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Gambia Geography: more books (18)

The Gambia at the Olympics: Gambia at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Gambia at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Gambia at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Abuko: Westafrika, Gambia, Volkszählung, Gambia, Kombo- St. Mary Area, Süduferstraße, Greater Banjul Area, Serekunda (German Edition)
The ecology of malnutrition in Eastern Africa and four countries of Western Africa;: Equatorial Guinea, the Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Malawi, Rhodesia, ... (His Studies in medical geography, v. 9) by Jacques M May, 1970
A new geography of Senegambia by Oyeyemi Haffner, 1981

lists with details

GAMBIA Geography Population Map City And Cities Coordinates Location
Geographical database, places and cities in the whole world.
http://www.tageo.com/index-e-ga.htm
Country Information - CountryReports.org
Water Area 1300 sq km Highest Point unnamed location 53 m Lowest Point AtlanticOcean 0 m » Additional The gambia geography Information
http://www.countryreports.org/country.aspx?countryid=88&countryName=The Gambia
Geography - Merriam-Webster's Atlas
flag of Gambia. Gambia achieved independence from Britain on Feb. 18, 1965, underthe current flag. The center stripe is blue to symbolize the Gambia River.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/nytmaps.pl?gambia
1Up Travel : Gambia Geography And Facts
Travel portal offers the countrys geography. Includes details on topography,location, terrain, map references, area, land boundaries, climate,
http://www.1uptravel.com/geography/gambia.html

Extractions: Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military
1Up Travel > Gambia Geography - Geographic Facts On Gambia Can Be Read Here.
Find all the geographical facts on Gambia related to Location, Geographiccoordinates, Map references, Area, Area comparative, Land Boundaries, Coastline,
http://www.1uptravel.com/international/africa/gambia/geography.html

Extractions: Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military
MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Geography Of The Gambia
Geography of The gambia geography of The Gambia. People of The Gambia People of Appears in these articles. Gambia, The. *, Exclusively for MSN Encarta
http://encarta.msn.com/media_701702930_761571438_-1_1/Geography_of_The_Gambia.ht

Extractions: Web Search: Encarta Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Multimedia from Encarta Go to article View all multimedia Appears in Area 11,295 sq km 4,361 sq mi Coastline 80 km 50 mi Appears in these articles: Gambia, The Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Join Now Â© 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help
Links
CTI Centre for Geography, Geology, and Meteorology Gambia Information The gambia geography Total area 11300 km2 Land area 10000 km2
http://www.africanculture.dk/gambia/links.htm
Gambia - Info People Map Flag Economy Cities Populaction Government Military
Home Gambia. Select a Link to view description. Gambia Communications Gambia Economy Gambia Flag Gambia GDP gambia geography Gambia Government
http://www.pairgain.com/worldinfo/Description-Gambia.html
US Department Of State, January 2002 Background Notes The Gambia
US Department of State, January 2002 Background Notes The Gambia PROFILE OFFICIALNAME Republic of The gambia geography Area 11300 sq. km. (4361 sq. mi.
http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/BNOTES_0561/$fi

Extractions: U.S. Department of State, January 2002 Background Notes: The Gambia PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of The Gambia Geography Area: 11,300 sq. km. (4,361 sq. mi.); about the size of Maryland. Cities: CapitalBanjul (pop. 42,326). Terrain: Flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by low hills. Climate: Tropical; hot rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May). People Nationality: Noun and adjectiveGambian(s). Population (2000 est.): 1.328 million. Annual growth rate (2000 est.): 4.3%. Ethnic groups: Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%, non-Gambian 1%. Religions: Muslim 92.2%, Christian 4.2% , and animist 2.6%. Languages: English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous languages. Education: Years compulsorynone. Attendance68.5% primary, 24% secondary. Adult Literacy33.1%. Health: Overall life expectancy59.3 yrs. Infant mortality rate80/1,000. Access to safe drinking waterurban 97%, rural 50%. Work force (400,000): Agriculture 70%; industry, commerce, services 24%; government 6%. Government Type: Civilian. Independence: February 18, 1965. Constitution: January 16, 1997. Branches: National Assembly inaugurated on January 16, 1997. Executive; Judiciary. Subdivisions: Capital and five divisions. Political parties: Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), United Democratic Party (UDP), National Reconciliation Party (NRP), National Convention Party (NCP) and Peoples Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism (PDOIS). Flag: Three horizontal bands of red, blue, and green, with blue center bordered by two white stripes. Economy GDP (2000): $ 389.3 million. Annual growth rate: (2001 est.) 4.6%. Per capita income: $330. Natural resources: Seismic studies indicate the possible presence of oil offshore. Agriculture (23% of GDP): Productspeanuts, rice, millet, sorghum, fish, palm kernels, vegetables, livestock, forestry. Industry (12% of GDP): Typespeanut products, construction, telecommunications, brewing, soft drinks, agricultural machinery assembly, small woodworking, metal working, clothing. Trade: (2000 est.): Exports$12.03 million, including re-exports, groundnut and groundnut products (37 percent), fish and fish products (7%), fruits and vegetables (26%). Major marketsU.K., other EU countries, and Senegal. Imports139.3 million, including textiles, ready-made foodstuffs, machinery, transportation equipment. 