; to finance improvement costs to the family land; or to construct new dwellings. The African family pot, not well understood, has also been the source of much confusion and myth. The erroneous corollary was the assumption that there were neither poverty nor rich peasants in pre-colonial Africa. Even the United Nations Regional Department on Social Welfare Policy and Training of the Economic Commission for Africa, succumbed to this myth in 1972:
Congo - A Look At The Past The indigenous peoples in Congo were forest dwellers. the first millenniumAD, Bantuspeaking peoples established themselves throughout Central africa. http://cp.settlement.org/english/congo/alook.html
Extractions: A L OOK AT THE P AST T he indigenous peoples in Congo were forest dwellers. Their descendants, primarily members of the Efe and Mbuti tribes, still live as hunters and gatherers in the northern Ituri forest. Late in the first millennium A.D., Bantu-speaking peoples established themselves throughout Central Africa. Their culture was based on ironworking and agriculture, and they largely displaced the indigenous peoples. B y the 15th century, several kingdoms had developed in the area, including Kongo, Kuba, Luba and Lunda. When the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cam reached the mouth of the Congo River in 1482, he discovered that the coastal kingdoms were capturing people from nearby areas and sending them to work as slaves in Saudi Arabia. Over the next few centuries, Portuguese and French traders enslaved millions of Africans, and sent them to work on plantations in North and South America. The slave trade was abolished in 1885. I n 1878, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Anglo-American explorer Henry Morton Stanley to establish outposts along the Congo River. Leopold persuaded other European rulers to recognize Congo as his personal territory, which he named the Congo Free State. D uring Leopold's reign, the Congolese were brutally treated. They were forced to build a railroad and collect ivory and rubber. As many as 10 million Congolese died between 1880 and 1910. When news of the atrocities became public in 1908, the Belgian government took control of the colony and renamed it the Belgian Congo. Although the Belgian government improved working conditions slightly, it too was a harsh ruler and continued to extract natural resources. For years, the Congolese struggled to achieve independence.
Arts & Humanities Afrocentric is centered or focused on africa or african peoples, especially inrelation to and indigenous groups 314 african Aperture - Photography http://www.nigeriainfonet.com/Directory/arts__humanities.htm
Extractions: Adire African Textiles has been established to share our love of the creative works of African textile artists, weavers, dyers, and embroiderers, and to make high quality African textiles accessible worldwide.History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. Adire African textiles Nigeria women's weaving introducti... We sell african art, including African masks, African statues and other African articles from Mali and other African countries.. african art for sale, african art, african craftsman's articles, masks, african masks, african statues, african articles, Mali, Africa, wali, Dogon country, Bambaras, Senoufos, Sarakoles, Peuhls, Touaregs, ebony wood, teak wood, cauris, dog, antelope, gazelle, Tyiwara, monkeys, elephants, hippopotamuses, thinkers, woman busts, rhinoceroses, Macoumba, jewelry boxes, ashtrays, wallets, Dogon doors, djembe, drum, crocodile skin, alligator skin, letter openers. African Art Online
African History but rather as the indigenous achievement of western, eastern and southern africa . This is well illustrated by the kuba kingdom, which developed a http://www.zyama.com/Iowa/African History.htm
Extractions: Issues in African History Professor James Giblin, Department of History, The University of Iowa Like the art of all peoples, the art of Africans expresses values, attitudes, and thought which are the products of their past experience. For that reason, the study of their art provides a way of learning about their history. Through the study of African art we can study the questions which have long preoccupied historians of Africa. This essay written by a historian who studies the African past presents an introduction to these questions. Its purpose is to encourage students to use their knowledge of African art to think about issues in African history. As students of African art begin to consider the African past, they must also consider how Western conceptions of "race" and "racial" difference have influenced our notions of the African past. These ideas, which have usually contrasted the presumed inferiority of black peoples with the superiority of whites, arose in Western societies as Europeans sought to justify their enslavement of Africans and the subsequent colonization of Africa. Historians now recognize that ideas of racial inferiority have inspired the belief that in the past African peoples lived in a state of primitive barbarism. At the same time, they have realized that many of the European writings which they use to reconstruct the African past such as accounts by nineteenth-century missionaries and travelers, for example are themselves tainted by these same notions of African inferiority.
