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Extractions: - The Editor, http://www.uctp.org/lavoz.htm The following excerpt was part of an article, which was originally published in the 1992 Festival of American Folklife catalogue; reprinted with permission from the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage of the Smithsonian Institution. (http://www.si.edu/maroon/educational_guide/23.htm) " Maroons: Rebel Slaves in the Americas" by Richard Price The man who was to become the first African-American maroon arrived within a decade of Columbus' landfall on the very first slave ship to reach the Americas. One of the last maroons to escape from slavery was still alive in Cuba only 15 years ago. The English word "maroon" derives from Spanish itself based on an Arawakan (Taino) Indian root originally referred to domestic cattle that had taken to the hills in Hispaniola, and soon after it was applied to American Indian slaves who had escaped from the Spaniards as well. By the end of the 1530s, the word had taken on strong connotations of being "fierce," "wild" and "unbroken," and was used primarily to refer to African-American runaways. The following excerpt was taken from the Exhibition "The Sacred Art of Vodou" hosted at the American Museum of Natural History from October 1998 until January 1999.
Slave Routes - Americas And Carabbean And as a way of ending this form of indigenous slavery, he strongly encouraged by the Ibo and kongo peoples of Central africa and the Yoruba of Nigeria, http://www.antislavery.org/breakingthesilence/slave_routes/slave_routes_haiti.sh
Extractions: Haiti Located in the Caribbean, between Cuba, Puerto Rico and Jamaica, this island (originally called Hispaniola or 'little Spain' by the Spanish) is inhabited by two independent nations, the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The first enslaved Africans were brought to the island in 1502. Mostly they were ladinos EUROPE Introduction Denmark France Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain United Kingdom Tainos Before the Spanish arrived on the island in 1492, it was inhabited by about 4,000,000 indigenous Tainos , meaning literally, 'men of the good'. The Tainos were a gentle and calm people who had migrated from South America centuries earlier. Soon after the Spanish arrived however, most were soon wiped out by enslavement, disease or massacre. Bartolomew de Las Casas Back to top In later years, Spanish priest Bartolomew de Las Casas, fought against the massacre of the Indians and demanded that the injustices committed every day against the indigenous people in Hispaniola was stopped. And as a way of ending this form of indigenous slavery, he strongly encouraged the importation of Blacks from Africa to work on the mines. So, it was partly due to him, that in 1503, the first Africans were brought to Hispaniola as slaves.
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Extractions: Teacher's Edition Activity Four: Christianity in Africa: Explain The Christian religion was founded in what is today Israel and Palestine 2000 years ago at the beginning of the Common Era . Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, a Jewish teacher and prophet. Early Christians (followers of Christ) believed that Jesus was divine in that he was the son of God. This is a major difference between Christianity and Judaism and Islam, the two other major monotheistic religions. Judaism does not hold that any of their great prophets were divine. And although God spoke directly to Mohammed through the angel Gabriel, Islam does give him the status of being divine. Although the early Christian church suffered persecution at the hands of Roman officials, the fact that Palestine was part of the Roman Empire facilitated the rapid spread of Christianity. Christianity, like Islam, is a proselytizing religion. This means that followers of these religions believe that it is their duty to share their religion and try to convert others to their religion. Early Christians came from the Jewish tradition, but they believed that the message and teachings of Jesus were meant for all people, and they used the transportation networks (roads, shipping routes) to spread the message of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire-or the
Exploring Africa -> Students-> Religion In Africa-> Christianity kongo speaking peoples lived along the west coast of African and along the kongo Zionist churches brought together elements of Christian and indigenous http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/lm14/stu_actfour14.html
Extractions: Student's Edition Activity Four: Christianity in Africa: Explain The Christian religion was founded in what is today Israel and Palestine 2000 years ago at the beginning of the Common Era . Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, a Jewish teacher and prophet. Early Christians (followers of Christ) believed that Jesus was divine in that he was the son of God. This is a major difference between Christianity and Judaism and Islam, the two other major monotheistic religions. Judaism does not hold that any of their great prophets were divine. And although God spoke directly to Mohammed through the angel Gabriel, Islam does give him the status of being divine. Although the early Christian church suffered persecution at the hands of Roman officials, the fact that Palestine was part of the Roman Empire facilitated the rapid spread of Christianity. Christianity, like Islam, is a proselytizing religion. This means that followers of these religions believe that it is their duty to share their religion and try to convert others to their religion. Early Christians came from the Jewish tradition, but they believed that the message and teachings of Jesus were meant for all people, and they used the transportation networks (roads, shipping routes) to spread the message of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire-or the
Alibris: Juvenile Nonfiction History Africa kongo Ndongo West Central africa more books like this A study of thehistory, legends, and life of both indigenous peoples and immigrants to two http://www.alibris.com/search/books/subject/Juvenile Nonfiction History Africa
Brooklyn Museum: Exhibitions traditions as living legacies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. africa, particularly those from the kongo, Luba, and Kuba peoples of the http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/
Extractions: Home Open Now Mezzanine Gallery, 2nd Floor This small exhibition draws on the Museumâs holdings of the work of the French sculptor Antoine-Louis Barye (1795â1875). Described by one contemporaneous critic as the âMichelangelo of the Menagerie,â Barye imbued his animal subjects with monumentality and drama. Frequently working at the Jardin des Plantes and the Museum of Natural History in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century, Barye applied the latest discoveries of modern zoology to his creations, lending a sense of accuracy to each and every beak, fang, and tusk. Works include bronzes and watercolors and range in subject matter from tender treatments of woodland creatures to violent confrontations between exotic species. Read more about the exhibition.