98% for domestic consumption, 2% for re-export. Major suppliersU.K., other EU countries, China, Japan, and other Asian countries, West African neighbors. U.S. economic aid received (FY 2001): $6,223,787 million in food aid and assistance to democracy and human rights programs. PEOPLE AND HISTORY A wide variety of ethnic groups live in The Gambia with a minimum of intertribal friction, each preserving its own language and traditions. The Mandinka tribe is the largest, followed by the Fula, Wolof, Jola, and Serahuli. Approximately 2,500 non-Africans live in The Gambia, including Europeans and families of Lebanese origin. Muslims constitute more than 92% of the population. Christians of different denominations account for most of the remainder. Gambians officially observe the holidays of both religions and practice religious tolerance. More than 80% of Gambians live in rural villages, although more and more young people come to the capital in search of work and education. While urban migration, development projects, and modernization are bringing more Gambians into contact with Western habits and values, the traditional emphasis on the extended family, as well as indigenous forms of dress and celebration, remain integral parts of everyday life. The Gambia was once part of the Empire of Ghana and the Kingdom of the Songhais. The first written accounts of the region come from records of Arab traders in the 9th and 10th centuries A.D. Arab traders established the trans-Saharan trade route for slaves, gold, and ivory. In the 15th century, the Portuguese took over this trade using maritime routes. At that time, The Gambia was part of the Kingdom of Mali. In 1588, the claimant to the Portuguese throne, Antonio, Prior of Crato, sold exclusive trade rights on The Gambia River to English merchants; this grant was confirmed by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I. In 1618, King James I granted a charter to a British company for trade with The Gambia and the Gold Coast (now Ghana). During the late 17th century and throughout the 18th, England and France struggled continuously for political and commercial supremacy in the regions of the Senegal and Gambia Rivers. The 1783 Treaty of Versailles gave Great Britain possession of The Gambia, but the French retained a tiny enclave at Albreda on the north bank of the river which was ceded to the United Kingdom in 1857. As many as 3 million slaves may have been taken from the region during the three centuries that the transatlantic slave trade operated. It is not known how many slaves were taken by Arab traders prior to and simultaneous with the transatlantic slave trade. Most of those taken were sold to Europeans by other Africans; some were prisoners of intertribal wars; some were sold because of unpaid debts, while others were kidnapped. Slaves were initially sent to Europe to work as servants until the market for labor expanded in the West Indies and North America in the 18th century. In 1807, slave trading was abolished throughout the British Empire, and the British tried unsuccessfully to end the slave traffic in The Gambia. They established the military post of Bathurst (now Banjul) in 1816. In the ensuing years, Banjul was at times under the jurisdiction of the British governor general in Sierra Leone. In 1888, The Gambia became a separate colonial entity. An 1889 agreement with France established the present boundaries, and The Gambia became a British Crown Colony, divided for administrative purposes into the colony (city of Banjul and the surrounding area) and the protectorate (remainder of the territory). The Gambia received its own executive and legislative councils in 1901 and gradually progressed toward self-government. A 1906 ordinance abolished slavery. During World War II, Gambian troops fought with the Allies in Burma. Banjul served as an air stop for the U.S. Army Air Corps and a port of call for Allied naval convoys. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped overnight in Banjul enroute to and from the Casablanca Conference in 1943, marking the first visit to the African Continent by an American president while in office. After World War II, the pace of constitutional reform quickened. Following general elections in 1962, full internal self-government was granted in 1963. The Gambia achieved independence on February 18, 1965, as a constitutional monarchy within the British Commonwealth. Shortly thereafter, the government proposed conversion from a monarchy to a republic with an elected president replacing the British monarch as chief of state. The proposal failed to receive the two-thirds majority required to amend the constitution, but the results won widespread attention abroad as testimony to The Gambia's observance of secret balloting, honest elections, and civil rights and liberties. On April 24, 1970, The Gambia became a republic following a referendum. Until a military coup in July 1994, The Gambia was led by President Dawda Kairaba Jawara, who was re-elected five times. The relative stability of the Jawara era was broken first by a violent coup attempt in 1981. The coup was led by Kukoi Samba Sanyang, who, on two occasions, had unsuccessfully sought election to parliament. After a week of violence which left several hundred dead, Jawara, in London when the attack began, appealed to Senegal for help. Senegalese troops defeated the rebel force. In the aftermath of the attempted coup, Senegal and The Gambia signed the 1982 Treaty of Confederation. The result, the Senegambia Confederation, aimed eventually to combine the armed forces of the two nations and to unify economies and currencies. The Gambia withdrew from the confederation in 1989. In July 1994, the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (AFPRC) seized power in a military coup d'etat. The AFPRC deposed the democratically elected government of Sir Dawda Jawara. Lieutenant Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh, chairman of the AFPRC, became head of state. The AFPRC announced a transition plan for return to democratic civilian government. The Provisional Independent Electoral Commission (PIEC) was established in 1996 to conduct national elections. The transition process included the compilation of a new electoral register, adoption of a new constitution by referendum in August 1996, and presidential and legislative elections in September 1996 and January 1997, respectively. Retired Col. Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh was sworn into office as President of the Republic of The Gambia on November 6, 1996. The PIEC was transformed to the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) on April 17, 1997. The IEC is responsible for registration of voters and conduct of elections and referenda. The IEC conducted a presidential election on October 18, 2001, during which President Jammeh was re-elected for a second 5-year term (2001-06). National Assembly and local government elections are scheduled for January and April 2002, respectively. GOVERNMENT The 1970 constitution, which divided the government into independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches, was suspended after the 1994 military coup. As part of the transition process, the AFPRC established the Constitution Review Commission (CRC) through decree in March 1995. In accordance with the timetable for the transition to a democratically elected government, the commission drafted a new constitution for The Gambia which approved by referendum in August 1996. The constitution provides for a strong presidential government, a unicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, and the protection of human rights. Local government in The Gambia varies. The capital city, Banjul, has an elected town council. Five rural divisions exist, each with a council containing a majority of elected members. Each council has its own treasury and is responsible for local government services. Tribal chiefs retain traditional powers authorized by customary law in some instances. Principal Government Officials PresidentYahya Abdulaziz Jimus Junkung Jammeh Vice PrisidentIsatou Njie-Saidy Ambassador to the United StatesJohn Paul Bojang UN Representativevacant The Gambia maintains an embassy at 1155 15th Street, N.W., Suite 1000, Washington, D.C. 20005. Tel. (202) 785-1399. Its UN mission is located at 820 2d Avenue, Suite 900-C, New York, N.Y. 10017. Tel. (212) 949-6640. DEFENSE The Gambian national army numbers about 1,900. The army consists of infantry battalions, the national guard, and the navy, all under the authority of the Department of State for Defense (a ministerial portfolio held by President Jammeh). Prior to the 1994 coup, the Gambian army received technical assistance and training from the United States, United Kingdom, Peoples Republic of China, Nigeria, and Turkey. With the withdrawal of most of this aid, the army has received renewed assistance from Turkey and new assistance from Libya and others. Members of the Gambian military have participated in ECOMOG, the West African force deployed during the Liberian civil war beginning in 1990. Responsibilities for internal security and law enforcement rest with the Gambian police/gendarme force under the Inspector General of Police and the Ministry of Interior. POLITICAL CONDITIONS Before the coup d'état in July 1994, The Gambia was one of the oldest existing multi-party democracies in Africa. It had conducted freely contested elections every 5 years since independence. After the military coup, politicians from deposed President Jawara's People's Progressive Party (PPP) and other senior government officials were banned from participating in politics until July 2001. The People's Progressive Party (PPP), headed by former president Jawara, had dominated Gambian politics for nearly 30 years. After spearheading the movement toward complete independence from Britain, the PPP was voted into power and was never seriously challenged by any opposition party. The last elections under the PPP regime were held in April 1992. Following the coup, a presidential election took place in September 1996, in which retired Col. Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh won 56% of the vote. The legislative elections held in January 1997 were dominated by the APRC, which captured 33 out of 45 seats. In July 2001, the ban on Jawara-era political parties and politicians was lifted. Four registered opposition parties participated in the October 18, 2001, presidential election, which the incumbent, President Yahya Jammeh, won with almost 53% of the votes. ECONOMY The Gambia has a liberal, market-based economy characterized by traditional subsistence agriculture, a historic reliance on peanuts or groundnuts for export earnings, a re-export trade built up around its ocean port, low import duties, minimal administrative procedures, a fluctuating exchange rate with no exchange controls, and a significant tourism industry. Agriculture accounts for 23% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employs 75% of the labor force. Within agriculture, peanut production accounts for 5.3% of GDP, other crops 8.3%, livestock 4.4%, fishing 1.8%, and forestry 0.5%. Industry accounts for 12% of GDP and forestry 0.5%. Manufacturing accounts for 6% of GDP. The limited amount of manufacturing is primarily agriculturally based (e.g., peanut processing, bakeries, a brewery, and a tannery). Other manufacturing activities include soap, soft drinks, and clothing. Services account for 19% of GDP. In FY 1999 the U.K. and other EU countries were The Gambia's major domestic export markets, accounting for 86% in total; followed by Asia at 14%; and the African subregion, including Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, and Ghana at 8%. The U.K. and the other EU countries, namely Germany, France, Netherlands, and Belgium were the major source of imports, accounting for 60% of the total share of imports followed by Asia at 23%, and Cote d'Ivoire and other African countries at 17%. The Gambia reports 11% of its exports going to and 14.6% of its imports coming from the United States. FOREIGN RELATIONS The Gambia followed a formal policy of nonalignment throughout most of former President Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained The Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States. Since 1995, President Jammeh has established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, Taiwan, and Cuba. The Gambia plays an active role in international affairs, especially West African and Islamic affairs, although its representation abroad is limited. As a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), The Gambia has played an active role in that organization's efforts to resolve the Liberian civil war and contributed troops to the community's cease-fire monitoring group (ECOMOG). It also has sought to mediate disputes in nearby Guinea-Bissau and the neighboring Casamance region of Senegal. U.S.