Tribal Tattoo Design Books At Mehndi Skin Art around the world rediscover the art and traditions of indigenous peoples, Living With Decorative Textiles Tribal Art from africa, Asia and the http://www.mehndiskinart.com/tribal_design_books.htm
Extractions: As people around the world rediscover the art and traditions of indigenous peoples, tribal images have become a leading source of tattoo designs. This fully illustrated handbook shows nearly 100 tattoos from around the world, developed by Maori and Aboriginal tribes and the native people of Africa, America, Asia and Europe. Tribal Tattoos recounts the history of body decoration, explains the meanings and myths behind the symbols, and offers many patterns that can be combined into new motifs. All the designs included can be enlarged and traced to decorate any part of the body. Full instructions for temporary tattoos, using henna or other body paints, are also included. Maarten Hesselt van Dinter's "Tribal Tattoo Designs" focuses on the cross-cultural history of tattooing, tattooing technology, and commonly expressed motifs. Also examined are societies where tattooing holds a powerful impact in recent history, where and how this custom is practiced, and its significance as a form of human transition and metamorphosis. Extensive research is given to tribal designs, which often were abstract images based on local objects encountered in the environment, such as animals and landmarks. The artwork in "Tribal Tattoo Designs" is extensively detailed, of an academic nature, and should be on the bookshelf of all anthropologists.
In These Times 25/16 -- Out Of Africa indigenous expression took on fresh value. Some Europeans, meanwhile, began But most of the objects are tribal art, such as a kuba royal statue from the http://www.inthesetimes.com/issue/25/16/zachary2516b.html
Extractions: sitemap Nearly a half century since the decolonization of Africa, the question remains: Why is Europe still the best place to view or buy traditional and tribal African art? While the world has started to pay attention to the collapse of health care systems in sub-Saharan Africaand the concomitant spread of AIDS and the resurgence of "vanquished" diseases such as malaria and tuberculosislittle is said about the continent's cultural collapse. The governments that have plundered the continent's resources also have ignored the vast cultural treasures in their countries. Only African music retains a firm footing, because of its commercial base and vague attraction to listeners of Western pop. But Africa's great traditions of sculpture, mask-making and textile design are poorly 16th century ivory Benin mask, seized BRITISH MUSEUM recognized at home. Even behemoths such as Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, or South Africa, the richest nation of black Africa, boast no museums where visitors are presented with anything like the breadth, diversity and sheer quality of the art produced across the continent. Instead, museums in Africa tend toward the local and disconnected. And that's in places where museum curators aren't selling off pieces themselves or conspiring with thieves. To get a feel for the immense diversity of tribal African art requires a visit not to Africa, but to London, Paris, Berlin, Brussels, New York, Washington or Los Angeles.
The First Masks Over thirty thousand years ago, somewhere in africa, an indigenous Hunter had a idea For early indigenous peoples, masks were a way to the gods, and http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=28378
Language And Literature - Mathematics And The Liberal Arts The Bushoong are a subgroup in the kuba chiefdom, and exchange their art for there are many interesting examples from the indigenous peoples of North http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/LangAndLit.html
Extractions: To refine search, see subtopics Mathematics in Language The Development of Writing Storytelling Traditions Literature ... Language and Linguistics , and Myth and Ritual . Laterally related topics: Religion Time and Space Mathematics in Recreation Art ... Fractals , and Science The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews , published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet Ascher, Marcia. Graphs in cultures. II. A study in ethnomathematics.
Extractions: Zaire Zaire This heterogeneous group of peoples distributed north and south of the lower Kasai River, its tributaries, and the lower Congo River as far as Kinshasa all speak Bantu languages more closely related to each other than to those of adjacent peoples. Many of these groups, particularly those at the periphery, have been influenced by adjacent peoplesthe Mongo in the north and peoples of the Kwango River in the southwest. Vansina has distinguished several clusters, each including the group giving its name to the cluster and others. The Tio cluster includes the core peoples of the Tio Kingdom and several others, some of them never incorporated into the kingdom. The Boma-Sakata cluster includes the Nku and several smaller groups. The Yans-Mbun cluster includes a number of smaller entities. The Kuba cluster includes the Leele, the Njembe, and a number of groups governed by a ruling group called the Bushong, together called Kuba. The Tio Kingdom was established along both sides of the Congo River north and south of Stanley Pool (now Pool de Malebo) at least as early as the fifteenth century and influenced the development of smaller kingdoms and chiefdoms along the lower Kasai thereafter. At the eastern end of the region, the kingdom of the Kuba, already in existence but not well developed, was reorganized in the midseventeenth century and exercised considerable influence in the region west of the Tshiluba-speaking peoples. Between the Tio in the west and the Kuba, most of the peoples in the region were organized into small kingdoms or chieftainships that extended beyond the level of the village or local community. The only important exception was the Leele. There were Leele chiefdoms, but the chiefs had no real significance, and the villages were essentially autonomous and often in conflict.