Extractions: Long-Term Installation, Open Now A major reinstallation of some 230 works from the Brooklyn Museum of Art's exceptional holdings of African art is now on view in the African galleries. This presentation includes more than 20 important objects previously not on display. While a wide selection from the hundreds of African cultures is represented, this reinstallation is especially strong in works from Central Africa, particularly those from the Kongo, Luba, and Kuba peoples of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A majority of the items on display were created for religious or political ceremonial life, but furniture, textiles, architectural fragments, household items, and objects of personal adornment are also featured.
Extractions: See also Eastern Africa Guinea Coast Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan Pablo Picasso to the British Vorticists to explore new subjects and methods of visual representation. The imposition of colonial boundaries and governmental systems gives rise to developing national consciousness among many Central Africans, inspiring movements to achieve political independence and reclaim indigenous African identity, such as Mobuto Sese Seko's "authenticity" campaign and Tshibumba Kanda Matulu's series of paintings on Congolese history. In what is today the Democratic Republic of Congo, a ritual expert ( nganga ) and the Yombe artist known today as the Chiloango River Master collaborate on the creation of a corpus of distinctive minkisi , or monumental power figures, called Mangaaka. Used by diviners to consult the spiritual realm for solutions to earthly crises, these works are characterized by their massive scale, naturalistic appearance, and intricately carved representations of knotted fiber headgear. The White Fathers, a Catholic missionary group organized to seek conversions in non-Christian areas of Africa, is established in the southeastern Congo. Originally seeking to carve out an independent "Christian Kingdom" within territory largely inhabited by Tabwa and related peoples, the White Fathers sponsor missionary schools and produce dictionaries, grammars, and a translation of the Bible in the local KiTabwa language. After 1900, as control over the Belgian Free State is consolidated and ultimately transferred to the Belgian republican government, the White Fathers abandon territorial aspirations and focus on conversion. Large numbers of indigenous religious sculpture as well as trees and stones associated with earth spirit sites are destroyed, while others are confiscated and sent to White Fathers headquarters in Belgium and Rome.
Africa peoples from the Ethiopian highlands came to dominate the indigenous Bantu . During the 14th century the kongo Kingdom was established, dominating an http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/africa3a.html
Extractions: Africa Some 5 million years ago a type of hominid, a close evolutionary ancestor of present-day humans, inhabited southern and eastern Africa. More than 1.5 million years ago this toolmaking hominid developed into the more advanced forms Homo habilis and Homo erectus. The earliest true human being in Africa, Homo sapiens, dates from more than 200,000 years ago. A hunter-gatherer capable of making crude stone tools, Homo sapiens banded together with others to form nomadic groups; eventually these nomadic San peoples spread throughout the African continent. Distinct races date from approximately 10,000 BC. Gradually a growing Negroid population, which had mastered animal domestication and agriculture, forced the San groups into the less hospitable areas. In the 1st century AD the Bantu, one group of this dominant people, began a migration that lasted some 2000 years, settling most of central and southern Africa. Negroid societies typically depended on subsistence agriculture or, in the savannas, pastoral pursuits. Political organization was normally local, although large kingdoms would later develop in western and central Africa. see Aksum, Kingdom of
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Project MUSE In africa, among the Mande, Fon, Ejagham, and kongo peoples, indigenous andimported writing is associated with knowledge, power, and intelligence, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/callaloo/v019/19.3mullen03.html
Extractions: The Slave's Narrative , pp. xxvi-xxvii] Much of Henry Louis Gates's influential scholarship argues that black literary traditions privilege orality. This critical position has become something of a commonplace, in part because it is based on accurate observation. From the "talking book" featured in early slave narratives, to "dialect poetry" and the "speakerly text" the Afro-American tradition that Gates constructs and canonizes is that which seeks to "speak" to readers with an "authentic black voice." Presumably, for the African-American writer, there is no alternative to production of this "authentic black voice" but silence, invisibility, or... Search Journals About MUSE Contact Us