-GAMBIAN RELATIONS U.S. policy seeks to build improved relations with The Gambia on the basis of historical ties, mutual respect, democratic rule, human rights, and adherence to UN resolutions on counterterrorism, conflict diamonds, and other forms of trafficking. In accordance with U.S. law, most direct bilateral development and military assistance to The Gambia was suspended because of the 1994 coup d'état. U.S. assistance continues, however, in the form of food aid administered through Catholic Relief Services, support for democracy and human rights projects, and the financing of girls'secondary education. In addition, the Peace Corps maintains a large program with about 80 volunteers engaged in the environment, public health, and education sectors, mainly at the village level. Principal U.S. Officials AmbassadorJackson McDonald Deputy Chief of MissionDaphne Titus Peace Corps Country DirectorThomas Morgan The U.S. embassy in The Gambia is situated in Fajara on Kairaba Avenue, formerly known as Pipeline Road. Tel: [220] 392856; fax [220] 392475). The Peace Corps office also is on Kairaba Avenue near the embassy. (Tel. [220] 392466). The international mailing address for the embassy is American Embassy, PMB 19, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul, The Gambia. [end of document] *********************************************************** See http://www.state.gov/r/pa/bgn/ for all Background notes ************************************************************ To change your subscription, go to http://www.state.gov/www/listservs_cms.html
US Department Of State Background Note The Gambia November 2003
2003 PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME Republic of The gambia geography Area 11300 sq.km. Terrain Flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by low hills.
http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/BNOTES_0562/$fi

Extractions: U.S. Department of State Background Note: The Gambia November 2003 PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of The Gambia Geography Area: 11,300 sq. km. (4,361 sq. mi.); about the size of Maryland. Cities: CapitalBanjul (est. pop. 50,000, excluding suburbs). Terrain: Flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by low hills. Climate: Tropical; hot rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May). People Nationality: Noun and adjectiveGambian(s). Population (2001 est.): 1.4 million. Annual growth rate (1975-2001): 3.4%. Ethnic groups: Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%, non-Gambian 1%. Religions: Muslim 92.2%, Christian 4.2% , and animist 2.6%. Languages: English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, Jola, other indigenous languages. Education: Years compulsorynone. Attendance69% primary, 35% secondary. Adult literacy37.8%. Health: Life expectancy54.1 yrs. Infant mortality rate (2001)91/1,000. Access to safe drinking waterurban 80%, rural 53%. Work force (400,000): Agriculture70%; industry, commerce, services24%; government6%. Government Type: Civilian. Independence: February 18, 1965. Constitution: January 16, 1997. Branches: National Assembly; Executive; Judiciary. Subdivisions: Capital and five divisions. Political parties: Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), United Democratic Party (UDP), National Reconciliation Party (NRP), National Convention Party (NCP), Peoples Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism (PDOIS), National Democratic Action Movement (NDAM). Economy GDP (2001): $400 million. Annual growth rate: (2001) 4.6%. Per capita income (2001): $291. Natural resources: Seismic studies indicate the possible presence of oil and gas offshore. Agriculture (23% of GDP): Productspeanuts, rice, millet, sorghum, fish, palm kernels, vegetables, livestock, forestry. Industry (12% of GDP): Typespeanut products, construction, telecommunications, brewing, soft drinks, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metal working, clothing. Trade: (2000 est.): Exports$12.03 million, including re-exports, groundnut and groundnut products (37%), fish and fish products (7%), fruits and vegetables (26%). Major marketsU.K., other EU countries, and Senegal. Imports$139.3 million, including textiles, readymade foodstuffs, machinery, transportation equipment. 98% for domestic consumption, 2% for re-export. Major suppliersU.K.; other EU countries; China, Japan, and other Asian countries; West African neighbors. Official Development Assistance (ODA) received from all sources (2001): $50.9 million. U.S. economic aid received (FY 2001): $6.2 million in food aid and assistance to democracy and human rights programs. PEOPLE AND HISTORY A wide variety of ethnic groups live in The Gambia with a minimum of intertribal friction, each preserving its own language and traditions. The Mandinka tribe is the largest, followed by the Fula, Wolof, Jola, and Serahuli. Approximately 2,500 non-Africans live in The Gambia, including Europeans and families of Lebanese origin. Muslims constitute more than 92% of the population. Christians of different denominations account for most of the remainder. Gambians officially observe the holidays of both religions and practice religious tolerance. More than 80% of