Between The Natural And Supernatural As an early modern artist, he bridged foreign and indigenous cultures. Among East and Central africa peoples there are master storytellers and singers. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Smithsonian_GIFS/Ken_text.html
Extractions: A renaissance in the visual arts of the sort that occurred in Nigeria, Senegal, Ethiopia, Sudan, Zimbabwe, and South Africa has yet to unfold in East and Central Africa. Writers and poets, however, perhaps as precursors, have found an "African" voice, and have created new images to address contemporary issues. Authors Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Joseph Kariuki of Kenya, Okot p'Bitek and Taban lo Liong of Uganda, and Tchicaya U Tam'si of Congo Republic, respond to today's exigencies with language that is powerful. Although foreignÑ French or EnglishÑit is transformed to serve other cultural canons and needs. While a number of outstanding visual artists have appeared, their numbers are small. One of the reasons is a demographic one: the total population of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire is less than that of Nigeria alone. In addition, recurrent migrations from Ethiopia south across savannah lands to graze herds or to escape slave traders resulted in the periodic shifting of peoples, and the disrupting of patterns of continuity. The stability of farming communities, which provided a consistent structure for the arts, and the proximity of nearby rain forests, which created environments for the great traditions of West Africa, didn't exist in East Africa. Art forms in East Africa consisted of items worn or carried such as jewelry, basketry, vessels, rugs, and the arts of adornment. And architectural relics such as tombs and mosques along the Swahili coast demonstrate the early artistic and religious influence of Islam, exemplified by the carved doors of Lamu, and the arts of calligraphy and body painting.
Africa Access Review Of Children S Materials, Ed. Brenda Randolph African names of certain places and people (eg Kemet is the indigenous name The usages are Kwele people, kuba people, Teke people and Asante people. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Proceedings_Rev/afrik_access.html
Extractions: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER ed. Brenda Randolph ISBN: 0-03-047424 Subjects: Africa/Literature/African Americans/Diaspora Review: This textbook on African American literature includes selections by some of Africa's most outstanding writers. Claude Ake, Buchi Emecheta, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Leopold Senghor, and Amos Tutuloa are among the writers included. In addition, there are two works from the past, a poem by Pharoah Akhenaton, and an excerpt from Olaudah Equiano's famous narrative on his capture and enslavement in the 1700s. These selections and others in the text are preceded by background notes and information on the literary form being highlighted. At the conclusion of each offering, a "Responding to the Selection" section provides a review of the material covered. Additional features include a map of Africa which shows the birthplaces of the contributors, a pronunciation guide for Igbo words, and splendid photographs, many of which are in color. This outstanding collection is a must purchase for all schools. (Brenda Randolph) Subjects: Folklore/Mpongwe/West Africa Subjects: Ethiopia/ East Africa Review: This book portrays contemporary Ethiopian life in most of its vital aspects. Unfortunately, much has changed that raise question marks, for example, Lenin's statue in Addis Ababa which was toppled with the fall of the Mengistu government. However, for the curious young reader that should not be a problem; helped by a knowledgeable teacher, the rest of the pictures can fill in some gap in the knowledge of young students about Africa. (Bereket Habte Selassie)
Extractions: Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Early society and economy Early toolmakers The agricultural revolution ... Growth of trade Central Africa and the outer world Development of the slave trade Exploitation of ivory Colonialism Establishment of European colonies Economic organization The end of the colonial period Additional Reading General works Developments to the 19th century From the 19th century to the present Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Central Africa
Encyclopedia Of African History Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadic Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa alMaghili http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/thematic.html
Encyclopedia Of African History Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadicpeoples Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/azentries.html
Book Reviews This impressive study approaches two crafts among the Mande peoples of West africa . Joseph Aurelien Cornet writes about the kuba wisdom basket, http://www.tribalarts.com/review/review_su98.html
Extractions: T his impressive study approaches two crafts among the Mande peoples of West Africa. Here, pottery making is an exclusively female pursuit, while leatherworking is dominated by males. The author explores the two in depth, producing a valuable contribution to the scholarship of West African culture and, at the same time, demonstrating how craft technology in addition to artistic style is essential for reconstructing and comprehending the artistic heritage of a culturally complex region. In examining the roles of these craftspeople in the rise and fall of empires, the development of trans-Saharan trade networks, and the spread of Islam, the author brings into question the "one-tribe, one-style" interpretations that have dominated studies of West African art. back Native Paths: American Indian Art from the Collection of Charles and Valerie Diker