Gambians live in rural villages, although more and more young people come to the capital in search of work and education. While urban migration, development projects, and modernization are bringing more Gambians into contact with Western habits and values, the traditional emphasis on the extended family, as well as indigenous forms of dress and celebration, remain integral parts of everyday life. The Gambia was once part of the Empire of Ghana and the Kingdom of the Songhais. The first written accounts of the region come from records of Arab traders in the 9th and 10th centuries A.D. Arab traders established the trans-Saharan trade route for slaves, gold, and ivory. In the 15th century, the Portuguese took over this trade using maritime routes. At that time, The Gambia was part of the Kingdom of Mali. In 1588, the claimant to the Portuguese throne, Antonio, Prior of Crato, sold exclusive trade rights on The Gambia River to English merchants; this grant was confirmed by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I. In 1618, King James I granted a charter to a British company for trade with The Gambia and the Gold Coast (now Ghana). During the late 17th century and throughout the 18th, England and France struggled continuously for political and commercial supremacy in the regions of the Senegal and Gambia Rivers. The 1783 Treaty of Versailles gave Great Britain possession of The Gambia, but the French retained a tiny enclave at Albreda on the north bank of the river, which was ceded to the United Kingdom in 1857. As many as 3 million slaves may have been taken from the region during the three centuries that the transatlantic slave trade operated. It is not known how many slaves were taken by Arab traders prior to and simultaneous with the transatlantic slave trade. Most of those taken were sold to Europeans by other Africans; some were prisoners of intertribal wars; some were sold because of unpaid debts, while others were kidnapped. Slaves were initially sent to Europe to work as servants until the market for labor expanded in the West Indies and North America in the 18th century. In 1807, slave trading was abolished throughout the British Empire, and the British tried unsuccessfully to end the slave traffic in The Gambia. They established the military post of Bathurst (now Banjul) in 1816. In the ensuing years, Banjul was at times under the jurisdiction of the British governor general in Sierra Leone. In 1888, The Gambia became a separate colonial entity. An 1889 agreement with France established the present boundaries, and The Gambia became a British Crown Colony, divided for administrative purposes into the colony (city of Banjul and the surrounding area) and the protectorate (remainder of the territory). The Gambia received its own executive and legislative councils in 1901 and gradually progressed toward self-government. A 1906 ordinance abolished slavery. During World War II, Gambian troops fought with the Allies in Burma. Banjul served as an air stop for the U.S. Army Air Corps and a port of call for Allied naval convoys. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped overnight in Banjul en route to and from the Casablanca Conference in 1943, marking the first visit to the African Continent by an American president while in office. After World War II, the pace of constitutional reform quickened. Following general elections in 1962, full internal self-government was granted in 1963. The Gambia achieved independence on February 18, 1965, as a constitutional monarchy within the British Commonwealth. Shortly thereafter, the government proposed conversion from a monarchy to a republic with an elected president replacing the British monarch as chief of state. The proposal failed to receive the two-thirds majority required to amend the constitution, but the results won widespread attention abroad as testimony to The Gambia's observance of secret balloting, honest elections, and civil rights and liberties. On April 24, 1970, The Gambia became a republic following a referendum. Until a military coup in July 1994, The Gambia was led by President Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, who was re-elected five times. The relative stability of the Jawara era was first broken by a violent, unsuccessful coup attempt in 1981. The coup was led by Kukoi Samba Sanyang, who, on two occasions, had unsuccessfully sought election to parliament. After a week of violence which left several hundred dead, President Jawara, in London when the attack began, appealed to Senegal for help. Senegalese troops defeated the rebel force. In the aftermath of the attempted coup, Senegal and The Gambia signed the 1982 Treaty of Confederation. The result, the Senegambia Confederation, aimed eventually to combine the armed forces of the two nations and to unify economies and currencies. The Gambia withdrew from the confederation in 1989. In July 1994, the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (AFPRC) seized power in a military coup d'etat, deposing the government of Sir Dawda Jawara. Lieutenant Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh, chairman of the AFPRC, became head of state. The AFPRC announced a transition plan for return to democratic civilian government. The Provisional Independent Electoral Commission (PIEC) was established in 1996 to conduct national elections. The transition process included the compilation of a new electoral register, adoption of a new constitution by referendum in August 1996, and presidential and legislative elections in September 1996 and January 1997, respectively. Foreign observers did not deem these elections free and fair. Retired Col. Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh was sworn into office as President of the Republic of The Gambia in November 1996. The PIEC was transformed to the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) in 1997 and became responsible for registration of voters and conduct of elections and referenda. In late 2001 and early 2002, The Gambia completed a full cycle of presidential, legislative, and local elections, which foreign observers deemed free, fair, and transparent, albeit with some shortcomings. President Yahya Jammeh, who was re-elected, took the oath of office again on December 21, 2001. The APRC maintained its strong majority in the National Assembly. GOVERNMENT The 1970 constitution, which divided the government into independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches, was suspended after the 1994 military coup. As part of the transition process, the AFPRC established the Constitution Review Commission (CRC) through decree in March 1995. In accordance with the timetable for the transition to a democratically elected government, the commission drafted a new constitution for The Gambia, which approved by referendum in August 1996. The constitution provides for a strong presidential government, a unicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, and the protection of human rights. Local government in The Gambia varies. The capital city, Banjul, has an elected town council. Five rural divisions exist, each with a council containing a majority of elected members. Each council has its own treasury and is responsible for local government services. Tribal chiefs retain traditional powers authorized by customary law in some instances. Principal Government Officials PresidentYahya Abdulaziz Jimus Junkung Jammeh Vice PrisidentIsatou Njie-Saidy Ambassador to the United Statesvacant UN Representative Crispen Grey-Johnson The Gambia maintains an embassy at 1156 15th Street, N.W., Suite 905, Washington, D.C. 20005. Tel. (202) 785-1399. Its UN mission is located at 820 2nd Avenue, Suite 900-C, New York, NY 10017. Tel. (212) 949-6640. DEFENSE The Gambian national army numbers about 1,900. The army consists of infantry battalions, the national guard, and the navy, all under the authority of the Department of State for Defense (a ministerial portfolio held by President Jammeh). Prior to the 1994 coup, the Gambian army received technical assistance and training from the United States, United Kingdom, Peoples Republic of China, Nigeria, and Turkey. With the withdrawal of most of this aid, the army has received renewed assistance from Turkey and new assistance from Libya and others. The Gambia allowed its military training arrangement with Libya to expire in 2002. Members of the Gambian military participated in ECOMOG, the West African force deployed during the Liberian civil war beginning in 1990. Gambian forces have subsequently participated in several other peacekeeping operations, including, inter alia, Bosnia, Kosovo, DROC, Sierra Leone, Eritrea, and East Timor. The Gambia contributed 150 troops to Liberia in 2003 as part of the ECOMIL contingent. Responsibilities for internal security and law enforcement rest with the Gambian police under the Inspector General of Police and the Minister of Interior. POLITICAL CONDITIONS Before the coup d'état in July 1994, The Gambia was one of the oldest existing multi-party democracies in Africa. It had conducted freely contested elections every 5 years since independence. After the military coup, politicians from deposed President Jawara's People's Progressive Party (PPP) and other senior government officials were banned from participating in politics until July 2001. The People's Progressive Party (PPP), headed by former president Jawara, had dominated Gambian politics for nearly 30 years. After spearheading the movement toward complete independence from Britain, the PPP was voted into power and was never seriously challenged by any opposition party. The last elections under the PPP regime were held in April 1992. Following the coup in July 1994, a presidential election took place in September 1996, in which retired Col. Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh won 56% of the vote. The legislative elections held in January 1997 were dominated by the APRC, which captured 33 out of 45 seats. In July 2001, the ban on Jawara-era political parties and politicians was lifted. Four registered opposition parties participated in the October 18, 2001, presidential election, which the incumbent, President Yahya Jammeh, won with almost 53% of the votes. The APRC maintained its strong majority in the National Assembly in legislative elections held in January 2002. ECONOMY The Gambia has a liberal, market-based economy characterized by traditional subsistence agriculture, a historic reliance on groundnuts (peanuts) for export earnings, a re-export trade built up around its ocean port, low import duties, minimal administrative procedures, a fluctuating exchange rate with no exchange controls, and a significant tourism industry. Agriculture accounts for 23% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employs 75% of the labor force. Within agriculture, peanut production accounts for 5.3%of GDP, other crops 8.3%, livestock 4.4%, fishing 1.8%, and forestry 0.5%. Industry accounts for 12% of GDP and forestry 0.5%. Manufacturing accounts for 6% of GDP. The limited amount of manufacturing is primarily agriculturally based (e.g., peanut processing, bakeries, a brewery, and a tannery). Other manufacturing activities include soap, soft drinks, and clothing. Services account for 19% of GDP. The U.K. and other EU countries constitute The Gambia's major domestic export markets, accounting for 86% in total; followed by Asia at 14%; and the African subregion, including Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, and Ghana at 8%. The U.K. and the other EU countriesnamely, Germany, France, Netherlands, and Belgiumwere the major source of imports accounting for 60% of the total share of imports followed by Asia at 23%, and Cote d'Ivoire and other African countries at 17%. The Gambia reports 11% of its exports going to and 14.6% of its imports coming from the United States. FOREIGN RELATIONS The Gambia followed a formal policy of nonalignment throughout most of former President Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained The Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States, which suspended most non-humanitarian assistance in accordance with Section 508 of the Foreign Assistance Act. Since 1995, President Jammeh has established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, Taiwan, and Cuba. The Gambia plays an active role in international affairs, especially West African and Islamic affairs, although its representation abroad is limited. As a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), The Gambia has played an active role in that organization's efforts to resolve the Liberian civil war and contributed troops to the community's cease-fire monitoring group (ECOMOG) in 1990 and (ECOMIL) in 2003. It also has sought to mediate disputes in nearby Guinea-Bissau and the neighboring Casamance region of Senegal. U.S.-GAMBIAN RELATIONS U.S. policy seeks to build improved relations with The Gambia on the basis of historical ties, mutual respect, democratic rule, human rights, and adherence to UN resolutions on counterterrorism, conflict diamonds, and other forms of trafficking. Following The Gambia's successful presidential and legislative elections in October 2001 and January 2002, respectively, the U.S. Government determined that a democratically elected government had assumed office and thus lifted the sanctions it had imposed against The Gambia in accordance with Section 508 of the Foreign Assistance Act as a result of the 1994 coup. U.S. assistance supports democracy, human rights, girls' education, and the fight against HIV/AIDS. In addition, the Peace Corps maintains a large program with about 100 volunteers engaged in the environment, public health, and education sectors, mainly at the village level. Relations with the U.S. have improved significantly given the restoration of democratically elected government in 2001-2002, greater respect for human rights, and steadfast support of the War on Terrorism. The Gambia became eligible for preferential trade benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) on January 1, 2003. Principal U.S. Officials AmbassadorJackson McDonald Deputy Chief of Mission Bruce F. Knotts Peace Corps Country Director Dr. Diana Sloane The U.S. Embassy in The Gambia is situated in Fajara on Kairaba Avenue, formerly known as Pipeline Road. Tel: [220] 392856; fax [220] 392475). The Peace Corps office also is on Kairaba Avenue near the embassy. (Tel. [220] 392466). The international mailing address for the embassy is American Embassy, PMB 19, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul, The Gambia. TRAVEL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION The U.S. Department of State's Consular Information Program provides Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings, and Public Announcements. Consular Information Sheets exist for all countries and include information on entry requirements, currency regulations, health conditions, areas of instability, crime and security, political disturbances, and the addresses of the U.S. posts in the country. Travel Warnings are issued when the State Department recommends that Americans avoid travel to a certain country. Public Announcements are issued as a means to disseminate information quickly about terrorist threats and other relatively short-term conditions overseas which pose significant risks to the security of American travelers. Free copies of this information are available by calling the Bureau of Consular Affairs at 202-647-5225 or via the fax-on-demand system: 202-647-3000. Consular Information Sheets and Travel Warnings also are available on the Consular Affairs Internet home page: http://travel.state.gov. Consular Affairs Tips for Travelers publication series, which contain information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad are on the internet and hard copies can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, telephone: 202-512-1800; fax 202-512-2250. Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained from the Office of Overseas Citizens Services at (202) 647-5225. For after-hours emergencies, Sundays and holidays, call 202-647-4000. Passport information can be obtained by calling the National Passport Information Center's automated system ($.35 per minute) or live operators 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. (EST) Monday-Friday ($1.05 per minute). The number is 1-900-225-5674 (TDD: 1-900-225-7778). Major credit card users (for a flat rate of $4.95) may call 1-888-362-8668 (TDD: 1-888-498-3648). It also is available on the internet. Travelers can check the latest health information with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. A hotline at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) and a web site at http://www.cdc.gov/travel/index.htm give the most recent health advisories, immunization recommendations or requirements, and advice on food and drinking water safety for regions and countries. A booklet entitled Health Information for International Travel (HHS publication number CDC-95-8280) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, tel. (202) 512-1800. Information on travel conditions, visa requirements, currency and customs regulations, legal holidays, and other items of interest to travelers also may be obtained before your departure from a country's embassy and/or consulates in the U.S. (for this country, see "Principal Government Officials" listing in this publication). U.S. citizens who are long-term visitors or traveling in dangerous areas are encouraged to register at the Consular section of the U.S. embassy upon arrival in a country by filling out a short form and sending in a copy of their passports. This may help family members contact you in case of an emergency. Further Electronic Information Department of State Web Site. Available on the Internet at http://state.gov, the Department of State web site provides timely, global access to official U.S. foreign policy information, including Background Notes; daily press briefings; Country Commercial Guides; directories of key officers of Foreign Service posts and more. National Trade Data Bank (NTDB). Operated by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NTDB contains a wealth of trade-related information. It is available on the Internet (www.stat-usa.gov) and on CD-ROM. Call the NTDB Help-Line at (202) 482-1986 for more information. *********************************************************** See http://www.state.gov/r/pa/bgn/ for all Background notes ************************************************************ To change your subscription, go to http://www.state.gov/www/listservs_cms.html
Traveljournals.net - Geography Of Gambia
Geography of Gambia. Stories from Gambia Cities and locations Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation
http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/gambia/geography.html
The Gambia - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Hyperlinked encyclopedia article covers the history, government and politics, geography, economy, demographics, language and culture of the West African country.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia

Extractions: The Republic of The Gambia is a country in West Africa . It is the smallest country within the African continent and is entirely surrounded by Senegal , with the Gambia River emptying into the Atlantic Ocean in its center. In , The Gambia became independent from the British Empire Banjul is its capital. Republic of The Gambia In Detail Full size National motto : Progress, Peace, Prosperity Official language English Mandinka Wolof ... Fula , others Capital Banjul Largest city Serrekunda President Alhaji Yahya Jammeh Area February 18 Currency Dalasi (D) Time zone UTC National anthem For The Gambia Our Homeland ... Calling Code Subdivisions ... edit Main article: History of the Gambia Gambia was once part of the Empire of Ghana and the Songhai Empire . The first written accounts of the region come from records of Arab traders in the and 10th centuries A.D. Arab traders established the trans-Saharan trade route for slaves gold , and ivory . In the 15th century , the Portuguese took over this trade using maritime routes. At that time, The Gambia was part of the
UK Foreign Office - Country Profiles The Gambia
Overview of country's geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel and current affairs.
http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c
Gambia - Geography
Physical The gambia is a low, thin strip of land running along the gambia Riverfor about 322 kilometres / 200 miles inland. The highest point is 90 meters
http://www.africanet.com/africanet/country/gambia/geograph.htm
CIA - The World Factbook -- Gambia, The
Features map and brief descriptions of the geography, economy, government, and people.
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ga.html

Extractions: Select a Country or Location World Afghanistan Akrotiri Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dhekelia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The
ABC Country Book Of The Gambia - Geography Flag, Map, Economy, Geography, Climat
The gambia Interactive Factbook geography, Flag, Map,geography, People, Government,Economy, Transportation, Communications.
http://www.theodora.com/wfb/the_gambia_geography.html
Gambia, The Geography 2000 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural R
gambia, The geography 2000 Flags, Maps, Economy, geography, Climate, NaturalResources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population,
http://www.photius.com/wfb2000/countries/gambia_the/gambia_the_geography.html
Gambia - Atlapedia Online
LOCATION geography gambia is located on the west coast of Africa. It iscompletely surrounded by Senegal to the north, east, and south and the Atlantic
http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/gambia.htm

Extractions: ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION Gambia is located on the west coast of Africa. It is completely surrounded by Senegal to the north, east, and south and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It is a narrow strip of low lying land that is covered in thick mangrove swamps below the lower half of the Gambia River. The country can be divided into three topographical regions. (1.) The valley floor with built up alluvial areas known as Bango Faros. (2.) A dissected plateau with sandy hills alternating with broad valleys and (3.) a sandstone plateau which in parts extends into Senegal. The principal river is the Gambia. Major Cities (pop. est.); Greater Banjul 270,500, Serekunda 102,600, Brikama 24,300 (1986). Land Use; forested 28%, pastures 9%, agricultural-cultivated 18%, other 45% (1993). CLIMATE: Gambia has a tropical climate with a hot wet season between June to October alternating with a cool dry season from November to April. During the dry season the Harmattan, a dry and dust laden wind blows from the Sahara Desert in the northeast. Average annual precipitation in Banjul is 1,295 mm (51 inches) and average temperature ranges are from 15 to 31 degrees Celsius (59 to 88 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 23 to 32 degrees Celsius (73 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit) in June. PEOPLE: The principal ethnic majority are the Mandinka who account for 40% of the population while the Fulani account for 19%, the Wolof for 15%, the Pyola for 10%, the Soninke for 8% and others including non-Gambians account for around 8%. The non-Gambians include British, Syrians, Lebanese and Asians.
Gambia : Geography, Population, Cities, Map, Flag, Gdp Gnp Economy, Travel Touri
gambia geography, maps, flag, statistics, photos and cultural information aboutgambia.
http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/country_information.php?Pays=GAM
Gambia : Geography & Tourist Information - Travel, Holidays : Price Comparison F
gambia geography, maps, flag, statistics, photos and cultural information aboutgambia.
http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/pageinfo_pays.php3?Pays=GAM

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